The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

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 The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

1. 2𝑒 2𝑥 − 7𝑒 𝑥 + 6 = 0 VOICE OF
𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑒 THE
2𝑦 2 − 27𝑦 + 6 = 0 PROFESS
2𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 3𝑦 + 6 = 0 OR (VOP)
2𝑦(𝑦 − 2) − 3(𝑦 − 2) = 0
(𝑦 − 2)(2𝑦 − 3) = 0
3
𝑦 = 2 𝑜𝑟
2

[∵ 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 ]

∴ 𝑒𝑥 = 2
𝑥
ln 𝑒 = ln 2
𝒙 = 𝐥𝐧 𝟐

𝑂𝑅
3
𝑒𝑥 =
2
3
ln 𝑒 𝑥 = ln ( )
2
𝟑
𝒙 = 𝐥𝐧 ( ) [Award 3
𝟐 marks]

sin 2𝜃
2. 1+cos 2𝜃
= tan 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = sin 2𝜃
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃
= 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑒

2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 2𝜃 =

=
1 + (1 − 2 sin2 𝜃) 2 cos2 𝜃 − 1

2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
= 𝑂𝑟 cos 2𝜃 =
2 − 2 sin2 𝜃
1 − 2 sin2 𝜃
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
=
2(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)

2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
=
2(cos2 𝜃)

sin 𝜃
=
cos 𝜃
[Award 3
= 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 marks]
𝑳𝑯𝑺 = 𝑹𝑯𝑺 (𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒅)

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 The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

Alternative solution VOICE OF

THE
sin 2𝜃
= tan 𝜃 PROFESS
1 + cos 2𝜃 OR (VOP)
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃
𝐿𝐻𝑆 =
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 𝐾𝑒𝑦 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑒 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑊𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 cos 2𝜃 =
𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 cos2 𝜃 − 1
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 1 ∴
∴ 1 + cos 2𝜃
2
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 2 cos2 𝜃
𝑁𝑜𝑤
2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝐿𝐻𝑆 =
2 cos2 𝜃

2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
=
2 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
Accept
sin 𝜃
= ORA
cos 𝜃
= 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 [Award 3
𝑳𝑯𝑺 = 𝑹𝑯𝑺 (𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒅) marks]

3. 𝑦 = ln[cos(𝑥 2 + 1)] Recall

𝑑 2 𝐼𝑓 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 [𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 + 1)]
= = ln[𝑓 (𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑑𝑦 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑑 =
− sin(𝑥 2 + 1) ∙ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 2 + 1) Accept
ORA
− sin(𝑥 2 + 1) ∙ 2𝑥
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 2 + 1)
[Award 3
= −𝟐𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏) marks]
.` 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑

1
4. (a) 𝑀∝ 3
√𝑛−1
𝑘
𝑀= 3
√𝑛 − 1

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑀 = 5, 𝑛 = 9

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 The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

VOICE OF
𝑘 THE
5= 3
√9 − 1 PROFESS
OR (VOP)
𝑘
5= 3
√8

𝑘
5=
2

10 = 𝑘
𝟏𝟎 [Award 3
∴ 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒊𝒔 𝑴 = 𝟑
√𝒏 − 𝟏 marks]

10
(b) 𝑀= 3
√𝑛−1
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑀 = 25

10
25 = 3
√𝑛 − 1
3
25 √𝑛 − 1 = 10

3 10
√𝑛 − 1 =
25

3 2
√𝑛 − 1 =
5

2 3
𝑛−1= ( )
5

8 8
𝑛−1= 1.064 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1
125 125
𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
8 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝑛= +1 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠
125
[Award 2
𝟏𝟑𝟑
𝒏= marks]
𝟏𝟐𝟓

5. (a) 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 ≡ 𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑏)2 + 𝑐

2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 ≡ 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏2 ) + 𝑐

2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 ≡ 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏2 + 𝑐

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

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The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

