Professional Documents
Culture Documents
www.SapTerp10.com
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
1)
1)
2)
3)
Procurement Cycle
5)
Material
Planning
7)
Manufacturing
Execution
9)
Sales
Order
Management
11)
ERP
Financials
Financials
Accounting
(FI)
15)
Management
Accounting-Controlling
-
CO
20)
Inventory
and
Warehouse
Management
/
Stock
Transfer
and
Transfer
Posting
23)
Enterprise
asset
management
and
customer
service
27)
Program
and
Project
Management
31)
Human
Capital
Management
/
HCM
Structures
35)
Business
Intelligence
/
Business
Information
Warehouse
Abbreviations
used:
WWW.SAPTERP10.COM
2013
www.sapTerp10.com
SEM
Information
Integration
(SAP
Business
Intelligence)
Process
Integration
(SAP
Exchange
Infrastruct)
Application
Platform
Portal
infrastructure
Collaboration
Multi
channel
Access
Business
Intelligence
Knowledge
Management
Master
Data
Management
Integration
Broker
Business
Process
Management
Support
J2EE
Support
JAVA
DB
&
OS
abstraction
The central component of the Application Platform is the SAP Web Application Server (SAP Web AS)
Multilevel architecture
High
scalability
The functions of the different SAP systems (such as SAP ECC, SAP CRM) can be divided into two categories:
Basis functions: are very similar in the various SAP systems. Are provided by the SAP WebAS, which is a further development of the classic SAP Basics.
Client
Company
Code
Controlling
area
Plant
Storage
Location
Sales
area
Purchasing
organiz
Master
data
Master
data:
data
which
is
used
long-term
in
the
SAP
system
for
several
business
processes
and
ensures
NO
redundancy
of
data
in
the
system.
Master
data
has
an
organizational
aspect
as
the
information
is
organized
into
VIEWS
which
are
assigned
to
organizational
elements.
EX:
Customer
master
=
3
views:
(Client):
General
data
-
(Company
code):
Financial
Accounting
data
-
(Sales
Area):
Sales
data
Transactions:
application
programs
which
execute
business
processes
in
the
SAP
system
such
as
creating
a
customer
order;
posting
an
incoming
payment,
etc.
Document:
a
data
record
that
is
generated
when
a
transaction
is
carried
out.
Every
transaction
creates
a
document
which
contains
all
relevant
pre-defined
information
from
the
master
data
and
organizational
elements
assigned.
Reporting
solutions
OLAP:
online
analytical
processing:
optimized
for
query.
(Informative
environment)
OLTP:
online
transaction
processing:
optimized
for
transaction
processes.
(Operating
environment)
SAP
BW:
enable
the
analysis
of
data
from
operative
SAP
applications
as
well
as
all
other
bus.
applic.
and
external
data
sources
such
as
databases,
online
servs,
internet.
www.sapTerp10.com
SAP
PLM
is
used
in
tight
collaboration
with
SAP
CRM
and
SCM.
Document
is
made
up
of
a
document
info
record
and
the
original
that
belong
to
it.
Documents
Info
Record:
Functions:
Version
management,
Status
management,
Classification,
Secure
storage
areas
Purpose
:
Can
be
linked
to
other
objects
in
order
to
make
the
original
information
available
to
these
objects
(Material,
Equipment,
Functional
location,
Purchase
requisition,
Document,
WBS
element,
PRT,
QM
info
record,
Purchase
order,
Change
number,
Network
operation,
Production
order,
Customer,
Sales
document
item,
etc.)
Allows
to
view
and
manage
originals
Controls
the
process
flow.
Integration
in
ECC
through
object
links
*
Interfaces
to
external
systems
(PLM
interface
+
ArciveLink
interface)*
DMS
allows
easy
way
to
handle
documents.
PLM
Interface:
Third
party
CAD-CAx
systems,
Office
appl,
GIS,
Class.System
are
connected
to
SAP
ERP
using
PLM
interface.
Third
party
archiving
systems
are
connected
by
using
the
ArchiveLink
interface.
Bidirectional
data
exchange
with
third
party
systems.
Standard
BAPI
and
RFC
technology.
Transfer
data
with
or
without
a
GUI:
The
Easy
DMS
interface
is
a
tool
for
creating
and
changing
docs
without
an
SAP
GUI.
(SAP
is
invisible)
(BAPI,
RFC,
Java
connectors).
Classification
enables
flexible
searching.
Also
as
a
Variant
configuration
and
Batch
management
Create
characteristics
and
allowed
values.
Maintain
classes
and
assign
characteristics
to
them.
Create
objects
and
assign
classes
to
them
(also
assign
characteristic
values
for
this
object).
Search
for
objects
by
specifying
the
class
to
which
it
belongs
and
then
specifying
the
values
for
the
charact.
of
the
class.
The
classifications
take
place:
Configurable
material:
is
a
product
that
can
be
made
in
several
variants.
(is
not
a
finished
product)
Are
all
materials
in
a
BOM
always
used
to
produce
an
item
that
the
BOM
represents?
No.
In
the
case
of
configurable
materials,
the
BOM
mentions
all
the
materials
for
all
variants.
Thus
some
of
the
materials
will
be
used
only
in
some
variants.
Dependencies
is
a
feature
used
to
select
the
materials
and
operations
for
a
specific
variant
of
a
configurable
material.
Change
Number
Header
(general
info
--
date,
validity,
status)
(No
items)
Object
types
Object
management
records
(Actual
objects
affected)
Other
info
(accompanying
docs,
Classification
--
facilitates
search
for
changes,
alternate
dates
for
individual
objects)
The ECR/ECO unlike change master record has a status network that enables change processes to be requested, checked, and released.
www.sapTerp10.com
Procurement
Cycle
Client
Company
Code
Plant
oo
|
1
Storage Location
Organizational
Levels
oo
|
oo
1
|
1
Purchasing
Organization
*
Purchasing
Group
Master
data
in
Procurement:
Material
Master
Data/record:
Used
by
all
Logistic
modules.
(The
integration
of
all
material
data
in
a
single
database
object
prevents
the
problem
of
data
redundancy).
its
subdivided
into
information
grouped
by
user
departments
(functions)
that
manage
the
modules,
so
each
one
has
a
different
VIEW
of
the
material
master
record
and
is
responsible
for
maintaining
the
data
to
support
their
function.
The
data
maintained
within
a
view
may
be
valid
for
more
that
on
Organizational
level.
For
example
the
Views:
Basic
Data
applicable
to
the
entire
company
->
Client:
product
description,
material
#,
material
group,
unit
of
measure
Purchasing
data
for
orders
->
relevant
to
the
Plant
Inventory
Mgt
data
for
posting
goods
movements
and
managing
physical
inventory
Accounting
data
for
material
valuation
upon
goods
movements
or
in
invoice
verification.->
is
relevant
to
the
Company
Code
Materials
Planning
data
for
material
requirements
planning
(MRP)
and
Execution
(Work
Scheduling)
->
is
relevant
to
the
Plant
Vendor
Master
Data
It
contains
information
about
a
vendor
from
a
Purchasing
(Material
Management)
and
Accounting
(Financial
Accounting)
perspective.
It
controls
how
transaction
data
is
posted
and
processed
for
a
vendor.
Also,
it
contains
all
the
data
you
require
to
do
business
with
your
vendors.
In
Accounting,
the
vendor
is
regarded
as
the
companys
crediting
business
partner.
The
vendor
master
record
is
therefore
maintained
by
Accounting
+
Purchasing
Data
is
structured
by
organizational
levels:
CLIENT
=
GENERAL
DATA:
valid
for
the
whole
corporate
group.
(address,
bank
account,
etc)
COMPANY
CODE
=
COMPANY
CODE
DATA:
(ACCOUNTING
data,
payment
transactions,
tax)
Each
PURCHASING
ORG
=
PURCHASING
ORG.
DATA
(payment
conditions,
etc)
Vendor data
Texts
Conditions
Are
used
in
purchase
orders
to
determine
price.
Type
of
conditions
in
Purchasing:
In
a
Contract:
apply
to
all
contract
release
orders
created
with
reference
to
this
contract.
In
a
Purchasing
Info
record:
apply
to
all
purchase
order
items
that
contain
the
material
and
vendor
contained
in
the
purchasing
info
record.
Extended
conditions:
are
only
included
in
the
purchase
order
if
it
meets
certain
criteria.
They
are
flexible.
For
ex.
To
define
vendor
discounts
or
include
discounts
for
a
material
type.
SEE
PROCUREMENT
PROCESS
DIAGRAM
www.sapTerp10.com
Reporting
Standard
reports
enable
evaluation
of
documents
and
master
data.
Parameters
that
control
the
information
presented
in
a
purchasing
report
list
Selection
criteria
(ROWS)
Selection
parameter
determines
which
purchasing
documents
are
analyzed
by
the
report
(COLLUMNS)
Scope
of
list
parameter
determines
which
data
is
displayed
for
a
selected
document
List
Viewer
and
ALV
Grid
Control:
standardize
and
simplify
the
handling
of
lists
Uniform
design
of
all
lists
and
tables
Key
elements
Cross
application,
standardized
function
with
uniform
icons
Simple
creation
and
changing
of
layouts
(display
variants)
Choose
detail
Set
filter:
display
lines
with
certain
criteria
Sort:
ascending;
descending
order
Functions
Add
values
create
totals
Create
subtotals
Layout:
change
the
appearance
of
the
list
(LIS)
Logistics
Information
System
The
following
application-specific
information
systems
are
available
under
LIS
SIS
(Sales
Information
System)
PURCHIS
(Purchasing
Information
System)
INVCO
(Inventory
Controlling)
TIS
(Transportation
Information
System)
SFIS
(Shop
Floor
Information
System)
QMIS
(Quality
Management
Information
System)
PMIS
(Plant
Maintenance
Information
System)
How
Information
Structures
are
organized
The
Purchasing
Information
System
is
based
on
information
structure
which
contains
3
basic
types
of
information:
Characteristics:
criteria
used
for
collecting
data
on
a
subject
(Ex:
vendor;
customer)
Period
unit:
(Ex:
day;
week;
month)
Key
Figures:
are
performance
measures;
quantitative
information
based
on
measurable
facts
and
are
updated
for
each
characteristic
combination
and
periodicity.
Standard
Analyses:
Graphically
supported
Flexible
analyses:
allow
to
determine
the
way
in
which
data
should
be
combined
in
an
individual
report
procurement.
Combine characteristics and key figures from different information structures in one list
Use your own formulas to calculate new key figures from existing ones
www.sapTerp10.com
Material
Planning
oo
|
1
oo
|
Storage
Location
1
Client
Company
Code
Plant
Organizational
Levels
oo
|
1
Master
data
in
Material
Planning
Material
BOM
Routing
Material
Master
Data/record:
Represents
the
central
source
for
releasing
material-specific
data.
