LECTURE NOTE #1 LC OSCILLATIONS 01/11/2023

𝑎 = −𝜔2 𝑥
𝑑2 𝑥
+ 𝜔2 𝑥 = 0 … … 𝑥̈ + 𝜔2 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑘
−𝑘𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎 … . 𝑚𝑎 + 𝑘𝑥 = 0 … 𝑎 + ( ) 𝑥 = 0
𝑚

LC oscillations:
1 2
1 𝑄
𝑈𝐸 = 𝐶𝑉 = 2
2
2 𝐶

𝑈 = 𝑈𝐸 + 𝑈𝐵
1 𝑞2 1 2
𝑈= + 𝐿𝐼
2𝐶 2
𝑑𝑈 1 𝑑𝑞 𝐿 𝑑𝐼
= × 2𝑞 + × 2𝐼
𝑑𝑡 2𝐶 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑈 𝑞 𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝐼
= + 𝐿𝐼
𝑑𝑡 𝐶 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑞 𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝐼
+ 𝐿𝐼 = 0
𝐶 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑞 𝑑𝐼
𝐼 + 𝐿𝐼 = 0
𝐶 𝑑𝑡
𝑞 𝑑𝐼
+𝐿 =0
𝐶 𝑑𝑡
𝑑2 𝑞 𝑞
𝐿 + =0
𝑑𝑡 2 𝐶

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LECTURE NOTE #1 LC OSCILLATIONS 01/11/2023

𝑑2 𝑞 1
2
+( )×𝑞 =0
𝑑𝑡 𝐿𝐶
𝑑2 𝑥
+ 𝜔2 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑡 2
1 1
𝜔2 = …..𝜔 =
𝐿𝐶 √𝐿𝐶
2𝜋 1 1
= …𝑓 =
𝑇 √𝐿𝐶 2𝜋√𝐿𝐶

𝑞 = 𝑞0 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙). . 𝑞0 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑑𝑞
𝐼= = −𝜔𝑞0 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙)
𝑑𝑡
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝑚 = 𝜔𝑞0
𝑑𝑞
𝐼= = −𝐼𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙)
𝑑𝑡
𝐴𝑡 𝑡 = 0, 𝑞 = 𝑞0 , 𝐼 = 0
𝑞 = 𝑞0 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙)
𝑞0 = 𝑞0 cos(0 + 𝜙)
1 = cos 𝜙 … 𝜙 = 0
----------------------------------------

𝑞 = 𝑞0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡
𝐼 = −𝐼𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡
1 𝑞2
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑈𝐸 =
2𝐶
1 𝑞02
𝑈𝐸 = (𝑞0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡)2 = cos 2 𝜔𝑡
2𝐶 2𝐶
1 2
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 , 𝑈𝐵 = 𝐿𝐼
2
𝐿 𝐿
𝑈𝐵 = (−𝐼𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡)2 = × 𝐼𝑚
2
sin2 𝜔𝑡
2 2
𝐿
𝑈𝐵 = × (𝜔𝑞0 )2 sin2 𝜔𝑡
2
𝐿
𝑈𝐵 = × 𝜔2 𝑞02 sin2 𝜔𝑡
2
𝐿 1 2 2 𝑞02
𝑈𝐵 = × 𝑞0 sin 𝜔𝑡 … … 𝑈𝐵 = sin2 𝜔𝑡
2 𝐿𝐶 2𝐶

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LECTURE NOTE #1 LC OSCILLATIONS 01/11/2023

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑈 = 𝑈𝐸 + 𝑈𝐵

𝑞02 2
𝑞02 2
𝑞02
𝑈= cos 𝜔𝑡 + sin 𝜔𝑡 =
2𝐶 2𝐶 2𝐶

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LECTURE NOTE #1 LC OSCILLATIONS 01/11/2023

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LECTURE NOTE #1 LC OSCILLATIONS 01/11/2023

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 LECTURE NOTE #1 LC OSCILLATIONS 01/11/2023

Exercise #1
For the following figure, the capacitor is initially charged when S1 is open and
S2 is closed. Switch S1 is then thrown closed at the same instant S2 is opened
so that the capacitor is connected directly across the inductor.
(a) Find the frequency of oscillation.

1 1
𝑓= = = 1 𝑀𝐻𝑧
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶 2𝜋√2.81 × 10−3 × 9 × 10−12

(b) What are the maximum values of charge on the capacitor and current in
the circuit?
𝑄 = 𝑞0 = 9 × 10−12 × 12 = 108 × 10−12 𝐶
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝑚 = 𝜔𝑞0 = 2𝜋𝑓 × 𝑞0 = 6.79 × 10−4 𝐴

(c) Determine the charge and current as a function of time.

−12
𝑞 = 𝑞0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡 = (108 × 10 𝐶) cos(2𝜋 × 106 𝑡)
𝐼 = −𝐼𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡 = −(6.79 × 10−4 𝐴)sin(2𝜋 × 106 𝑡)

(d) What is the total energy stored in the circuit?

𝑞02
𝑈= = 6.48 × 10−10 𝐽
2𝐶

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