𝑥2 → 2 = 𝑎 VOICE OF
THE
𝑥 → 3 = 2𝑎𝑏 PROFESS
OR (VOP)
3 = 2(2)(𝑏)

3 = 4𝑏

3
=𝑏
4

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 → 1 = 𝑎𝑏2 + 𝑐

3 2
1 = 2( ) + 𝑐
4

9
1= +𝑐
8

9
1− =𝑐
8

𝟏
− =𝒄
𝟖
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
∴ 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐 (𝒙 + ) − [Award 3
𝟒 𝟖 marks]
Alternative solution

𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
∴ 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐 (𝒙 + ) −
𝟒 𝟖
𝟑 𝟏
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒃 = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 = −
𝟒 𝟖
Alternative solution

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
3 1 𝑀𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
= 2 [𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + ]
2 2
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
2 2
3 3 1 3
= 2 [𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + ( ) + − ( ) ] 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 2 𝑖𝑠 + 1
2 2 2 2

3 2 1 9
= 2 [(𝑥 + ) + − ]
4 2 16

3 2 1
= 2 [(𝑥 + ) − ]
4 16
𝟐
[Award 3
𝟑 𝟏 marks]
= 𝟐 (𝒙 + ) −
𝟒 𝟖

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The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

𝟑 𝟏 VOICE OF
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒃= 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 = −
𝟒 𝟖 THE
PROFESS
OR (VOP)

(b) 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 0
ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
3 2 1
2 (𝑥 + ) − = 0
4 8

3 2 1
2 (𝑥 + ) =
4 8

3 2 1
(𝑥 + ) =
4 8×2

3 2 1
(𝑥 + ) =
4 16

3 1
𝑥+ =√
4 16

3 1
𝑥+ =±
4 4

3 1
𝑥=− ±
4 4 [Award 3
marks]
𝟏
𝒙 = −𝟏 𝒐𝒓 −
𝟐

Alternative solution (Otherwise)

2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 0

2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0

2𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 1(𝑥 + 1) = 0
[Award 3
(𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 + 1) = 0
Marks]
𝟏
𝒙 = −𝟏 𝒐𝒓 −
𝟐

6|P ag e Important message: Jesus is coming again

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 The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

Alternative solution (Otherwise) VOICE

OF THE
2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 0 PROFES
SOR
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 (VOP)
𝑥=
2𝑎

−3 ± √32 − 4(2)(1)
𝑥=
2(2)

−3 ± √9 − 8
𝑥=
4

−3 ± √1
𝑥=
4

−3 ± 1
𝑥=
4

−3 + 1 −3 − 1
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
4 4

𝟏
𝒙=− 𝒐𝒓 − 𝟏 [Award 3
𝟐
Marks]

6. (a)
𝐵

𝑡 Nota Bene:
𝑟 𝐼𝑛 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒
𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦, 𝑖𝑡
𝜃 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑑𝑑
𝑜 𝑟 𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑜
𝐴
2 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚

𝑟
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝐴, 𝑂𝐶 =
2
𝑼𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒓𝒖𝒍𝒆
𝑟 2 𝑟
𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 + ( ) − 2𝑟 ( ) cos 𝜃
2 2

𝑟2
𝑦 = 𝑟2 + − 𝑟 2 cos 𝜃
4

4𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2
𝑦2 = − 𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
4

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 The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