Used
by
all
Logistic
modules.
(The
integration
of
all
material
data
in
a
single
database
object
prevents
the
problem
of
data
redundancy).
its
subdivided
into
information
grouped
by
user
departments
(functions)
that
manage
the
modules,
so
each
one
has
a
different
VIEW
of
the
material
master
record
and
is
responsible
for
maintaining
the
data
to
support
their
function.
The
data
maintained
within
a
view
may
be
valid
for
more
that
on
Organizational
level.
For
example
the
Views:
Basic
Data
applicable
to
the
entire
company
(Client):
product
description,
material
#,
material
group,
unit
of
measure
Purchasing
data
for
orders
->
relevant
to
the
Plant
Inventory
Mgt
data
for
posting
goods
movements
and
managing
physical
inventory
Accounting
data
for
material
valuation
upon
goods
movements
or
in
invoice
verification.->
is
relevant
to
the
Plant
Materials
Planning
data
for
material
requirements
planning
(MRP)
and
Execution
(Work
Scheduling)
->
is
relevant
to
the
Plant
Material type:
Raw materials
Operating supplies
Semi-finished products
Finished
products
Its
the
most
important
value
assigned
to
a
material.
Materials
with
similar
basic
attributes
are
grouped
together
by
material
type.
This
means
you
can
manage
your
materials
according
to
their
business
requirements.
The
material
type
attached
to
product
identifies/determines/controls:
Material # assignment
The
BOM
contains
the
assemblies
or
components
that
are
to
be
included
in
the
production
of
a
material.
BOMs
are
used
in:
MRP,
production,
procurement,
product
costing.
A
BOM
consist
of
a
BOM
header
and
the
BOM
items.
The
base
quantity
in
the
BOM
header
specifies
to
which
amount
of
the
finished
product
the
item
quantities
refer.
An
item
of
a
BOM
can
itself
also
contain
a
further
BOM
In
this
way,
multilevel
production
is
described
using
the
single-level
BOMs
of
the
finished
product
and
those
of
the
assemblies
and
where
required,
using
the
BOMs
of
the
assemblies
of
and
so
on.
Does
SAP
directly
support
multi-level
BOMs?
No.
These
are
represented
through
several
single-level
BOMs
A
BOM
can
contain
documents
or
text
items.
BOM structure:
www.sapTerp10.com
Operations,
Operation
Sequences
Usage
Time
elements
(and
base
quantity:
for
ex.
10
min.
per
1
pc.)
relevant
for
scheduling
operations.
Work
Centers
which
these
operations
are
to
be
executed.
Component
allocations
Routing
can
be
transferred
to
SAP
APO
(Advanced
Planning
and
Optimization)
in
the
form
of
production
process
models
(PPMs)
A
routing
can
be
defined
using
the
routing
group
and
the
group
counter.
SEE
MATERIAL
PLANNING
DIAGRAM
www.sapTerp10.com
Manufacturing
Execution
Production
types
supported
by
ERP
Operations:
Kanban: Replenishment-controlled using stock transfer, external procurement, in-house prod. Via self-controlled control cycle.
oo
Client
|
Company
Code
1
Plant
Storage Location
Organizational
Levels
Highest
organizational
element)
(defined
in
the
system
by
a
3
digit
key
oo
Represents
an
independent
accounting
unit.
Balance
sheet
and
P/L
statements,
required
by
law
are
created
at
this
level.
|
oo
1
Several
plants
can
be
affiliated
with
one
company
code,
but
a
plant
can
only
have
one
company
code.
|
Are
completely
independent
org.
units
with
separate
Inventory
Mgt
(=>can
belong
to
<>
plants,
you
can
use
the
same
storage
location
1
number
in
more
than
one
plant).
BOM:
Basic
Data
applicable
to
the
entire
company
(Client):
product
description,
material
#,
material
group,
unit
of
measure
Purchasing
data
for
orders
->
relevant
to
the
Plant
Inventory
Mgt
data
for
posting
goods
movements
and
managing
physical
inventory
Accounting
data
for
material
valuation
upon
goods
movements
or
in
invoice
verification.->
is
relevant
to
the
Plant
Materials
Planning
data
for
material
requirements
planning
(MRP)
and
Execution
(Work
Scheduling)
->
is
relevant
to
the
Plant
The
BOM
contains
the
assemblies
or
components
that
are
to
be
included
in
the
production
of
a
material.
BOMs
are
used
in:
MRP,
production,
procurement,
product
costing.
A
BOM
consist
of
a
BOM
header
and
the
BOM
items.
The
base
quantity
in
the
BOM
header
specifies
to
which
amount
of
the
finished
product
the
item
quantities
refer.
An
item
of
a
BOM
can
itself
also
contain
a
further
BOM
In
this
way,
multilevel
production
is
described
using
the
single-level
BOMs
of
the
finished
product
and
those
of
the
assemblies
and
where
required,
using
the
BOMs
of
the
assemblies
of
and
so
on.
Does
SAP
directly
support
multi-level
BOMs?
No.
These
are
represented
through
several
single-level
BOMs
A
BOM
can
contain
documents
or
text
items.
BOM
structure:
Header:
settings
that
apply
for
the
whole
BOM
o Material
o Plant
o Usage:
determines
the
business
applications
for
which
a
BOM
can
be
used
o Status:
controls
whether
the
BOM
is
active
for
particular
applications
o Description
o Validity
o Lot
size
area
o Base
Quantity
(q
of
finished
product
the
item
q
refers)
Items:
components
necessary
for
the
production
of
the
finished
product.
o Item
category:
specifies
what
kind
of
item
you
are
dealing
with.
Influence
the
processing
of
the
component
Stock
item:
executed
in
the
warehouse
and
used
in
production
/
must
have
a
material
master
Non
stock
item:
directly
assigned
to
a
manufacturing
order
(not
via
the
warehouse)
/
dont
need
material
master
(and
its
number)
Variable
size
item
Documents
item
(design
or
diagram)
Text
item
Class
item
Intra
material
o Descriptions
o Quantity
o Control
data
Multi
level
BOM
structure
is
exploded
automatically
by
MRP
and
Product
Cost
Planning.
Work
Center
www.sapTerp10.com
An
organizational
unit
that
defines
where
and
when
an
operation
must
be
performed.
The
work
center
has
an
available
capacity.
Work
centers
can
be:
-
Machines
-
People
-
Production
lines
Difference
between
cost
center
and
work
center
Cost
center
is
place
where
you
incur
your
costs.
Work
center
is
a
place
where
an
operation
is
performed
by
a
person/machine
(group).
Link
between
them:
The
activities
performed
at
or
by
the
work
center
are
valuated
using
charge
rates
which
are
defined/determined
by
cost
centers
and
activity
types.
The
resource-related
data
is
maintained
on
several
screens
views:
Maintained
on
Plant
level
Name
and
description
Person
or
group
responsible
for
the
maintenance
of
the
master
data
of
this
resource
Basic
data
Task
list
usage:
specify
the
task
list
types
(routing,
master
recipe,
equipment
task
list,
inspection
plans)
in
which
the
resource
can
be
used.
Standard
value
key:
are
planned
values
for
the
execution
of
an
operation.
EX:
setup
time,
machine
time,
personnel
time.
Standard
values
are
used
in
costing,
scheduling
and
capacity
requirements
planning
in
order
to
calculate
costs,
execution
times
and
capacity
requirements.
For
the
operation
to
be
executed
at
a
resource.
By
entering
default
values
you
reduce
the
effort
necessary
in
editing
operations,
since
the
values
are
stored
centrally
and
you
do
not
need
to
enter
them
in
each
operation.
Default
Control
key:
how
an
operation
is
to
be
processed
in
a
task
list.
Examples
of
such
keys
and
indictors
are:
Scheduling:
If
you
set
this
indicator,
the
system
carries
out
scheduling
for
an
operation.
Capacity
planning:
If
you
set
this
indicator,
the
system
creates
capacity
requirement
records
for
the
operation.
values
Standard
text
key
Wage
data
Is
assigned
to
a
resource
to
link
the
resource
to
cost
accounting
and
can
now
carry
out
product
and
order
costing.
Cost
center
Activity
types:
define
specific
output
for
the
resource.
Formula
key:
to
calculate
costs,
execution
times
and
capacity
requirements
of
phases
carried
out
at
a
resource.
available
Calculate
the
execution
of
an
operation
during
process
order
scheduling.
Capacities
Formula
key:
to
calculate
costs,
execution
times
and
capacity
requirements
of
phases
carried
out
at
a
resource.
calculate
the
execution
of
an
operation
during
process
order
scheduling
Scheduling
Formula
key:
to
calculate
costs,
execution
times
and
capacity
requirements
of
phases
carried
out
at
a
resource.
People
HR
Positions
assignment
Qualifications
Routings:
Routings
contain
the
list
the
sequence
of
steps
for
producing
a
material,
that
is:
Operations,
Operation Sequences
Usage
Time elements (and base quantity: for ex. 10 min. per 1 pc.) relevant for scheduling operations.
Component
allocations
Routing
(and
BOM)
can
be
transferred
to
SAP
APO
(Advanced
Planning
and
Optimization)
in
the
form
of
production
process
models
(PPMs)
A
routing
can
be
defined
using
the
routing
group
and
the
group
counter.
Routings
and
Work
Centers:
www.sapTerp10.com
Kanban: Replenishment-controlled using stock transfer, external procurement, in-house prod. via self-controlled control cycle.
Organizational
Levels
Highest
organizational
element)
(defined
in
the
system
by
a
3
digit
key
Client
Represents
an
independent
accounting
unit.
Balance
sheet
and
P/L
statements,
required
by
law
are
created
at
this
level.
Company
Code
oo
oo
It
d
efines
the
distribution
channel;
a
sales
organization
uses
to
sell
products
from
a
certain
division.
|
Each
SD
document
is
assigned
to
exactly
one
sales
area.
We
use
it
to
select
master
data
when
processing
sales
orders.
Also
select
$
+
discounts
|
1
Is
the
highest
level
organizational
elements
in
SD
(Logistics)
.
1
Sales
Sales
Org.
1-
oo
CC.
You
maintain
own
master
data.
In
sales
statistics,
is
the
highest
level.
oo
Organization
Is
responsible
for:
Sales
oo
Distributing
goods
and
services
Area
|
Negotiating
sales
conditions
|
combina
tion
of
oo
|
1
Distribution
Channel
oo
Division
|
oo
Plant
oo
|
1
Storage
Location
Shipping
point
Customer
Customer-material
Info
record
Material
Output
(mail,
EDI,
fax)
Condition
(EX:
automatic
pricing
/
customer
discount)
Customer master: The customer master groups data into categories: (views)
General
data:
relevant
for
the
SD
and
for
Accounting.
