1/2

Some information that might be helpful:

Energy/Power Conversions: Density of air = 1.225 kg/m3
1 kWh = 3412 Btu = 3.6 MJ Density of water = 1000 kg/m3 = 1 kg/l
1 therm = 100,000 Btu Specific Heat of water = 4180 J/kg·°C
1 kW = 1.341 hp
q = 1.602·10-19 C, electron charge Molecular Weights:
k = 1.381·10-23 J/K, Boltzmann’s constant Oxygen = 16.0
Carbon = 12.0
Nitrogen = 14.0
 2/2
360°
𝛿𝛿 = 23.45°sin � (𝑛𝑛 − 81)�
365

360°
𝐵𝐵 = (𝑛𝑛 − 81)
365

𝐸𝐸 = 9.87 sin(2𝐵𝐵) − 7.53 cos(𝐵𝐵)

− 1.5 sin(𝐵𝐵) [min]

sin(𝛽𝛽) = cos(𝐿𝐿) cos(δ) cos(𝐻𝐻)

+ sin(𝐿𝐿) sin (𝛿𝛿) �𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎 �
𝜂𝜂 = 𝐾𝐾𝜏𝜏𝜏𝜏 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 (𝜏𝜏𝜏𝜏)𝑛𝑛 − 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐
𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐
cos(𝛿𝛿) sin (𝐻𝐻)
sin(𝜑𝜑𝑠𝑠 ) =
cos (𝛽𝛽) 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 �24 h�day� 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 𝑈𝑈𝑐𝑐 ∆𝑡𝑡�𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 − 𝑇𝑇�𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 �

𝑋𝑋 =
𝐿𝐿
��� ����
𝜏𝜏𝜏𝜏
cos(𝜃𝜃) = cos(𝛽𝛽) cos(𝜑𝜑𝑠𝑠 − 𝜑𝜑𝑐𝑐 ) sin(∑) 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 (𝜏𝜏𝜏𝜏)𝑛𝑛 𝐻𝐻 𝑁𝑁
(𝜏𝜏𝜏𝜏)𝑛𝑛 𝑇𝑇
𝑌𝑌 =
+ sin(𝛽𝛽) cos (∑) 𝐿𝐿

𝐼𝐼𝐶𝐶 = 𝐼𝐼𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐼𝐼𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑓𝑓 = 1.029𝑌𝑌 − 0.065𝑋𝑋 − 0.245𝑌𝑌 2 + 0.0018𝑋𝑋 2

+ 0.0215𝑌𝑌 3
𝐼𝐼𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = 𝐼𝐼𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐼𝐼𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝐼𝐼𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐼𝐼𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 sin (𝛽𝛽) 1
𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤 = 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣 3
2
𝐼𝐼𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐼𝐼𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 cos(𝜃𝜃) 𝑣𝑣 ℎ 𝛼𝛼
� �=� �
𝑣𝑣0 ℎ0
1 + cos (∑)
𝐼𝐼𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐼𝐼𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 � � 2𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣 2
2 𝑓𝑓(𝑣𝑣) = 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 �− � � �
𝑐𝑐 2 𝑐𝑐
1 − cos (∑) √𝜋𝜋
𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝜌𝜌𝐼𝐼𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 � � 𝑣𝑣̅ = 𝑐𝑐
2 2
𝑣𝑣1 2
prob(𝑣𝑣 > 𝑣𝑣1 ) = 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 �− � � �
𝑐𝑐
𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 0.087𝑣𝑣̅ −
𝐷𝐷2
NOCT − 20°C
𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + � � 𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐
800 W/m2