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(2016 - )EEES

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sattarjaber@yahoo.com



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salimhibrisha@gmail.com


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( )Boiler




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[ .]8
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)NPV








( )1
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( )Center for Global Development




( 20 25)



20 2020
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2005 2010

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( %81.66 )

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:


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:
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(
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1Btu

2604168 cal

10334 Btu

1 KW

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( )4
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2012

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( )N.G ()R.F.O




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.


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3

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3
= 9579000 kcal/m

( )5
.
5

9579000 kcal

1 KW

3.67 MW

9579000 kcal

3.67 MW

1 m3

1 MW

0.272 m3

( )3 []22
Pounds
of CO2
per kWh
2.07

Heat
rate Btu
per kWh
10,089

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CO per
Million Btu
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2.15

10,089

212.700

2.17
1.21

10,089
10,354

215.400
117.080

1.67

10,334

161.386

1.80

10,334

173.906

Fuel
Bituminous
Subbituminous
Lignite
Natural gas
Distillate
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Residual
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( )4 ()

(.)3

1 m3
2604.168
Kcal

By 4

( )5

( )6 ()

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1KW

11

2609208 cal

12

1 KW

By tab . 10354
Btu
10354
Btu

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2609.208 Kcal

( )6


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( ) 7
.

. & . /

13

9368 kcal

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14

3.6 KW

By 12 1 m3

15

1MW

277.7 m3

( )7





( )3 ( )8

.
16

1.8 Pound CO2

1 KW

17

0.453 kg CO2

1 pound

18

0.815 Kg CO2

1 KW

19

815 Kg C02

1 MW

-4
.
-5

.
-6 .

( )2 .
-7
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22.8
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( )8 CO2

( ) 9
.
20

1.21 Pound CO2

1 KW

21

0.453 kg CO2

1 pound

22

0.548 kg CO2

1 KW

23

548 kg CO2

1 MW

.2000
[ ]2
- 18-16 .2013
[ ]3
.2008
[ ]4
3 .2013
[ ]5 :

:

( )9 CO2

.9


:
-1
.
-2
.
-3

.

http://www.env-pro.org/activities/article1.htm
[ ]6
.2009
[7] Reddy V.; Kaushik S.; Tyagi S. ; Panwar N. 2010.
An Approach to Analyse Energy and Exergy
analysis and evaluation of coal-fired supercritical
thermal power plant . Copyright Scientific Research
Publishing, Scholarly Journals, (Nov 2010) 143-152.
A

2012.

[8] Venkata Seshendra Kumar Karri

Theoretical Investigation of Efficiency Enhancement


in Thermal Power Plants. Modern Mechanical

2016 - )EEES(

2014 ] 17[

.
2016 ] 18[

Engineering, Vol.2 No.3(2012), Article ID:22204,8


pages, DOI:10.4236/mme.2012.23013.
[9] Gilberto Francisco, Fernando Jesus, Leonan dos
Santos, Carmen Elena 2012. Combined Cycle Gas

and Steam Turbine Power Plant Reliability Analysis.

.2016 17-15 -

Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 04 Jan

2002 ] 19[
.
[20]

State

2015,Report

and

Trends

Washington

of

Carbon

Pricing

DC,WORLD

BANK

GROUP, September 2015.


What is Carbon :[ 21]
Carbon Tracker Initiative : Tracker?
:
2015/10/11
:

2015
http://www.carbontracker.org
How much carbon :[ 22]
dioxide is produced per kilowatthour when generating
U.S Energy Information : electricity with fossil fuels?
2015/11/10 : 2015 Administration
http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=74&t=11:

2012, pp 221247.
[10] Ravinder Kumar, Avdhesh K. , P. C. Tewari
2014. Thermal Performance and Economic Analysis
of 210 MWe Coal Fired Power Plant. Journal of
Thermodynamics, Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID
520183, 10 pages.
[11] Genesis M., Davison Z., Wellington T., Samson
M. 2012. Energy Efficiency Improvement in Thermal
Power Plants. International Journal of Innovative
Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE),
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-2, Issue-1, December
2012.
[12] Dan H., Shuai S., Yun Z., Su L., Yu C., Shu S.,
2012. Exergy analysis of a thermal power plant
using a modeling approach. Clean Technologies and
Environmental Policy, October 2012, Volume 14,
Issue 5, pp 805813.
[13] Kevin U., David W., 2012. Desert Power: The
Economics of Solar Thermal Electricity for Europe,
North Africa, and the Middle East. Working Paper
156, Read the Blog Post - Europe is Left in the Cold
to Ponder North Africa's Solar Energy Potential
(January 8, 2009).
[14] F. Ahwide, Y. Aldali, 2013. The Current
Situation and Perspectives of Electricity Demand
and Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and
efficiency. World Academy of Science, Engineering
and

Technology,

International

Journal

of

Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological


and Geophysical Engineering Vol:7, No:12, 2013.
) ( 2016 ] 15[
.2006/1/2
2009 ] 16[
.

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