Valid
for
all
org.
units
(Client
level).
Sales
Area
data:
relevant
for
SD.
Valid
for
the
sales
area
(sales
org.-dist.
channel-division).
Here
we
store
the
mandatory
partner
functions
for
the
customer
master
during
the
sales
order
processing:
o Sold-to-party:
places
the
order
o Shipto-party:
receives
goods
or
services
o Bill-to-party:
receives
the
invoice
for
goods
or
services
o Payer:
is
responsible
for
paying
the
invoice
Company
Code
data:
is
relevant
for
Accounting.
Valid
for
all
org.
units
(CC
level).
Basic
data1:
Sales
org.
data:
Sales
plant
data:
Purchasing:
www.sapTerp10.com
is
relevant
for
the
entire
company
(Client):
product
description,
material
#,
material
group,
unit
of
measure
is
relevant
for
SD.
It
is
valid
for
the
respective
Sales
org.
and
the
Dist.
Ch.
is
relevant
for
SD.
It
is
valid
for
the
respective
Delivery
plant.
is
relevant
for
MM.
It
is
valid
for
the
Delivery
plant.
Customer-material
Info
Record
master:
You
can
use
the
customer-
material
information
to
record
data
for
a
combination
of
certain
customers
and
materials
when
processing
a
document
(order,
delivery).
It
is
not
obligatory
for
Sales.
The
data
that
can
be
maintained
are:
Cross-reference
from
your
customers
material
number
to
your
material
number
and
the
customers
material
description.
Specific
shipping
information
for
this
customer
and
material
(such
as
delivery
tolerances,
specifying
if
the
customer
accepts
partial
deliveries
or
the
default
delivering
plant).
Customer Group identifies a particular group of customers for the purpose of pricing or generating statistics.
The definition can be found by placing the cursor on the field and choosing the F1 function key or pressing the Help icon; or the definition can be found in the glossary.
Output
master:
is
information
that
is
sent
to
the
customer
using
various
media
(mail,
EDI,
FAX).
In
this
master
data
you
define:
Condition master:
Prices
Surcharges
&
Discount
Freight
Taxes
Order
to
cash
business
process
SEE
SALES
ORDER
MANAGEMENT
DIAGRAM
Reporting
and
analysis
tools
SIS
-
Sales
Information
System
belongs
to
SD.
With
SIS,
you
can
compress
data
from
sales
docs.
to
obtain
information
which
will
help
you
make
strategic
business
decisions.
SIS
contains
standard
analyses
as
well
as
flexible
analyses
to
help
you
evaluate
statistical
data.
Lists
and
reports:
2
categories:
Online list (provide data from documents / display documents / allow to review and change documents)
Worklists
(display
work
that
needs
to
be
processed
/
allow
to
organize
tasks
into
efficient
work
unit)
Information
structures:
(where
data
is
stored)
Characteristics
Time unit
Key
figures
Standard
analyses:
Helps
create
sophisticated
presentations
and
analyses
for
the
data.
The
analysis
is
based
on
the
information
structures.
In
the
first
step,
you
select
the
required
data
scope
according
to
the
characteristics
and
the
period
of
the
info
structure.
This
data
is
displayed
in
an
initial
list.
A
variety
of
drill-down
features
are
available
in
the
lists.
Each
analysis
can
be
saved.
Tools
to
analyze
data
include:
ABC analyses
Correlation
Classification
Dual
classification
The
analyses
can
be:
Printed
10
www.sapTerp10.com
The
General
Ledger
is
managed
at
company
code
level
and
from
this
the
Balance
sheets
required
by
the
legislator
as
well
as
the
P/L
statement
are
compiled.
The
assets
of
a
company
are
listed
in
the
Balance
sheet,
divided
into:
Assets
-
(application
of
funds)
Liabilities
-
(source
of
funds)
The
business
transactions
that
are
entered
in
MM
(material
stock)
or
in
Treasury,
flows
into
Balance
sheet
in
real
time.
The
component
Treasury
(TR)
focuses
on
functions
such
as
payment
means,
Treasury
Management,
loans
and
Market
Risk
Management.
The
aim
of
recording
business
transactions
is
to
create
a
Balance
sheet
and
P/L
Statement
in
the
sense
of
a
report.
Financial
Accounting
VS
Management
Accounting:
Goal
External
reporting
purposes
-
legal
reporting.
Balance
sheet
and
P/L
accounts
are
Internal
management
information
regarding
cost
and
revenues.
created
in
FI
with
general
accounting
standard
(US-GAAP
or
IAS)
Defined
by
law
for
compliance.
Legal
reporting
will
be
different
for
each
country.
Cost
and
Revenues
at
a
higher
level
(across
countries)
Level
Additional
account
assignment
with
specification
of
the
assignment
object
Integration
Direct
Relation.
Invoice
verification
accounts
payable
and
purchasing
//
GI
to
prod.
Order-GL
accounts
Organizational
Levels
Company
Code
Business
Areas
Controlling
Area
Its
an
independent
accounting
entity.
Does
not
usually
extend
across
national
boundaries.
Its
an
independent
accounting
entity.
You
should
create
a
Company
Code
according
to
tax
law,
commercial
law,
and
other
financial
accounting
criteria.
Company
Code
is
usually
created
based
on
geographic
considerations.
The
Company
Code
is
the
smallest
SAP
entity
that
supports
a
full
legal
set
of
books.
1
There
must
be
at
least
one
company
Code
in
the
production
environment
for
a
business
to
be
live.
Is
assigned
to
ONE
controlling
area.
Internal
purposes
to
create
Balance
sheet
and
Profit/Lost
statements
Facilitate
external
segment
reporting
across
CC,
covering
the
companys
main
areas
of
operation.
|
Can
run
across
many
CC.
You
can
make
postings
to
business
area
from
several
company
codes
because
they
are
generally
CC
independent.
Identifies
a
self-contained
org.
structure
for
which
Costs
and
Revenues
can
be
managed
and
allocated.
It
represents
a
separate
unit
of
cost
accounting.
One
or
more
company
codes
can
be
assigned
to
a
controlling
area,
which
enables
cross
company
cost
accounting
between
the
assigned
company
00
codes.
This
is
only
possible
if
company
codes
and
controlling
area
use
the
same
operating
chart
of
account
and
fiscal
calendar
year.
GL-
General
Ledger
Accounting
11
www.sapTerp10.com
Reconciliation
Accounts
and
Sub-Ledgers:
The
Reconciliation
account
can
post
only
through
a
subledger
account
(not
directly).
This
ensures
real-time
integration
of
a
subledger
account
with
the
general
ledger.
Benefits
of
the
New
General
Ledger:
-
Extended
data
structure:
allows
additional
fields.
-
Real
time
Document
split
(online
split)
(a
single
invoice
can
be
posted
to
multiple
segments).
-
Real
time
Integration
(Reconciliation)
between
CO
and
FI.
-
Parallel
accounting.
Multiple
books
can
be
maintained.
-
Contains
functions
that
unify
the
conventional
general
ledger
with
the
special
ledgers
components.
Posting
Key
(PK):
has
a
controlling
function
for
the
documents
item.
Each
document
line
item
contains
one
posting
key.
It
specifies
the
following:
Field
Status:
SUPRESS,
REQUIRED,
DISPLAY,
OPTIONAL
.Which
fields
of
the
line
item
may
have
or
require
an
entry
In
the
new
ENJOY
transaction
(FB50);
you
no
longer
need
to
enter
the
posting
key.
Account
Information:
The
balance
display
and
line
item
display
are
provides
to
display
the
account
data.
The
balance
display
is
an
overview
of
the
saved
transaction
figures
of
an
account.
From
the
line
item
list,
you
can
drill
down
to
the
document
overview.
Accounts
Payable
(Cuentas
por
pagar)
(Integration
of
procurement
cycle
(Procure-to-Pay
Process)
with
account
payable)
Vendor Master Record: contain all data about a vendor, this controls how transaction data is posted and processed.
Vendor
Level stored
Level stored
Level stored
Client
CC
Purch. Org.
Specific
information,
such
as
name,
address
Specific
data
to
purchasing
Procurement process from the accounting view - Integration with Materials Management
MM
Doc
Goods
Receipt
GR
Purchase
order
FI
Doc
FI
Doc
Invoice
IR
Pay
2
103
101
Storage location
MM
Doc
Documents generated
F
Q
X
105
Goods
receipt
area
MM
Doc
Consumption Raw
Stock Raw
Bank-Cash
FI
Doc
CO
Doc
Balance sheet
Vendor
Reconciliation
GR / IR
300
3000
3300
3300
3300
3300
3
3300
2
Libro mayor
auxiliar de
proveedores
Vendor
Subledger
3300
3300
A
Financial
document
is
created
when
goods
are
received
and
when
the
invoice
is
received,
but
not
when
the
purchase
order
is
created.
Account
Posting
1. Good
Receipt
:
Debit
Stock,
Credit
GR/IR
2. Invoice
Receipt:
Debit
GR/IR,
Credit
Vendor
3. Pay
Vendor:
Debit
Vendor,
Credit
Bank/Cash
If
the
invoice
$
differs
from
the
PO
$,
the
stock
value
and
the
current
mov.
price
is
recalcul.
and
updated
in
the
material
master,
for
a
material
valuated
with
moving
aver.
$
Work templates
Information
area
12
www.sapTerp10.com
Accounts
Receivable
(Integration
between
order
to
cash
cycle
and
accounts
receivable)
Customer master record: contain data that controls how transaction data is posted and processed.
Customer
Level stored
Level stored
Client
CC
specific
information,
such
as
name
address
us
Level stored
Sales
area
(Sales
org-Dist.Ch.-Div)
The
organizational
unit
for
credit
control
is
the
credit
control
area.
Can
be
assigned
to
individual
company
codes
(decentralized
organization)
or
to
a
group
of
company
codes
(centralized
organization).
A
credit
control
area
is
generally
managed
by
a
separate
credit
department,
which
is
divided
into
a
number
of
credit
representative
groups,
with
each
group
consisting
of
several
credit
representatives.
Credit
Represent.
groups
Company
Credit
Represent.
groups
Credit
Management
master
record:
The
credit
dept.
sets
up
a
separate
credit
mgt
master
record,
which
is
an
extension
of
the
customer
master
record,
so
that
data
relevant
to
credit
management
can
be
maintained
and
monitored.
The
credit
management
master
record
consists
of
the
following
sections:
General
data
(customers
address,
communication
data)
Credit
Credit
control
area
data
(credit
limit,
customers
risk
category)
Customer
Overview
(which
contain
the
most
important
data
from
all
sections)
Mgt
us
Credit
Control
Process:
us
When
the
order
is
placed,
a
check
is
run
(credit
control)
to
see
whether
the
customers
credit
limit
would
be
exceeded
if
the
order
were
to
be
accepted.