𝟓𝒓𝟐 [Award 2
𝒚𝟐 = − 𝒓𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 Marks]
𝟒
𝟓𝒓𝟐 VOICE OF
(b) 𝒚𝟐 = − 𝒓𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝟒 THE
. Aside PROFESS
𝟓𝒓𝟐 OR (VOP)
(b) 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒
− 𝒓𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝜃2 𝐾𝑒𝑦 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑒
𝐼𝑓 𝜃 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙, cos 𝜃 ≈ 1 −
2 𝐼𝑓 𝜃 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙,
2 2
5𝑟 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
⇒ 𝑦2 ≈ − 𝑟 2 (1 − )
4 2 𝜃2
≈1−
2
5𝑟 2 𝑟2𝜃2
𝑦2 ≈ − 𝑟2 −
4 2
𝑤𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑡 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
. Aside = 𝑟𝜃
𝑤𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑟𝜃
∴ 𝑡 = 𝑟𝜃
𝑡
. 𝑟
=𝜃
𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑡 2
5𝑟2 𝑟 2 (𝑟 )
𝑦2 ≈ − 𝑟2 −
4 2
2
2 𝑡
2
5𝑟 − 4𝑟 𝑟 2( )
𝑟2
𝑦2 ≈ −
4 2

𝒓𝟐 𝒕𝟐 [Award 4
𝒚𝟐 ≈ −
𝟒 𝟐 Marks]
𝑨𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅

3 −1
7. 𝐴 = ( )
4 −1

2𝑛 + 1 −𝑛
.𝐴𝑛 = ( )
4𝑛 1 − 2𝑛

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒: 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 = 1

𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴𝑛

= 𝐴1

3 −1 1
=( )
4 −1
3 −1
=( )
4 −1

8|P ag e Important message: Jesus is coming again

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The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

2𝑛 + 1 −𝑛 VOICE OF
𝑅𝐻𝑆 = ( )
4𝑛 1 − 2𝑛 THE
PROFESS
2(1) + 1 −1 OR (VOP)
=( )
(
4 1) 1 − 2(1)

3 −1
=( )
4 −1
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 1

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1
2𝑘 + 1 −𝑘
𝐴𝑘 = ( )
4𝑘 1 − 2𝑘

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1

2(𝑘 + 1) + 1 −(𝑘 + 1)
𝐴𝑘+1 = ( )
4(𝑘 + 1) 1 − 2(𝑘 + 1)
Nota Bene:
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓:
On the proof
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴𝑘+1 stage, the
thesis stage
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑎𝑤𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 marries the
assumption
= 𝐴𝑘 ∙ 𝐴1 stage.
𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 In this case,
the, take
2𝑘 + 1 −𝑘 3 −1 LHS of the
=( )( )
4𝑘 1 − 2𝑘 4 −1 Thesis and
apply laws
6𝑘 + 3 − 4𝑘 −2𝑘 − 1 + 𝑘
=( ) of indices
12𝑘 + 4 − 8𝑘 −4𝑘 − 1 + 2𝑘
and
2𝑘 + 3 −𝑘 − 1 substitute
=( ) the RHS of
4𝑘 + 4 −2𝑘 − 1
the
𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 assumption
2𝑘 + 2 + 1 −(𝑘 + 1)
=( ) Then create
4(𝑘 + 1) −2𝑘 − 2 + 1
a situation
with a bias
2(𝑘 + 1) + 1 −(𝑘 + 1)
=( ) towards the
4(𝑘 + 1) 1 − 2(𝑘 + 1)
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆, ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 RHS of the
Thesis.
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝒏 = 𝒌, 𝒏 = 𝒌 + 𝟏, [Award 7
∴ 𝒃𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒏 ∈ ℤ+ marks]

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2𝑥 2+1 VOICE OF
8. (a) 2𝑥 −1
=5
THE
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 2𝑥
PROFESSOR
𝑦+1
=5 (VOP)
𝑦−1
𝑦 + 1 = 5(𝑦 − 1)
𝑦 + 1 = 5𝑦 − 5
1 + 5 = 5𝑦 − 𝑦
6 = 4𝑦
3
𝑦=
2
∵ 𝑦 = 2𝑥
3
∴ 2𝑥 =
2
3
ln 2𝑥 = ln ( )
2
3
𝑥 ln 2 = ln ( )
2
3
ln (2)
𝑥= [Award
ln 2
𝑥 = 0.584962500 3marks]
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟖𝟓 𝒕𝒐 𝟑𝒔𝒇
If the modulus
(b) |𝑥 − 3| > 2|3𝑥 + 1|
is on both
𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
sides, square
(𝑥 − 3)2 > 22 (3𝑥 + 1)2
both sides and
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 > 4(9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1) proceed as
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 > 36𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 4 usual.
0 > 36𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 + 24 + 6𝑥 + 4 − 9
0 > 35𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 − 5
0 > 7𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1
7𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1 < 0
7𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1 < 0
(7𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) < 0
𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒
1
𝑥 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 =
7

