Chapter-5 : Understanding Elementary Shapes

AB

means a straight line with markings A & B;

B
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle can never be less
than the length of the third side.
C
A

Note : If, AB = AC+CB, then it is not a triangle, it becomes single

straight line. Means AC+CB coincides with AB. So, the sum of two sides
of a triangle is always more than the other side/third side.
5.1: Types of Angles
Right Angle: 45

Straight

(Degrees)

Angle: 180

Complete Angle / Revolution: 180

Acute Angle:

An angle smaller than a right angle (<45) is called an acute

angle.

An angle is larger than a right angle, but less than a straight

angle(An angle lies between 45 and 180), it is called an obtuse
angle.

Obtuse angle:

An angle is larger than a straight angle, but less than a

complete angle/revolution(An angle lies between 180 and 360 or
more than Half revolution), it is called an Reflex angle.

Reflex angle:

5.2: Perpendicular Lines

When two lines intersect and the angle between them is a right angle,
then the lines are said to be perpendicular. If a line AB is perpendicular to
CD, then we write AB CD.

2-D Shapes
5.3: TRIANGLE

A Polygon with least number of sides is called TRIANGLE.

5.3.1: Classification of Triangles
5.3.1.1: Classification based on Sides:

Scalene Triangle:
A triangle having all three unequal sides is called a Scalene Triangle.

Isosceles

Triangle:

A triangle having two equal sides is called an Isosceles Triangle.

Equilateral Triangle:

A triangle having
Triangle.

three equal sides is called an Equilateral

5.3.1.2: Classification based on Angles:

Acute angled Triangle: (<90)

If each angle is less than 90, then the triangle is called an Acute angled
triangle.

 Right angled Triangle:

(90)
If anyone angle is a right angle then the triangle is called a Right angled
triangle.

Obtuse
angled Triangle: (>90)
If anyone angle is greater than 90, then the triangle is called an Obtuse
angled triangle.

A
Polygon which has THREE sides is called
TRIANGLE.
A Polygon which has FOUR sides is called QUADRILATERAL.
A Polygon which has FIVE sides is called PENTAGON.
A Polygon which has SIX sides is called HEXAGON.
A Polygon which has EIGHT sides is called OCTAGON.
Quadrilaterals are further classified with reference to their properties.
5.4:

RECTANGLE

Opposite sides are equal.

5.5: SQUARE

All four sides are equal.

5.6: PARALLELOGRAM

The opposite sides are parallel & equal, the diagonals are equal.

5.7 : RHOMBUS

The

5.8 : TRAPEZIUM

The

3-D Shapes
5.9 : SPHERE

Ex : Ball

5.10 : CONE

The cone has one base. i.e. Circle

Ex: Ice Cream

5.11 : CYLINDER

The cylinder has two bases. i.e. Circle

Ex: Can

5.12 : CUBOID

Ex: Rectangular Box

5.13 : CUBE

Ex: Square Box

5.14 : PYRAMID

A pyramid is a shape with a single base; the other faces are triangles.
If the base of pyramid has a TRIANGLE, then it is called
Triangle
pyramid.
It is also known as a TETRAHEDRON.
OR
If the base of pyramid has a SQUARE, then it is
called
SQUARE PYRAMID.

So, the type of Pyramid is depends on its base shape.

5.15 : PRISM

A prism has two identical bases; the other faces

are rectangles.
If the prism has a TRIANGULAR BASE, it is
called a TRIANGULAR PRISM.
It is also known as a KALEIDOSCOPE.
OR
If the prism has a RECTANGULAR BASE, it is a RECTANGULAR PRISM.
So, the type of prism is depends on its base shape.

Chapter-6 : Integers
Predecessor & Successor :
Ex :3 4 5 6 :
3 & 5 are the Predecessor & Successor of
4. Similarly, 4 & 6 are the Predecessor &
Successor of 5, respectively.
Representation of integers on a number line