If
this
is
not
the
case,
the
sales
process
can
be
carried
out
the
usual
way.
If
the
credit
limit
is
exceeded,
the
order
is
blocked,
and
the
credit
department
has
to
act.
The
responsible
credit
representative
can
either
be
notified
automatically
via
mail.
Or
can
use
a
report
to
check
list
of
all
blocked
orders.
The
credit
representative
then
clarifies
the
situation,
either
by
using
credit
information
system,
or
by
calling
the
customer.
Once
clarification
has
been
made,
the
credit
representative
releases
the
order,
and
the
transaction
can
be
processed
in
SD.
If
the
credit
representative
decides
not
to
release
the
order,
the
order
is
rejected.
Sales
Process
&
integration:
Warehouse
Confirm
Pick
Quantity
Transfer Order
Pick Quantity
TO Transfer Request
Inquiry
Sales
Order
Quote
Delivery/
Shipping
Invoice/
Billing
Goods
Issue
Receive
Payment
10
Documents generated
MM FI
CO
Doc Doc Doc
MM FI CO-PA
Doc Doc Doc
FI
Doc
Inventory
Change
4000
1
Inventory
4000
1
Cash/Bank
Revenue
10000
3
10000
2
Customer
Reconciliation
10000
2
Customer
Sub-Ledger
10000
3
10000 10000
2
3
Auto
Sales
Sales
order
(SD)
No
document
(FI)
Shipping
Outbound
delivery
(SD)
Transfer
order
(picking)
Goods
issue
(MM)
(FI)
Billing
Billing
document
(SD)
Invoice
(FI)
Account Posting
1. Goods
Issue
:
Credit
Inventory,
Debit
Cost
of
goods
sold
(Inv.
Change)
2. Billing
a
customer
:
Credit
Revenue,
Debit
customer
(Reconc+Subdledger)
3. incoming
Payment:
Credit
Customer(Reconc+Subdledger),
Debit
Bank
account
On
the
day
of
shipping,
an
outbound
delivery
documents
is
created.
At
this
stage
the
effects
in
accounting
start
to
appear.
The
goods
to
be
delivered
are
posted
as
a
goods
issue.
A
GI
doc
is
created
in
MM,
When
the
billing
document
is
created
in
SD,
an
FI-accounting
document
that
debits
the
customer
and
credits
revenue
is
automatically
created
so
that
the
goods
issue
is
posted
to
the
correct
G/L
accounts.
The
accounting
documents
debits
cost
of
goods
sold
and
credit
inventory.
13
www.sapTerp10.com
The
last
stage
in
the
sales
process
is
billing.
A
billing
document
is
created
in
SD,
and
a
printed
invoice
is
sent
to
the
customer.
At
the
same
time,
a
document
is
created
in
FI
so
that
the
receivable
and
revenue
can
be
posted
to
the
correct
accounts.
The
accounting
document
debits
the
customer
and
credits
revenue.
Fixed
Asset
Accounting
Asset class: The asset class is the main criteria for defining the asset.
Each
asset
has
to
be
assigned
to
an
asset
class.
Ex.
Building:
Accounts
for
building.
Machinery:
account
for
machinery.
In
the
asset
class,
you
can
define
certain
control
parameters
and
default
values
for
depreciation
and
other
master
data.
You
can
create
asset
classes
for
intangible
assets
and
leased
assets.
The
application
component
PM
(Plant
Maintenance)
is
used
for
the
technical
management
of
assets.
The
application
component
TR
(treasury)
is
used
for
managing
financial
assets.
Asset
Transactions:
can
be
posted
in
various
ways.
In
FI-AA
you
can
post
the
following
ways:
Without
a
vendor
or
a
purchase
order
To
a
vendor,
but
without
reference
to
a
purchase
order
Via
materials
management
using
the
MM
functions
(purchase
order,
goods
receipt
and
invoice
receipt)
Transaction
type:
is
necessary
to
enable
the
asset
to
be
correctly
listed
in
the
asset
history
sheet.
Asset
explorer:
gives
a
clear
overview
of
the
activity
for
an
asset
per
depreciation
area
and
fiscal
year
for
planned
value,
posted
transactions,
posted
amounts,
posted
and
planned
depreciation,
and
depreciation
parameters.
Depreciation
Areas:
Often
asset
balances
and
transactions
need
to
be
valuated
differently
for
various
purposes.
To
keep
more
than
one
valuation
basis,
depreciation
areas
are
kept
in
the
system.
Depreciation
Run:
Only
after
the
depreciation
posting
run
has
been
completed
is
the
depreciation
actually
posted
in
asset
accounting
and
in
the
GL.
The
depreciation
is
posted
to
the
corresponding
depreciation
accounts
in
the
general
ledger
and
to
the
assigned
CO
cost
object
assigned
to
the
asset
master
record.
The
run
can
be
in
direct
or
batch
mode.
Prepare
Financial
Statements
To
support
legal
reporting
requirements,
currently
several
reports
meet
country-specific
requirements.
14
www.sapTerp10.com
Organizational
Levels
Is
the
basic
organizational
unit
in
CO-Management
Accounting.
Is
a
closed
entity
used
for
cost
accounting.
You
can
allocate
costs
only
within
a
controlling
area.
These
allocations
cannot
affect
(CO-OM/CO-PC/EC-PCA)
objects
in
other
controlling
areas.
oo
Multiple
Assignments:
You
can
assign
more
than
one
CC
to
a
controlling
area.
This
enables
controlling
across
company
codes.
The
controlling
area
and
its
company
code
must
use
the
same
operating
chart
of
accounts
and
the
same
fiscal
year.
|
Represents
the
structure
of
external
segments
for
the
enterprise.
You
can
assign
several
controlling
areas
to
each
operating
concern
Operating
Concern
(CO-PA)
so
you
can
analyze
them
together.
Profitability
analysis
(CO-PA)
is
used
with
Operating
Concern.
Company
Code
oo
1
Is
an
independent
accounting
unit.
Financial
and
P/L
statements
are
prepared
at
company
code
level
to
meet
legal
reporting
requirements.
Can
be
used
to
group
strategic
business
units
for
reporting
P/L
and
financial
statements
(not
suitable
for
auditing,
suitable
for
Business
Areas
|
reporting
purposes
only).
Business
areas
can
also
be
cross-company
code.
Represents
a
production
unit
and
is
the
central
organizational
unit
in
Materials
Management
and
Production
Planning.
Plant
(MM/PP)
1
A
Plant
is
assigned
to
a
company
code.
Is
an
organizational
unit
used
Materials
Management
Purchasing.
Purchasing
Organ.
(MM-PP)
Is
an
organizational
unit
used
in
Sales
Order
Management.
Sales
Organ.
(SD)
Controlling Area
In cross-company code cost accounting, the controlling area and the company code can have different currencies. You can use 3 currencies in CO:
15
www.sapTerp10.com
Standard
hierarchy
represents
all
Cost
Centers
per
Controlling
Area:
Only
1
standard
hierarchy.
The
cost
center
is
an
organizational
unit
in
a
Controlling
area
representing
a
clearly
delimited
location
where
costs
occur.
Cost
Center
Accounting
answers
the
question
of
where
costs
occur.
ABC
-Activity-based
Costing
answers
the
question
of
why
(for
what
purpose)
costs
occur.
Cost
centers
can
be
defined
according
to
several
different
design
approaches
(Ex:
low
level
unit
that
has
responsibility
for
managing
costs
/
geographic
location
/
activities
or
services
provided),
but
whichever
approach
is
selected,
it
should
be
consistent
throughout
the
enterprise.
Activity
Types:
Classifies
the
activities
performed
or
produced
by
a
cost
center
(ex.
Machine
Hour
Rate).
The
costs
of
these
resources
need
to
be
allocated
to
the
receivers
of
the
activity.
Activity
types
serve
as
tracing
factors
for
this
cost
allocation.
Activity
Document:
Activity
type,
Q.
(ex.
Consulting,
10
hs)
Relationship
between
Cost
Center/Activity
Type:
In
an
internal
direct
activity
allocation,
you
need
to
enter
Activity type
Cost center
Quantity
Prod /
Product
Group
Sales Info
Syst
Sales
Plan
CO-PA
vs
Forecast
Plan Quant
Sales
Plan
Additional Resources
Obtained or Sales
Plan changed
Non
SOP
HR
Assets
Accounting
Planned
Planned
personnel costs,
values
Activity
Scheduled
Cost Center
Plan can
In
the
Sales
Information
System
(SIS),
the
company
can
plan
sales
quantities
for
depreciation
Sales & Operation
Yes
Requirements
be met?
Activities
Planning
vs
(created in SOP)
Planning
a
product
or
product
group
level
for
the
following
year.
Similarly,
sales
quantity
planning
can
be
accomplished
in
Profitability
Analysis.
The
sales
plans
can
be
Production
Product
Plan Activity
Plan Activity
Cost
Cost
Resources
compared
with
one
another
so
that
a
single
forecast
can
be
transferred
to
SOP.
Cost
prices
Quantities
Planning
Center
Planning
A
capacity-based
comparison
of
plan
quantities
with
production
resources
then
Additional
takes
place
in
SOP.
If
the
plan
cannot
be
met,
additional
resources
must
be
Internal
activity
Orders
planning
obtained
or
the
sales
plan
must
be
changed.
Routing
BOM
The
activity
requirements
can
then
be
created
in
SOP
or
Long
Term
Overhead
Cost
Requirements
(LTP)
and
transferred
as
scheduled
activities
to
cost
center
Controlling
planning.
In
cost
center
planning,
the
plan
activity
quantities
are
created
on
the
basis
of
scheduled
quantities
from
SOP.
Cost
planning
is
performed
for
cost
centers
and
internal
orders,
as
well
as
additional
activity
planning
for
Overhead
Cost
Controlling.
Planned
costs
from
HR
and
Assets
can
be
transferred
to
cost
center
planning.
Plan
activity
prices
are
then
calculated.
The
calculated
plan
activity
prices
go
to
Product
Cost
Planning,
which
estimates
the
production
costs
of
the
planned
products
by
using
BOM
and
Routings.
The
costs
of
goods
manufactured
that
were
calculated
on
the
basis
of
the
sales
plan
are
then
transferred
to
CO-PA.
These
costs
are
used,
alongside
the
forecasted
revenues,
to
create
a
profit
plan.
You
can
use
the
results
of
this
plan
to
make
adjustments
to
the
original
sales
plan,
which
then
initiate
the
complete
integrated
planning
process
again.