A table could
also be used

[Award 5
marks]
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔
𝟏
−𝟏 < 𝒙 <
𝟕
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Alternative solution VOICE OF

THE
|𝑥 − 3| > 2|3𝑥 + 1| PROFESSOR
(VOP)
|𝑥 − 3| > |6𝑥 + 2|

square both sides If the modulus

is on both
(x − 3)2 > (6𝑥 + 2)2 sides, square
both sides and
𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 2 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 proceed as
usual.
(𝑥 − 3)2 > (6𝑥 + 2)2

(𝑥 − 3)2 − (6𝑥 + 2)2 > 0

𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝐿𝐻𝑆 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠

(𝑥 − 3 + 6𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3 − 6𝑥 − 2) > 0

(7𝑥 − 1)(−5𝑥 − 5) > 0

𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒

1
𝑥 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 =
7

A table could
also be used

𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔 [Award 5

𝟏 marks]
−𝟏 < 𝒙 <
𝟕

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𝑒𝑥 VOICE OF
9. (a) 1+𝑥
THE
= 𝑒 1 + 𝑥)−1
𝑥(
PROFESS
𝑊𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝐹7 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑡
OR (VOP)
𝑥2 𝑥3
𝑒𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥 + +
2! 3!
Key
𝑥2 𝑥3
= 1+𝑥+ + formulae:
2 6
Series
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 (1 + 𝑥)−1 expansion of
𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑒 𝑥 from
𝑛𝑥 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑥 2 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2)𝑥 3 MF7
(1 + 𝑥)𝑛 = 1 + + +
1! 2! 3! formula
booklet or
(−1)(−2)𝑥 2 (−1)(−2)(−3)𝑥 3 using
(1 + 𝑥)−1 = 1 + (−1)𝑥 + +
3×2 3×2 Maclaurin’s
theorem
= 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3

𝑁𝑜𝑤 The
𝑥2 𝑥3 universal
𝑒 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)−1 = (1 + 𝑥 + + ) (1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 )
2 6 binomial
expansion
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑠, 𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥3
= 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 + 𝑥 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + − +
2 2 6

𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠

𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥3
= 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥2 + − 𝑥3 + 𝑥3 − +
2 2 6
[Award 6
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑
=𝟏+ + 𝒂𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 marks]
𝟐 𝟑

𝑒𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
(b) 1+𝑥
= 1+ 2
+ 3
𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏
𝑒 0.01 (0.01)2 (0.01)3
≈1+ +
1 + 0.01 2 3

𝑒 0.01
≈ 1.0000496667 [Award 2
1.01
≈ 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟕 (𝒕𝒐 𝟕𝒅𝒑) marks]

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1 VOICE OF
10. (a) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2 − |𝑥| 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 3 𝑥 + 1
THE
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
PROFESS
OR (VOP)
𝑦 = |𝑥| 𝑖𝑠 𝑎
𝑦 = |𝑥| 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ
𝑜𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠,
𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑦=0

𝑦 = −|𝑥| ∶
𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ
𝑜𝑓 𝑦 = |𝑥|,
𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑦=0
𝑦 = −|𝑥|

