XI- MATHS Trigonometric Functions - Results

Degree measure
1 𝑡ℎ
If a rotation from the initial side to terminal side is (360) of a revolution, the angle is said to have a
measure of one degree, written as 1°. A degree is divided into 60 minutes, and a minute is divided into
60 seconds. One sixtieth of a degree is called a minute, written as 1’, and one sixtieth of a minute is
called a second, written as 1’’
Thus, 1° = 60’, 1 = 60″
Radian measure
Angle subtended at the centre by an arc of length 1 unit in a unit circle (circle of radius 1 unit) is said
to have a measure of 1 radian.
Relation between degree and radian
Since a circle subtends at the centre an angle whose radian measure is 2π and its degree measure is
360°, then
2π radian = 360° or π radian = 180°
180
1 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = = 57° 16′ 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦.
𝜋
𝜋
𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜 1° = 180radian = 0.01746 radian approximately.
Trigonometric functions of negative angles.

Let θ be any angle. Then,

sin (–θ) = – sin θ, cos (– θ) = cos θ
tan (– θ) = – tan θ sec (–θ) = sec θ
cot (–θ) = – cot θ
cosec (– θ) = – cosec θ

𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 = 1, 1 + 𝑇𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴, 1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴

Trigonometric Formulae.
𝑪+𝑫 𝑪−𝑫
𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝑪 + 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝑫 = 𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏 ( ) 𝑪𝒐𝒔 ( )
𝟐 𝟐
𝑪+𝑫 𝑪−𝑫
𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝑪 − 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝑫 = 𝟐 𝑪𝒐𝒔 ( ) 𝑺𝒊𝒏 ( )
𝟐 𝟐
𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 – 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑪+𝑫 𝑪−𝑫
𝑪𝒐𝒔𝑪 + 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝑫 = 𝟐 𝑪𝒐𝒔 ( ) 𝑪𝒐𝒔 ( )
𝟐 𝟐
𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵
𝑪+𝑫 𝑪−𝑫
𝑪𝒐𝒔𝑪 − 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝑫 = −𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏 ( ) 𝑺𝒊𝒏 ( )
𝟐 𝟐

2 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐴 − 𝐵)

2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐴 + 𝐵) − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐴 − 𝐵)
𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝑨 = 𝟐 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝑨
2𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝐴 − 𝐵)
−2𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝐴 + 𝐵) − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝐴 − 𝐵) 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝑨 = 𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝑨
tan 𝐴+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
𝑇𝑎𝑛 (𝐴 + 𝐵) = 1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 𝝅 𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨
𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( + 𝑨) =
𝟒 𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨
tan 𝐴 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
𝑇𝑎𝑛 (𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝝅 𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨
1 + tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( − 𝑨) =
𝟒 𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨
 cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵−1
𝐶𝑜𝑡(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 2 sin
𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝐴
cot 𝐵+ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
2 2
cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵 + 1 𝑨
𝐶𝑜𝑡(𝐴 − 𝐵) =
cot 𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨 = 𝟐 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐
𝟐
Sin 2A = 2 Sin A Cos A 𝑨
𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨 = 𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐
Cos 2A = Cos2A – Sin2A
𝟐
𝐴
Cos 2A = 2Cos2A – 1 2 tan
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 = 2
Cos 2A = 1 – 2Sin2A 𝐴
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2
2 tan 𝐴
2
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2𝐴 = 1− 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝐴 𝐴
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2
2 tan 𝐴
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 = 2
𝑆𝑖𝑛 2𝐴 = 1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 𝐴
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 2
𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝐴 = 𝐴
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 2 tan
𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝐴 = 2
𝑆𝑖𝑛 3𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 𝐴
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2
𝐶𝑜𝑠 3𝑥 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2
3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥
𝑇𝑎𝑛3𝑥 =
1 − 3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
Allied angle property of T -ratios: To find the value of any T Ratio (any angle):
Step - 1 : Write, T Ratio (any angle) = T Ratio (n x 90 ± 𝜃), where 𝜃 is an acute angle
Case (i) : If n is any positive even integer T Ratio (n x 90 + 𝜃) = T Ratio (𝜃).(No change in T Ratio)
Case (ii) : If n is any positive odd integer T Ratio (n x 90 + 𝜃), change the T ratio as " if there is a
"co" remove it and if there is no ''co'' fix it".
Step - 2 : Check the quadrant of the given T ratio and add the corresponding sign to the answer obtained.
1
(Remember A S T C) eg; sin 330° = sin(3 × 90 + 60) = − cos 60 = − 2
Trigonometric equations
Equations involving trigonometric functions of a variables are called trigonometric equations.
Principal and General Solution of Trigonometric Equations
Principal solution: Solutions of trigonometric equation which lie between 𝟎° and 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
General solution: All possible solutions of a trigonometric equation, which involves n, the integer.
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = 𝟎 ⟹ 𝜽 = 𝒏𝝅 , 𝒏 ∈ 𝐙
𝝅
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝟎 ⟹ 𝜽 = (𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝟐, 𝒏 ∈ 𝐙
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = 𝟎 ⟹ 𝜽 = 𝒏𝝅, 𝒏 ∈ 𝐙

General Solution of Trigonometric Equations

(i) If sin θ = sin α for some angle α, then 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋 + (– 1)𝑛 𝛼 , n ∈ Z
(ii) If cos θ = cos α for some angle α, then θ = 2 nπ ± α, n ∈ Z
(iii) If tan θ = tan α or cot θ = cot α, then θ = nπ + α, n ∈ Z
(iv) The general value of θ satisfying any of the equations 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼
and 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼 is given by θ = nπ ± α, n ∈ Z