16
Activity allocation
www.sapTerp10.com
Posting
from
FI
to
a
Cost
Center:
Activity
allocation
When
a
journal
entry
is
created
in
FI
that
includes
an
expense
line
item,
that
expense
can
be
posted
to
CO
as
a
cost
if:
A
primary
cost
element
has
been
created
in
CO
that
corresponds
to
the
expense
account
used
in
the
FI
journal
entry.
A
valid
controlling
object
(such
as
cost
center)
is
referenced
in
the
FI
line
item.
As
a
result
is
created
(each
document
has
a
unique
document
number):
1
FI
document
1
CO
document.
When
an
FI
documents
is
created
that
posts
to
an
expense
or
revenue
account
Having
a
corresponding
cost
element,
A
valid
controlling
object
(such
as
cost
center)
is
referenced
for
the
expense
line
item,
As
a
result
is
created:
1
CO
document.
This
CO
document
has
its
own
unique
number
and
contains
the
following
details:
Controlling
object
posted
to
Cost
element
used
Amount
When
a
primary
cost
is
initially
posted
to
in
CO,
it
is
treated
as
a
one-sided
journal
entry,
unlike
a
conventional,
balanced
financial
accounting
journal
entry.
Any
transactions
that
create
cost
movements
within
Management
Accounting
are
balanced
entries.
When
a
cost
is
moved
from
one
controlling
object
to
another,
such
as
from
one
cost
center
to
another,
the
sending
object
is
credited
and
the
receiving
object
is
debited
for
the
same
amount.
Posting
from
MM
to
a
Cost
Center:
Goods
issue
for
material
consumption
transactions
posted
in
the
MM
can
be
assigned
to
a
cost
center.
Also,
you
must
enter
a
movement
type
to
differentiate
between
the
various
categories
of
goods
movements.
As
a
result
is
created:
1
FI
document
that
debits
material
consumption
account
and
credits
material
stock
(inventory)
account.
The
cost
center
is
debited
with
the
value
of
the
goods
issued
using
a
primary
cost
element.
Direct
activity
Allocation:
Deals
with
the
measurement,
posting,
and
allocation
of
an
organizational
activity.
You
need
to
create
the
corresponding
(measurable)
tracing
factors,
known
as
activity
types
in
Cost
Center
Accounting.
For
a
direct
activity
allocation,
the
following
info
is
needed:
Sender cost center credited (Cost center that provides the activity (using secondary cost element)
Receiver debited (Object that receives the activity (using secondary cost element)
Activity type
Template
Allocation
Internal
Order
Is
a
cost
collector
that
allows
a
better
view
of
costs
that
could
not
be
itemized
in
detail
in
a
cost
center.
Useful
for
planning,
monitoring,
alloc.
of
costs
and
reporting.
4
types/categories:
Overhead
orders:
used
to
monitor
overhead
costs
incurred
for
a
particular
purpose,
such
as
conducting
a
trade
fair,
or
tracking
costs
for
mainten.
and
repair
work.
Investment
orders:
used
to
monitor
costs
incurred
in
the
production
of
a
fixed
asset,
such
as
building
a
storage
facility.
Accrual
orders:
used
to
offset
postings
of
accrued
costs
(costs
calculated
in
CO)
to
cost
centers.
Orders
with
revenue:
used
to
replace
the
cost
accounting
parts
of
SD
customer
orders
if
SD
is
not
being
used,
so
that
both
costs
and
revenues
can
be
tracked;
or
to
monitor
revenues
not
affecting
the
organizations
core
business
(miscellaneous
revenue).
Internal
Orders
-
Cost
Planning:
Costs
are
normally
planned
for
orders
that
have
a
long
life
cycle.
Orders
with
a
short
life
cycle,
such
as
for
unexpected
small
repairs,
are
normally
not
planned.
3
options/ways
for
planning
cost
on
internal
orders:
Overall
Planning:
is
the
simplest
level
for
planning
order
costs.
You
can
plan
overall
values
and
annual
values
irrespective
of
the
cost
elements.
Primary/secondary
cost
and
revenue
planning:
can
be
used
if
you
have
detailed
information
about
an
internal
order.
For
manual
planning
purposes,
primary/secondary
cost
and
revenue
planning
comprises
the
planning
of
primary
costs,
activity
inputs,
and
revenues.
Unit
costing:
can
be
used
to
carry
out
more
detailed
planning
than
is
possible
on
costs
elements.
Posting
to
an
Internal
Order:
can
be
real
or
statistical
(information
postings
only).
Commitments
(future
costs):
Identifies
costs
which
be
incurred
in
the
future
for
materials
and
services
requested
or
ordered.
By
recording
commitments,
as
well
as
actual
costs,
you
can
compare
the
funds
you
have
allocated
to
your
planned
or
budgeted
costs
to
determine
funds
availability.
Are
created
in
the
Purchasing
function
of
Materials
Management.
Is
recorded
automatically
when
you
assign
an
overhead
order
to
a
purchase
order.
17
www.sapTerp10.com
You
reduce
the
commitment
by
posting
a
goods
receipt
against
a
purchase
order.
Actual
costs
are
posted
to
the
internal
order.
This
process
continues
until
the
purchase
order
is
closed
and
the
commitment
is
reduced
to
zero.
You
must
have
activated
commitment
management
in
Management
Accounting
for
each
controlling
area.
Order
Settlement:
Internal
orders
are
usually
used
as
an
interim
collector
of
costs
and
an
aid
to
the
planning,
monitoring,
and
reporting
processes.
When
the
task
is
complete,
the
costs
have
to
be
passed
on
to
their
final
destination
(cost
center,
fixed
asset,
profitability
segment,
etc.).
This
is
called
settlement.
It
is
another
form
of
periodic
cost
allocation.
Settlement
can
occur
periodically,
or
at
the
end
of
the
orders
life,
depending
on
the
type
of
order
and
its
business
purpose.
A
settlement
rule
must
be
defined
for
each
order.
This
rule
is
defined
in
the
order
master
record.
Profit
Center
Accounting
internal
focus
(EC-PCA)
Profit
Center
Accounting
Measure
profitability
of
areas
of
responsibility
within
the
organization.
reflects
the
success
of
a
given
profit
center
at
meeting
the
profitability
goal
for
which
it
was
given
responsibility.
Internal
controlling
purposes.
Comparison:
If
you
divide
your
enterprise
into
profit
centers,
you
can
analyze
the
areas
of
responsibility
and
delegate
responsibility
to
distributed
units,
which
then
become
companies
within
the
company.
Typical
questions
in
Profit
Center
Accounting:
What
is
the
operating
profit
of
a
profit
center?
Which
fixed
asset
value
is
assigned
to
a
profit
center?
1. Product
Cost
Planning:
used
to
estimate
the
costs
to
produce
goods
or
services.
-If
a
quantity
structure
(BOM
and
Routing)
is
available
in
Manufacturing
Planning,
then
the
system
can
automatically
create
a
cost
estimate
based
on
this
data.
-If
no
quantity
structure
is
available,
then
you
can
either
enter
the
costing
items
manually
with
the
unit
costing
tool
or
transfer
them
automatically
from
a
non-SAP
system
using
batch
input.
2. Costs
Object
Controlling:
collects
costs
incurred
during
production
of
a
product
or
service
using
cost
objects
(such
as
production
orders,
sales
orders,
process
orders,
production
cost
collectors).
It
focuses
on
simultaneous
costing
and
the
period-end
closing,
in
order
to
compare
planned
and
actual
costs.
3. Actual
Costing
and
Material
Ledger:
provides
actual
costs
for
each
material
at
the
end
of
the
period.
When
you
create
a
cost
estimate
with
a
quantity
structure,
you
must
enter
costing
variant
material
plant
lot
size
18
The
dates
proposed
from
the
costing
variant
specify
the
following:
The
period
of
validity
of
the
cost
estimate
(costing
date
from/to)
The
selection
date
for
the
BOM
and
routing
(quantity
structure
dates)
The
pricing
data
for
the
material
components
and
activities
(valuation
date)
www.sapTerp10.com
Planned
Prices
1,
2,
3:
can
be
used
for
raw
materials
and
purchased
parts,
and
to
valuate
the
materials
in
the
cost
estimate.
Tax
based
and
commercial
prices:
are
entered
for
purchased
parts
in
inventory
costing
for
values
such
as
the
determination
of
lowest
value.
An
inventory
cost
estimate
can
use
these
prices
for
valuation,
and
then
update
the
costing
results
for
finished
and
semi
finished
products
in
these
fields.
Price
control:
indicator
that
controls
which
price
is
used
to
valuate
the
inventory
of
a
material.
The
following
option
are
available:
o Standard
price
o Moving
average
price
These
prices
are
used
to
valuate
goods
movements
within
SAP
ERP
and
to
valuate
inventories.
A
standard
cost
estimate
can
be
used
to
update
the
standard
price.
You
can
branch
from
the
accounting
and
costing
views
to
the
results
of
standard
cost
estimates
these
results
update
the
standard
price.
Integration:
Standard
Price
and
Standard
Cost
Estimate:
Price
control
plays
a
crucial
role
in
material
valuation.
When
the
price
control
indicator
is
set
to
S,
the
inventory
is
valuated
at
standard
price.
In
addition,
goods
movements
are
valuated
directly
in
the
System
using
a
price
selected
in
accordance
with
the
price
control
indicator.
If
the
standard
price
was
updated
by
a
standard
cost
estimate,
it
can
be
used
in
Cost
Object
Controlling.
The
system
can
use
the
itemization
of
standard
cost
estimates
to
determine
the
target
costs
for
manufacturing
orders.
The
difference
between
target
cost
and
actual
cost
can
be
analyzed
at
the
level
of
variance
categories,
such
as
quantity
or
price
variances.
The
saved
itemization
provides
the
basis
for
the
variance
calculation.
In
Profitability
Analysis,
you
can
use
standard
cost
estimates
(or
other
material
cost
estimates)
to
compare
the
revenues
of
the
billed
quantity
with
the
cost
component
split
of
the
product.
A
standard
price
is
also
required
in
the
Material
Ledger
to
determine
the
actual
price.
19
www.sapTerp10.com
Good
issue:
is
a
goods
movement
in
which
a
material
withdrawal,
goods
issue,
material
consumption,
or
goods
shipment
is
posted
to
a
customer.
A
goods
issue
leads
to
a
decrease
of
warehouse
stock.
A
stock
transfer/transfer
posting
consists
of
goods
issue
from
the
issuing
point
and
a
goods
receipt
at
the
receiving
point.
Stock
transfer:
is
a
removal
of
materials
from
a
particular
storage
location
into
another
storage
location,
within
the
same
plant
and
between
two
plants.
With
stock
transfer
there
is
always
a
physical
movement
of
goods.
(1
and
2
step
procedures
possible).
Example:
Stor.