𝑦 = 2 − |𝑥|
𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑜𝑓
𝑦
𝑦 = −|𝑥|,
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
2 0
( )
𝑦 = 2 − |𝑥| 2
𝑥 OR
−2 2
For the
graph of
𝑦 = 2 − |𝑥|
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑠
𝑦 = 2−𝑥
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑔(𝑥) − (𝑣𝑒) 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟
1
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑠
3 𝑦 = 2+𝑥
𝑥 0 -3 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ
𝑦 1 0 + (𝑣𝑒) 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑

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VOICE OF
THE
𝑦
PROFESS
1
𝑦 = 𝑥+1 OR (VOP)
3
𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑢𝑠𝑒
1 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑠
−3

∴ 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒌𝒆𝒕𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔

𝑦
1
𝑦 = 𝑥+1
3
2
1
𝑦 = 2 − |𝑥|
−3 −2 𝑥
2 [Award 3
marks]

1
(b) 2 − |𝑥| = 3 𝑥 + 1
𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
1
2 − 1 − 𝑥 = |𝑥|
3
1
1 − 𝑥 = |𝑥|
3
𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
1 2
(1 − 𝑥) = (𝑥)2
3
𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠
𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 2 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 Accept
1 2 ORA
(1 − 𝑥) − (𝑥)2 = 0
3
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 2 𝑠𝑞𝑠
1 1
(1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥) (1 − 𝑥 − 𝑥) = 0
3 3
2 4
(1 + 𝑥) (1 − 𝑥) = 0
3 3

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3 3 VOICE OF
𝑥=− 𝑜𝑟
2 4 THE
PROFESS
3 OR (VOP)
𝑦 = 2 − |− |
2
3
=2−
2
1
=
2
𝑂𝑅
3
𝑦 = 2−| |
4
3
𝑦=2−
4
5
𝑦= [Award 5
4
∴ 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆 marks]
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
(− ; ) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ( ; )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

Alternative solution: The graphical method For the

graph of
𝑦 = 2 − |𝑥|
𝑦 = 2−𝑥
𝑦
1 (𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ
𝑦 = 2+𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥+1
3 − (𝑣𝑒) 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑
2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟
1 𝑦 = 2−𝑥 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑠
𝑥 𝑦 = 2+𝑥
−3 −2 2 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ
+ (𝑣𝑒) 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠

1
2+𝑥 = 𝑥+1
3
1
𝑥− 𝑥 =1−2
3
2
𝑥 = −1
3
3
𝑥=−
2

3
∴ 𝑦 = 2 + (− )
2
3
=2−
2
1
=
2

15 | P a g e Important message: Jesus is coming again

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 The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 VOICE OF

1 THE
2−𝑥 = 𝑥+1
3 PROFESS
1 OR (VOP)
−𝑥 − 𝑥 = 1 − 2
3
4
− 𝑥 = −1
3
3
𝑥=
4

3
𝑦=2−
4
5
𝑦=
4
∴ 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 [Award 5
(− ; ) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ( ; ) marks]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

2𝑥 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 Use the
11. (a) (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)(𝑥−1)
= 𝑥+2 + 𝑥−2 + 𝑥−1
linear factor
2𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) approach.

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 1
2 = −3𝑐
Could also
2
− =𝐶 compare
3
coefficients
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 2
4 = 4𝐵
1=𝐵

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = −2
−4 = 12𝐴
1
− =𝐴
3
𝟐𝒙 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 [Award 4
= + −
(𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝟑(𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟑(𝒙 − 𝟏) marks]

𝟐𝒙
(b) (𝒙+𝟐)(𝒙−𝟐)(𝒙−𝟏)
<0 Take the
𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 ranges
𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥=2 which give
negative
result

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𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

𝑥 < −2 −2 < 𝑥 < 0 0<𝑥<1 1<𝑥<2 𝑥>2

2𝑥 − − + + +
𝑥+2 − + + + +
𝑥−2 − − − − +
𝑥−1 − − − + +
𝑓(𝑥) + − + − +
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒕 𝒊𝒔
−𝟐 < 𝒙 < 𝟎 ∪ 𝟏 < 𝒙 < 𝟐
[Award 4 marks]