Loc
to
stor.
Loc,
Plant
to
Plant,
Company
Code
to
Company
Code
Transfer
posting:
results
in
a
change
in
the
stock
ID
number
or
the
stock
category
of
a
material.
Transfer
postings
need
not
involve
an
actual
physical
goods
movement.
(Additional
material
movement
is
possible).
Example:
Stock
to
stock
(quality
inspection
to
unrestricted
use),
Material
to
material,
Consignment
to
warehouse
Stock Transport Order: A stock transfer using a stock transport order has the following advantages compared with a stock transfer without a stock transport order:
20
www.sapTerp10.com
Transfer
order:
is
the
document
with
which
all
material
movements
in
the
warehouse
are
executed.
In
Logistics
Execution,
there
are
2
ways
of
modeling
GR
and
GI:
you
can
create
either
a
delivery
or
an
inventory
management
posting
(generally
with
reference
to
a
preceding
document)
at
the
beginning
of
the
process.
The
following
overview
shows
the
document
flow
and
the
posting
process
for
each
of
these
methods:
If
deliveries
are
used,
the
warehouse
management
activities
(creating
and
confirming
a
transfer
order)
are
completed
before
the
inventory
management
posting.
This
posting
always
refers
to
the
delivery.
The
terms
shipping
or
shipping
process
are
often
used
in
conjunction
with
deliveries.
These
actually
only
describe
outbound
goods
movements,
the
original
delivery
process
that
relates
to
an
order.
Shipping
is
also
the
name
given
to
the
department
responsible
for
the
logistical
process
of
delivery
handling
(picking,
packing,
loading).
Since
the
delivery
document
can
also
be
used
in
other
areas,
we
refer
to
deliveries
related
to
sales
documents
as
outbound
deliveries.
Organizational
Levels
in
LE
Client
oo
Company
Code
oo
|
Transportation
|
1
Planning
Point
oo
1
1
Plant
oo
|
Shipping
Point
oo
|
|
oo
Storage
Location
Warehouse
Number
oo
Interim
storage
area:
serve
as
the
link
between
Inventory
and
Warehouse
Mgt
(GR
and
GI
areas)
(MM + FI docs)
Material
Batch
Special stock
21
www.sapTerp10.com
Combining
physical
inventory
steps:
you
have
the
option
of
combining
individual
phases
and
performing
them
in
a
single
step:
1.
Enter
count
without
PI
document
2.
Enter
count
and
post
PI
difference
3.
Enter
count
without
PI
document
and
post
inventory
difference
PI
document:
Is
created
per
plant-storage
location
Can
be
for
special
stocks:
per
plant,
storage
loc,
special
sock,
vendor
or
customer
or
project
You
can
specify
the
storage
bin
or
the
material
group
as
grouping
values
(the
items
are
then
all
assigned
to
a
material
group
or
a
storage
bin)
You
can
specify
a
physical
inventory
number
in
the
document
header
(different
from
the
number
of
PI
doc)
to
facilitates
the
selection
of
the
PI
doc
to
be
process
during
entry
of
the
count
data,
posting
of
diff
and
in
evaluation.
The
status
of
an
item
indicates
if
the
item
has
been:
processed,
counted,
posted,
or
recounted.
Changes
allowed
in
the
PI
doc
Header:
You
can
block
all
goods
movements
relating
to
a
stock
management
unit
for
the
purposes
of
a
physical
inventory
by
means
of
the
posting
block
indicator
in
the
PI
document
header
(shows
the
value
X).
If
it
is
not
possible
to
block
the
goods
movement
for
organizational
reasons,
you
can
freeze
the
book
inventory
in
the
PI
document
at
the
time
of
the
count.
Entering
physical
inventory
count:
1.
You
must
print
out
the
PI
doc
and
forward
it
to
the
persons
responsible
for
the
count.
2.
When
entering
the
physical
inventory
count,
you
can
enter
a
percentage
variance
of
the
count
quantity
from
the
book
inventory,
above
which
the
system
issues
a
warning
message.
3.
When
the
entered
data
is
saved,
the
system
determines
the
book
inventory
in
the
system.
The
difference
between
the
count
result
and
this
book
is
the
Inventory
difference.
You
can
analyze
the
difference
via
the
list
of
differences.
The
list
of
differences
contains
the
following
information
on
each
item:
Contains
the
following
information
on
each
item
You
can
perform
the
following
functions
with
the
list
of
differences
Quantity
counted
-
Q
Enter,
change,
display
count
Book
inventory
-
Q
Post
difference
(via
List
of
Diff.
or
via
separate
transactions)
Difference
quantity
Diff
Q
Display
or
change
document
Difference
amount
-
Diff
$
Recount
documents
or
item
Posting
of
Inventory
difference:
either
via
the
list
of
differences
or
via
separate
transactions,
the
system
creates:
MM
doc
that
correct
the
stock
figures,
FI
doc
recording
the
necessary
account
movement.
The
system
fixes
the
posting
period
of
FI
doc
automatically.
You
can
specify
a
reason
for
the
inventory
difference
discovered
for
each
item,
EX
theft.
If
a
document
exceeds
the
document
tolerance
defined
for
the
user
group,
a
user
who
is
assigned
to
the
physical
inventory
tolerance
group
may
not
post
an
inventory
difference
for
this
document.
If
the
total
value
of
the
documents
lies
below
the
document
tolerance,
but
certain
items
exceed
the
maximum
amount
per
item,
the
user
may
not
post
the
differences
for
these
items,
he
can
process
the
other
items.
The
fiscal
year
is
set
as
a
result
of
specification
of
the
planned
count
date
when
the
PI
documents
is
created.
You
have
created
a
physical
inventory
documents.
At
what
point
are
the
inventory
count
adjusted?
When
the
differences
are
posted
ABC
Analysis
of
the
Cycle
Counting
Inventory
The
cycle
counting
indicator
is
used
to
group
the
materials
together
into
various
cycle
counting
categories
(for
example,
A,
B,
C,
and
D).
A
cyclic
count
indicator
A
or
B
or
C
or
D
is
allocated
to
material
in
the
material
master
based
on
either
consumption
or
forecast
value.
The
item
with
more
consumption
value
are
classified
as
A,
and
with
minimum
as
D.
A
indicator
items
will
be
counted
frequently
(say
every
month),
D
will
be
less
frequently
(say
every
6
months
or
every
one
year).
There
is
an
option
in
SAP
to
have
a
fixed
indicator
for
a
material
say
A
for
a
material
which
does
not
have
a
high
consumption
value
but
it
is
important
to
count
it
every
month,
then
the
material
can
be
marked
as
A
indicator
in
material
master
with
indicator
fixed.
Options:
Consumption
Analysis:
The
system
uses
the
consumption
quantities
and
valuation
price
based
in
the
master
data
of
the
specified
plant.
Requirement
Analysis:
The
system
determines
the
total
value
of
the
requirement
of
the
material
from:
Indp.
Req,
Dep.
Req.,
Sales
Orders,
Stock
transp.
orders
and
the
Valuation
Price
of
the
material.
22
www.sapTerp10.com
Organizational
Levels
Client
General
Location-
Based
Planning-
Based
Maintenance
Plant
Location
Maintenance
Work
Centers
Maintenance
Plant:
Plant-specific
planning:
maintenance
plant
=
(maintenance)
planning
plant.
In
most
organizational
structures,
the
maintenance
requirement
is
planned
in
the
same
plant
where
it
occurs.
Cross
plant
planning:
Multiple
maintenance
plants
are
assigned
to
a
planning
plant,
which
does
the
maintenance
planning,
order
execution,
spare
parts
storage.
Other
constellations:
The
planning
of
a
plants
requirements
(plant
1300)
as
well
as
the
spare
parts
procurement
takes
place
in
another
plant
(1000),
however,
the
tasks
are
performed
by
workshops
available
locally.
Maintenance
Work
center:
WC
is
an
organ.
unit
within
an
operational
system.
It
can
be:
Machine,
Group
of
machine,
Person,
Group
of
people
Used
for:
Main
functions:
Contain:
Main
WC
in
the
Master
Data
for
the
Costing:
determine
the
costs
of
an
internal
activity
by
a
product
unit.
Default
values
for
task
list
and
ordes
equipment
or
functional
locations
Scheduling:
determine
the
dates
when
operations
should
be
Costing
data
Main
WC
in
a
maintenance
item
performed
Scheduling
data
Main
WC
in
the
order
header
Capacity
planning:
the
capacity
requirements
for
the
operations
in
Available
capacity
Main
WC
in
the
task
list
header
the
orders
are
determined
and
compared
with
the
available
capacity
Performing
WC
in
the
operations
for
an
order
defined
in
the
work
center.
Performing
WC
in
the
operations
for
a
task
list
Service:
Organ.
level:
service
center
are
defined
as
plants
Plant
Planning
plant:
is
a
plant,
in
which
the
services
are
planned
and
scheduled.
The
planning
plant
need
not
be
the
plant
that
performs
the
services.
Planner
group
Work
center
Employee
Technical
objects
(4
types)
Functional
locations
(places)
Pieces of Equipment
Serial Numbers #
BOM
Functional
locations
Are
hierarchically
(not
network)
ordered
structures
that
represent
a
technical
system,
building,
or
part
thereof
in
which
objects
can
be
installed.
The
aim
is
to
structure
a
technical
system
or
building
into
units
that
are
relevant
for
Plant
Maintenance.
Criteria
/
Reasons
to
justify
a
Functional
locations
Master
Data
Structures
criteria
Structure
indicator
system
structure
(Views)
Building
1,
building
2
The
identification
for
funct.loc.
is
created
using
the
G
eneral
Spatial
Execution
of
maintenance
tasks
structure
indicator.
It
consists
of
two
input
fields:
Technical
Functional
Polymerization,
condensation
(process-oriented)
L ocation
Differences:
-
Equipment
can
be
managed
with
inventory
functions
while
functional
locations
cannot.
- Functional
locations
are
arranged
hierarchically
while
equipment
is
not.
Pieces
of
Equipment
Are
individual
physical
objects
maintained
as
an
autonomous
unit.
The
usage
list
displays
all
the
pieces
of
equipment
that
have
been
installed
in
chronological
order
Criteria
/
Reasons
to
justify
a
Piece
of
Equipment
Installation
/
dismantling
of
Equipment:
Master
Data
(Views)
(bis)
structure
G
eneral
Equipment
can
be
installed
and
dismantled
at
functional
locations.
Management
of
individual
data
You
can
monitor
the
installation
times
for
a
piece
of
equipment
from
both
L
ocation
Recording
of
maintenance
tasks
the
functional
location
view
and
the
equipment
view.
O
rganization
Object-based
recording
of
costs
S
t
ructure
Evaluation
of
technical
data
Recording
of
usage
times
23
www.sapTerp10.com
Serial
Numbers
#
Is
a
number
that
is
assigned
to
an
individual
material
item
in
addition
to
its
material
number.
The
combination
of
material
number
and
serial
number
is
always
unique.
Serial
numbers
enable
you
to
track
individual
items
for
a
given
material
number.
This
in
turn
enables
you
to
perform
inventory
management.
You
can
assign
as
many
numbers
to
a
material
number
as
is
necessary.
The
same
serial
number
may
occur
for
different
material
numbers.
An
equipment
master
data
is
created
for
each
serial
number.
Maintenance
BOM
Are
used
to
structure
functional
locations
and
pieces
of
equipment
in
more
detail.
The
maintenance
BOM
differs
from
other
BOMs
in
that
it
only
contains
items
relevant
to
plant
maintenance.
Material
BOMs
are
always
used
in
Plant
Maintenance
if
a
number
of
similarity
constructed
objects
have
to
be
maintained.
This
is
indicate
in
the
Structure
view
of
the
technical
object
(construction
type
field).
The
aim
is
to
create
just
one
BOM
for
several
same
technical
objects.
3
important
functions
Material
BOM
Equipment
BOM
Functional
location
BOM
24
www.sapTerp10.com
Printing of papers
Goods
movement
becomes
possible
The
Document
Flow
allows
a
view
of
that.
Documents
Printed
with
an
order
Job
ticket:
is
a
document
which
gives
the
person
executing
the
maintenance
work
a
complete
overview
of
the
order.
If
connected
to
DMS
can
print
graphics
Operation
control
ticket:
shows
the
maintenance
engineer
responsible
a
complete
overview
of
the
maintenance
order.
Material
pick
list:
Shows
the
warehouse
clerk
which
materials
have
been
planned
for
each
operation
in
this
order.
Object
list:
Shows
an
overview
of
the
objects
(technical
objects,
notifications)
involved
in
the
order.
Time
ticket:
contains
the
standard
time
and
duration,
and
is
only
printed
for
operations
with
the
corresponding
control
key.
Confirmation
slip:
used
by
workers
an
entry
sheet
for
their
work
times.
Material
withdrawal
slip:
authorizes
the
person
executing
the
maintenance
work
to
take
the
materials
required
for
the
order
from
the
warehouse.
Material
withdrawal:
Manual
workers
withdraw
materials
from
the
warehouse
to
perform
maintenance
tasks.
There
are
two
types
of
withdrawal:
The
report
called
Material
Where-used
List
enables
to
see
which
one
was
used.
Order
Confirmation:
times/activities:
There
are
4
different
ways
to
confirm
the
time
required
for
work
on
a
maintenance
order:
1.
Individually
entry
of
times
for
each
order
operation
2.
Collective
entry
by
direct
entry
or
using
an
operation
list
3.
Overall
completion
confirmation:
times,
activities,
measurement
values,
and
so
on,
on
a
collective
screen
4.
Entry
using
the
cross-application
time
sheet
(CATS)
Completion
confirmation:
Contains
the
following
info
Time,
Material,
Measurement
documents
Technical
Completion:
TECO
can
then
only
be
changed
online
as
follows:
It
can
be
locked
or
unlocked
The
deletion
flag
can
be
set
Post
cost
to
order
(even
after
Teco)
-
Location
and
account
assignment
data
for
an
order
is
determinate
by
the
date
of
the
order
creation
(not
date
entered
during
TECO).
-Cost
Center
info
can
be
updated
if
there
are
changes
after
order
creating
using
Update
reference
object
data
Document
flow:
Docs.
Available:
Notification
Completion
confirmation
Goods
movement
Purchase
requisition
Purchase
order
Action
log:
Changes
to
notifications,
orders,
equipment,
and
functional
locations
are
displayed
in
chronological
order
in
an
action
log.
This
enables
you
to
track
who
has
changed
the
data
or
status
of
which
fields
and
when.
Reporting
and
Analysis
Reports
available
Maintenance
history
o
Completed
notifications
and
orders
o Historical
orders
Material
usage
o Material
where-used
list
(material
withdrawals
planned-unplanned
Standard
Analyses
25
Structure
www.sapTerp10.com
Service
Order
Creation
Option:
Notification
Service
By cost element
26
www.sapTerp10.com
Services
for
procuring
external
services
Cost
for
planning
additional
primary
costs
Functions:
The
activities
in
the
network
are
used
to
plan
the
labor,
capacities,
materials,
tools,
and
services
to
carry
out
various
tasks
in
your
project.
Network
structure
graphic:
All
of
the
functions
you
need
to
create
a
network
are
available
in
the
network
graphic
(EX:
inserting
activities
or
relationships)
You
can
access
the
network
graphic
from
various
functions
in
the
Project
System
(the
Project
Builder,
project
planning
board,
or
the
information
system,
for
EX)
Cycle
analysis
is
a
function
that
you
can
only
perform
in
the
network
graphic.
A
cycle
is
a
closed
sequence
of
relationships
and
activities.
Cycle
analysis
is
a
tool
that
enables
you
to
detect
cyclical
relationships,
and
correct
them.
PS
Texts,
Documents,
Milestones:
Assignments:
PS
texts
are
user-definable
texts
that
are
managed
in
a
PS
text
catalog.
The
texts
are
classified
into
different
text
types.
You
can
assign
PS
texts
to
1
or
more
WBS
elem.
or
activ.
Document
Management
System
can
assign
document
info
records
to
WBS
elements
and
activities.
Project
Information
System,
can
display
the
documents
info
records
and
the
corresponding
original
documents
online.
You
can
assign
milestones
to
activities
and
WBS
elements.
27
www.sapTerp10.com
Project
Planning
Project
planning
board:
Objects:
(based
on
Gantt
chart)
Is
a
graphical
interface
you
can
use
to
create
and
edit
all
the
data
for
a
project:
Project definition
WBS
elements
Six
typical
areas
of
focus
for
project
planning
Activities
Project structures
Relationship
Dates
Milestones
Payments
Documents
Resources
PS text
Materials
Materials
Basic
Dates
Basic
Dates
for
WBS
Elements:
You
can
plan
dates
for
individual
WBS
elements
as
well
as
you
can
enter
outline
dates
for
your
project
in
the
project
definition.
Resource
Planning:
You
use
activities
in
a
network
to
plan
the
resources
required
for
a
project.
The
Project
System
draws
a
distinction
between
the
following
resources:
Internally
Internally
processed
activity
determines
the
output
to
be
provided
by
machines
or
personnel
in
order
to
complete
the
activity.
You
can
evaluate
the
capacities
of
the
various
work
centers
involved,
reschedule
these
capacities
as
necessary,
and
distribute
work
among
employees.
You
must
enter
work
data
for
an
activity
so
that
the
system
can
plan
capacities
for
a
project
and
calculate
costs
for
activities.
You
need
to
specify
the
amount
of
work
(machine
or
personnel)
involved
and
the
work
center
that
is
to
perform
the
work.
Work
centers
(where
activity
is
carried
out):
contain
data
for
costing
activities,
scheduling,
capacity.
Externally
Externally
processed
activity
Services
activities
to
specify
the
necessary
services
to
be
are
also
used
to
procure
services
externally.
The
difference
between
provided
by
other
companies
in
order
to
service
activities
and
externally
processed
activities
is
that,
if
you
use
complete
the
activity.
External
service
activities,
you
can
draw
up
service
specifications
and
set
value
processing
is
carried
out
via
the
limits
for
any
unplanned
services.
The
purchasing
department
carries
purchasing
department.
out
service
processing:
entry
of
services
+
acceptance
of
services
Steps
in
externally
processed
activity:
Purch.
Req.
->
Bid
invitation
->
Quotation
Entry
->
Vendor
selection
->
PO
processing
->
PO
monitoring
->
Goods
Receipt
GR
->
Invoice
verification
(In
GR
or
Invoice
verificatin
actual
costs
are
posted)
Goods
Receipt
for
services
involves
2
steps
:
1. Entry
of
services
performed
2. Acceptance
of
serv.
performed
Materials
in
projects:
Materials
establish
the
link
between
the
Project
System
(PS)
and
Material
Management
(purchase
order,
goods
receipt
for
materials
and
services)
Inventory
Management
(goods
issue)
Production
Planning
(confirmation
of
assigned
production
orders)
Plant
Maintenance
(confirmation
of
assigned
PM
orders)
Controlling
(internal
activity
allocation,
assigned
CO
orders)
Financial
Accounting
(down
payments,
Payments,
journal
entries)
Asset
Management
(settlement
to
assets)
Human
Resources
(entry
of
work
for
persons,
posting
of
activity
confirmation)
Cost
Planning
in
projects:
Unit costing
Easy cost planning: is an easy to use tool for planning costs in WBS elements, you access from the project builder.
Activity-assigned network are used where costs are gathered in each activity.
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Project
budgeting
Cost
planning
and
budgeting:
1.
Bottom
up
extrapolation
2.
Overall
plan
value
3.
Cost
planning
4.
Requested
budget
5.
Approved
budget
6.
Budgeting
7.
Top
down
distribution
Project
costs
must
be
estimated
as
accurately
as
possible
during
cost
planning,
it
is
in
the
approval
phase
that
funds
are
assigned
in
the
form
of
a
budget.
The
budget
differs
from
the
project
cost
plan
in
that
it
is
binding.
It
is
the
device
by
which
management
approves
the
anticipated
development
of
project
costs
over
a
given
period
of
time.
Budgeting
overview:
Maintain original budget transaction is used to assign funds for the project and its parts.
In the budget profile: you can specify whether funds are to be assigned as overall values, or distributed by year instead.
Budget release function is used to make funds available at various pints within a fiscal year.
Budget
carry
forward
function
is
used
to
transfer
any
funds
not
used
up
in
the
previous
year
to
the
budget
of
the
new
fiscal
year.
Assigned
funds
and
availability
control:
When
a
project
is
being
executed,
the
available
funds
are
committed
to
various
places.
These
so
called
commitments
are
created,
and
actual
costs
are
incurred.
Together
with
the
costs
of
apportioned
orders,
both
these
forms
of
fund
commitments
result
in
what
are
referred
to
as
assigned
funds.
The
funds
overview
can
be
regarded
as
passive
availability
control.
However,
the
Project
System
also
supports
active
availability
control
(certain
events
can
be
triggered
if
certain
tolerance
limits
are
exceeded).
The
corresponding
assigned
funds
are
calculated
and
checked
against
the
budget.
The
assigned
funds
can
be
found
in
the
budget
bearing
WBS
element
and
in
the
lower
level
assignable
WBS
elements.
If
certain
tolerance
limits
are
violated
(shortfall
in
budget,
budget
exceed),
this
can
trigger
various
system
responses.