12. (a) 𝑝 = −4 + 3𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 = −1 + √3𝑖 VOICE OF

THE
|𝑝| = √(−4)2 + 32 PROFESS
=𝟓 OR (VOP)
2 [Award 4
|𝑞| = √(−1)2 + (√3)
marks]
=𝟐

√𝟑
(b) (i) 𝑨𝒓𝒈(𝒒) = 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( 𝟏 ) 𝐼𝑓
𝝅 𝑍 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏
𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝜶 = 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑍)
𝟑
𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑏
= tan−1 ( )
𝐼𝑚(𝑞) 𝑎

√3

−1 𝑅𝑒(𝑞)

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑞 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 ,

𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝜃 = 𝜋−𝛼
𝜋
∴𝜃 =𝜋− [Award 2
3
𝟐𝝅 marks]
=
𝟑

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2 VOICE
(b) (ii) 𝑝𝑞2 = (−4 + 3𝑖 )(−1 + √3𝑖 )
OF THE
= (−4 + 3𝑖 )(1 − 2√3𝑖 + 3𝑖 2 )
PROFES
= (−4 + 3𝑖 )(1 − 2√3𝑖 − 3) SOR
= (−4 + 3𝑖 )(−2 − 2√3𝑖) (VOP)
= 8 + 8√3𝑖 − 6𝑖 − 6√3𝑖 2 𝑖 2 = −1
= 8 + 8√3𝑖 − 6𝑖 + 6√3
𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
= 8 + 6√3 + 8√3𝑖 − 6𝑖 [Award 3
= (𝟖 + 𝟔√𝟑) + (𝟖√𝟑 − 𝟔)𝒊 marks]
−4+3𝑖 −1−√3𝑖
(b) (iii) −1+√3𝑖
× −1−√3𝑖
4 + 4√3𝑖 − 3𝑖 − 3√3𝑖 2
=
1 + 3𝑖 2
𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
4 + 3√3 + 4√3𝑖 − 3𝑖
= 𝑖 2 = −1
1+3
4 + 3√3 + (4√3 − 3)𝑖
=
4
𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘
𝟒 + 𝟑√𝟑 (𝟒√𝟑 − 𝟑)𝒊 [Award 3
= + marks]
𝟒 𝟒

5
13. 𝑦 = 10 − 𝑥………(1)
𝑦 + 𝑥 = 6………..(2)

(a) 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 (1) 𝑖𝑛 (2)

5
10 − + 𝑥 = 6
𝑥
𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
10𝑥 − 5 + 𝑥 2 = 6𝑥
2
𝑥 + 10𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 5 = 0
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 = 0
2
𝑥 − 𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 5 = 0
(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑥 = −5 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −5
𝑦−5= 6
𝑦 = 11

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1
𝑦 = 6−1
𝑦=5 [Award 5
∴ 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑷 & 𝑸 𝒂𝒓𝒆 marks]
(−𝟓; 𝟏𝟏)𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟏; 𝟓)

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(b) 𝑀𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑄 VOICE OF

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑃 = (−5; 11) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄(1; 5) THE
−5 + 1 11 + 5 PROFESSOR
𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑄 = ( ; )
2 2 (VOP)
(−𝟐; 𝟖)
(c) 𝑤𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 [2 marks]
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 (−2; 8)

𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
11 − 5
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑄 =
−5 − 1
6
=
−6
= −1

−1
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
−1
=1
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑠
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − 8 = 1(𝑥 − −2)
[Award 3
𝑦−8= 𝑥+2
marks]
𝒚 − 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎

14. (a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (−1; −5) Key concept

𝑑𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡,
= 2𝑥 + 𝑝 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡, =0
𝑑𝑥
∴ 2𝑥 + 𝑝 = 0

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −1
2 −1) + 𝑝 = 0
(
𝑝=2
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝, 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞

−5 = (−1)2 + 2(−1) + 𝑞

−5 = −1 + 𝑞

−4 = 𝑞
∴ 𝒑 = 𝟐, 𝒒 = −𝟒 [Award 5
marks]

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(b) 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 VOICE OF

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 THE
𝑇𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑤𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 PROFESSOR
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (VOP)
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, 𝑥 = 0
𝑦 = 02 + 2(0) − 4
𝑦 = −4
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 (0; −4)

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑦
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑 = = 2𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0,
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 2

𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠

𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − −4 = 2(𝑥 − 0)
𝑦 + 4 = 2𝑥
𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟎

𝑇𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙, 𝑤𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 (0; 4) Key concept

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙

−1 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 = −1
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
−1 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡
=
2
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑠
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
1
𝑦 − −4 = − (𝑥 − 0)
2

2𝑦 + 8 = −𝑥
[Award 5
𝟐𝒚 + 𝒙 + 𝟖 = 𝟎
marks]

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15. (a) 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 VOICE OF

7 1
( ) = (1 𝑘 ) ( ) THE
2 0 1 2 PROFESSOR
(VOP)
7
( ) = (1 + 𝑘 )
2 2
∴ 7 = 1+𝑘
7−1 =𝑘 [Award 3
𝟔=𝒌 marks]
∴ 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝟔

Points to note

 Shear is the only transformation with one zero.

 Shear parallel to the x-axis means x-axis

invariant or in the y-direction henceon the
operator, the x-direction doesn’t have the shear
factor.
1 𝑘)
 Hence the operator is (
0 1

 However, do not confuse this with stretch. In

stretch, parallel to the x-axis means y-axis
invariant or in the x-direction

(b(i) Method 1
(3; 5)

(−3; 1) 1 (3; 1)
−3 3

1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑏ℎ
2
1
= 𝐴𝐵. 𝐵𝐶
2
𝐴𝐵 = √(−3 − 3)2 + (1 − 1)2
=6
𝐵𝐶 = √(3 − 3)2 + (5 − 1)2
=4
1
∴ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑏ℎ [Award 2
2
1 marks]
= ×6×4
2
= 𝟏𝟐 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔𝟐

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(b) (i)Method 2: using vector cross product VOICE OF

𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 THE
−3 3 3 PROFESSOR
𝑂𝐴 = ( ) 𝑂𝐵 = ( ) 𝑂𝐶 = ( )
1 1 5 (VOP)

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 1: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑒: 𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 − 𝑂𝐴
3 −3
= ( )−( )
1 1
6
=( )
0
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐴
3 −3
= ( )−( )
5 1
6
=( )
4

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 2: 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆

= ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 × 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = |𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶 |
2
1 6 6
= |( ) × ( )
2 0 4
1
= (|6 × 4 − (0 × 6)|)
2
1
= × |24| [Award 2
2
= 𝟏𝟐 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔𝟐 marks]
=

(b)(i) Method 3: Using vector cross product(The Direct

Method)
𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠
−𝟑
𝑶𝑨 = ( )
𝟏
𝟑 𝟑
𝑶𝑩 = ( ) 𝑶𝑪 = ( )
𝟏 𝟓

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 1: 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 1 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 = |−3 3 3 |
1 1 5

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 2: 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆

= ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 × 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡

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VOICE OF
THE
1 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ||−3 3 3 || PROFESSOR
2
1 1 5 (VOP)
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 1𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑜𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥
+ − +
1
= [+(3 × 5 − 1 × 3) − (−3 × 5 − 1 × 3) + (−3 × 1 − 1 × 3)]
2
1
= |(|12 + 18 − 6|)|
2
1
= (|24|)
2 [Award 2
= 𝟏𝟐 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔𝟐 marks]