In
customizing
for
the
tolerance
limits,
you
can
specify
which
response
is
to
be
triggered
and
when.
Project
Execution
Confirmation
Documents
the
processing
status
of
activities
and
activity
elements
in
a
network,
and
enable
you
to
make
forecasts
as
to
how
the
project
will
progress.
Transactions
that
are
triggered
automatically
by
confirmations:
Actual dates,
Collectively
Using CATS (Cross-Application Time Sheet): is an integrated function for entering actual time data important in HR, PS, PM, CS, and CO.
Schedule
Manager
Its
a
tool
to
carry
out
Period-end
closing,
that
is
period-related
commercial
transactions.
You
use
it
to
ensure
that
all
data
belonging
to
a
period
is
determined
and
that
data
is
available
for
enterprise
controlling
purposes.
Period-end
closing
procedures
are
performed
periodically
in
the
background,
usually
once
every
period.
The
procedures
are
generally
carried
out
for
the
previous
month
at
the
start
of
the
next
month.
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Settlement:
Debit
and
Credit
Actual
costs
and
actual
revenues
arise
in
a
project
or
order
as
a
result
of:
Direct
settlement,
each
object
(WBS
elements,
networks,
orders
and
activities)
in
a
project
is
settled
directly
to
a
cost
object
not
included
in
the
project,
such
as
a
profitability
segment.
Its
used
for
the
settlement
of
PS
structures
to
receivers
other
than
those
specified
below.
Multi-level
settlement,
each
object
(WBS
elements,
networks,
orders
and
activities)
are
first
settled
to
the
higher-level
WBS
elements
in
the
project.
The
top
element
then
settles
the
costs
collected.
Its
used
for
settlement
to
WBS
elements
of
other
projects
or
internal
orders.
Information
System
Information
Systems:
Overview
You
can
use
the
following
information
systems
to
evaluate
important
key
figures
for
your
project:
Structure information system (SIS): not only a tool for displaying info, also you can create and change project structures from the reports.
Cost/revenue/payment (Controlling) information system, with hierarchy reports, cost element reports, and the SAP List Viewer for line items.
Capacity analysis
Order report, lists of reservations, purchase requisitions, purchase orders pertaining to the project, ProMan
Stock/requirements overview
Project summarization
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When
you
enter
data
for
an
employee
in
infotype
0001,
Organizational
Assignment
the
employee
is
assigned
to:
A
company
code
-
A
personnel
area
-
A
payroll
area
-
A
position
This
result
in
the
employees
assignment
to:
An
organizational
unit
-
A
job
-
A
cost
center.
If
Personal
planning
and
administration
are
integrated,
positions
can
be
entered
in
infotype
0000
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Employee Records
Infotypes
Maintenance
3
ways
of
processing
infotype
records:
Company code
Personnel area
Personnel subarea
Business area
Employee group
Employee
subgroup
The
position
entered
and
its
existing
relationships
to
a
job,
organizational
unit,
and
cost
center
are
imported.
HCM
Process
Human
Capital
Management
Process:
1. Recruitment
2. Hiring
3. Training
and
Personnel
Development
4. Managing
Work
Time
5. Compensation
and
Benefits
6. Payroll
Administration
7. Travel
Planning
8. Personnel
cost
planning
and
reporting
9. Employee
Self-Services
Recruitment
Process:
from
the
vacancy
to
hiring
an
Applicant:
1.
Vacancy
2.
Advertisement
3.
Applicant
4.
Profile
matchup
5.
Hired
as
an
employee
When
you
hire
an
applicant,
you
can
transfer
the
applicant
data
recorded
in
Recruitment
to
Personnel
Administration.
The
system
adopts
all
data
you
enter
in
the
Recruitment
infotypes
as
default
values
in
Personnel
Administration.
Managers
can
use
the
Managers
Desktop
tool
to
carry
out
their
recruitment
processes.
Jobs
openings
can
be
advertised
online
(web
based
browsing)
(display
and
apply)
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4
main
processes:
1. The
business
event
preparation:
creation
of
master
data:
time
sched.,
event
locations,
resources
2. Create
the
business
event
catalog
3. Carry
out
day-to-day
activities
4. Recurring
activities
phase
www.sapTerp10.com
Integration
with
other
Application
Components:
Sales
and
Distribution
Billing
of
attendance
fees
Materials
Management
Generation
of
purchase
requisitions
and
material
reservations
Personnel
Development
Check
for
and
transfer
of
qualifications
Time
Management
Recording
and
checking
of
attendance
Organizational
Management
Use
of
organizational
units
as
attendees
and
organizers
of
business
events
Personnel
Administration
Use
of
persons
from
the
HR
Master
Data
as
attendees
and
instructors
Appointment
Calendar
Automatic
generation
of
entries
in
the
Appointment
Calendar
SAP
Knowledge
Warehouse
Display
of
information
material
from
the
Knowledge
warehouse
Cost
Accounting
Internal
activity
allocation
of
attendance
fees
and
instructor
costs
Career
and
Succession
Planning:
Has
2
goals
1. Encourage
the
professional
development
of
employees
in
a
company
2. Ensure
that
there
is
always
sufficient
headcount
Career
Planning
involves
identifying
possible
career
goals
for
employees,
and
planning
their
professional
development.
Succession
Planning
involves
looking
for
suitable
candidates
to
fill
open
posts.
Time
Management:
overview:
Displays
and
records
working
times
flexibly
Information
on
working
times
is
used
to
calculate
gross
wages
in
Payroll
Several
options
are
available
for
recording
working
times:
Online menus
Job pricing: determine the internal value of jobs and positions at your enterprise to ensure that you remain competitive.
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Benefits:
In
many
countries,
employees
generally
participate
in
benefit
plans
offered
by
their
employers
as
part
of
their
compensation
package.
There
are
6
international
plan
categories
define
in
the
system:
Health
Insurance
Savings
Stock Purchase
Credit
Miscellaneous
Personnel
Cost
Planning
and
Simulation:
Its
integrated
with
other
applications.
You
can
take
payment
info
from
different
sources
and
planned
compensation
data
for
positions
and
jobs
to
generate
personnel
cost
plans.
You
can
perform
scenario
specific
cost
planning
runs.
This
enables
you
to
simulate
the
effect
of
certain
planning
assumptions
on
your
future
cost
situation.
It
as
a
web
based
interface.
You
can
export
generated
cost
plans
to
SAP
Business
Intelligence
for
analysis.
After
you
have
released
the
plan,
SAP
HR
users
can
use
the
data
to:
You
can
access
Standard
Reports
from
the
SAP
Easy
Access
Menu
or
using
general
report
selection.
The
Human
Resources
Information
System
(HIS)
starts
all
HR
reports
within
Structural
Graphics.
Ad
Hoc
Query
enables
you
to
create
reports.
Its
integrated
into
SAP
Query.
Managers
Desktop:
consists
of
the
6
theme
categories
and
their
function
lists:
Employee,
Organiz,
Cost
and
Budget,
Recruitment,
Special
areas,
Workflow
inbox
The
Business
Warehouse
is
an
independent
system
in
which
analyses
can
be
performed.
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Key
figures
are
performance
measures;
quantitative
information
based
on
measurable
facts:
sales
volumes,
net
sales,
costs
Characteristics
describe
the
affiliation
key
figures.
InfoCube:
The
central
data
stores
that
form
the
basis
for
reports
and
analyses
is
SAP
BW
are
called
InfoCubes.
They
contain
key
figures
and
links
to
its
associated
characteristics
(master
data)
Master
data
in
the
BW
system
consists
of
attributes
of
a
characteristic,
as
well
as
hierarchies
and
texts
of
a
characteristic.
An
InfoCube
consists
of
several
database
tables
that
are
linked
according
to
the
star
schema.
Each
InfoCube
has
1
fact
table
and
a
maximum
of
16
dimensions
tables
Each
fact
table
can
contain
a
maximum
of
233
key
figures
A
dimension
can
contain
up
to
248
freely
available
characteristics.
InfoCubes
are
stored
in
structures
called
InfoAreas.
(folders
to
store
infocubes)
InfoProvider:
Is
an
object
or
view
that
you
can
use
to
create
reports
in
Business
Explorer
(BEx).
InfoProviders
deliver
data
that
can
be
analyzed
using
a
query.
There
are
two
types
of
data
stores:
BEx Analyzer
Web Application
Mobile
Intelligence
SAP
BEx:
choose
Query:
Using
the
SAP
BW
reporting
functions,
you
can
evaluate
a
dataset
from
an
InfoProvider
according
to
various
characteristics
and
key
figures.
To
do
this,
you
define
a
query
for
your
chosen
InfoProvider
in
the
BEx
Query
Designer.
By
selecting
and
combining
the
InfoObjects
in
a
query,
you
determine
the
way
in
which
data
from
the
chosen
InfoProvider
is
evaluated.
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Query
Designer:
Once
you
have
selected
the
InfoProvider,
the
query
Designer
is
divided
into
6
subareas:
1. Directory
tree
of
the
selected
InfoProvider:
all
available
objects
(dimensions,
key
figures,
structures)
are
displayed.
2. Columns:
define
the
columns
of
the
report
3. Rows:
define
the
rows
of
the
report
4. Free
Characteristics:
those
characteristics
are
transferred
5. Filter:
characteristics,
key
figure
or
combination.
6. Preview
Using
Drag
&
Drop,
drag
the
selected
objects
of
the
InfoProvider
tree
to
the
appropriate
subarea
(rows,
columns
or
free
characteristics).
Filtering
Data
in
the
Query
Definition:
It
is
often
necessary
to
restrict
(filter)
characteristics
to
specific
characteristics
values
in
the
report.
You
can
restrict
the
characteristics
value
of
characteristics
in
the
rows,
columns,
free
characteristics
and
filter
areas
of
the
of
the
query
designer.
2
ways
of
restricting
characteristics:
By selecting a characteristic from the InfoProvider of the characteristic and double clicking on the value icon.
Call
the
context
menu
of
an
already
included
in
the
definition
and
chose
restrict.
Including
Text
Elements
in
BEx
Analyzer
Reports:
You
have
the
option
of
displaying
different
text
elements
as
additional
information
in
a
query
(EX:
the
author,
last
changed
by,
InfoProvider)
these
text
elements
are
referred
to
as
the
header
information
of
the
query.
Finding
a
query:
To
find
a
query
for
which
you
already
know
a
part
of
the
description
or
other
info,
choose
find.
In
the
search
for
queries
dialog
box
enter
the
technical
name
or
descr.
query.
Web
query:
To
publish
the
query
on
the
web,
save
it
and
choose
display
Query
on
the
Web.
The
query
displays
in
a
standard
Web
template.
You
can
change
the
stan.
Web
temp,
if
require.
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