(b) (ii) 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

4 1 −3 3 3 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 = ( )( ) = 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
2 3 1 1 5
× 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
(4 × −3 + 1 × 1) (4 × 3 + 1 × 1) (4 × 3 + 1 × 5)
=( )
(2 × −3 + 3 × 1) (2 × 3 + 3 × 1) (2 × 3 + 3 × 5)

−11 13 17
=( )
−3 9 21
∴ 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆
𝑨′ (−𝟏𝟏; −𝟑)
𝑩′ (𝟏𝟑; 𝟗)
𝑪′ (𝟏𝟕; 𝟐𝟏) [Award 4
marks]

(b)(iii) 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 =

𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑨′ 𝐵′ 𝑪′ = 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝑴 × 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝑩𝑪
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑨′ 𝐵′ 𝑪′
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝒃(𝒊), 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏𝟐𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝟐 = 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝑴
× 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝑩𝑪
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 1: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡
4 1
𝑀=( )
2 3
det(𝑀) = 4 × 3 − 2 × 1
= 10

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 2: 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 [Award 2

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑨′ 𝐵′ 𝑪′ = 10 × 12 marks]
= 120 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2

23 | P a g e Important message: Jesus is coming again

To God be the glory
 The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

𝑑𝑦 VOICE OF
16. (a) 𝑑𝑥
∝ 20 − 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 THE
= 𝑘 (20 − 𝑦) PROFESSOR
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 (VOP)
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, =1
𝑑𝑥 Substitute the
∴ 1 = 𝑘 (20 − 0) given
1 conditions to
=𝑘
20 find k, the
𝑛𝑜𝑤 constant of
𝑑𝑦 1
= (20 − 𝑦) variation.
𝑑𝑥 20
𝒅𝒚 [award 32
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓(𝟐𝟎 − 𝒚) (𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒏)
𝒅𝒙 marks]

𝑑𝑦
(b) 𝑑𝑥
= 0.05(20 − 𝑦)
𝑑𝑦 = 0.05(20 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥
1 Separate
𝑑𝑦 = 0.05𝑑𝑥
20 − 𝑦 variables and
1 integrate
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 0.05𝑑𝑥
20 − 𝑦
− ln(20 − 𝑦) = 0.05𝑥 + 𝑐
ln(20 − 𝑦) = −0.05𝑥 − 𝑐
𝑒 𝑙𝑛(20−𝑦) = 𝑒 −0.05𝑥−𝑐
20 − 𝑦 = 𝑒 −0.05𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 −𝑐
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑒 𝑐 = 𝐴
∴ 20 − 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 −0.05𝑥
𝑦 = 20 − 𝐴𝑒 −0.05𝑥 (𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥=0
0 = 20 − 𝐴𝑒 −0.05(0)
𝐴 = 20
[Award 6
−𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝒙
∴ 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎𝒆 (𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏) marks]

(c) 𝑦 = 20 − 20𝑒 −0.05𝑥

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 10
𝑦 = 20 − 20𝑒 −0.05(10) [Award 2
= 7.86938680 marks]
= 7.87

(d) 𝑦 = 20 − 20𝑒 −0.05(∞)

𝑦 = 20 − 0
𝑦 = 20
𝑨𝒔 𝒙 𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆, 𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝟐𝟎 [Award 1
mark]

24 | P a g e Important message: Jesus is coming again

To God be the glory
 The trotter N 2021 P1 A Level mathematics suggested marking guide 0774998145

Dear Reader
CONSTRUCTIVE FEEDBACK ON THE LAYOUT AND ANY ERRORS AND OMISSIONS IS
ALWAYS WELCOME
ENJOY YOUR STUDIES
BY T. HWATIRERA (THE TROTTER) 0774998145
thwatirera@gmail.com
There is a strategy in everything we do.
We sink black! Siyaqeda umdlalo! Tinobatanidza masports!

MATHEW 19:26 But Jesus looked at them and said, “With men this is impossible, but with God all
things are possible.”

25 | P a g e Important message: Jesus is coming again

To God be the glory