LOTUS Residential Rating Tool Pilot - 04-10-2011 (VietNamese)

Bin dch:
LOTUS Nh
Phin bn th nghim
Hng dn K thut
Thng 10 nm 2011
VE
TI
RA
RS
IO
O PE
O
&M
A IN T
EN A N CE
OT
PIL
Bn quyn thuc Hi ng Cng trnh Xanh Vit Nam. 2011. Mc d rt cn thn khi bin son
ti liu ny nhng VGBC khng chu trch nhim v bt c sai st no cng nh hu qu t nhng
sai st trong qu trnh s dng ti liu. VGBC c quyn sa i, b sung, thay i v cp nht ti
liu ny m khng cn thng bo trc.
Li ni u
Trong qu trnh nghin cu v pht trin h thng nh gi LOTUS, Hi ng cng trnh xanh Vit
Nam (VGBC) tham kho cc h thng khc trn th gii. Trong c mt s h thng m VGBC
chn lm khung pht trin cho LOTUS bao gm h thng Green Star ca c, US LEED, v GBI ca
Malaysia. Mt s khc c th k n BREEAM ca Anh, Greenship ca Indonesia v Green Mark ca
Singapore.
VGBC rt cm n s gip n t cc hi ng cng trnh xanh ca c, M v Hi ng cng
trnh xanh Th Gii.
VGBC cng xin cm n nhm t vn k thut, s ng gp bn b v mt mi trng xy dng bn
vng cho Vit Nam l ng lc quan trng thc y qu trnh hon thnh mc tiu ca VGBC.
Cui cng, VGBC cm n tt c nhng nhn vin v tnh nguyn vin, nhng ngi ng gp
ln vo s pht trin ca h thng LOTUS. Nhng cng hin thm lng ca nhng thnh vin ny
gp phn thc y mi trng xy dng Vit Nam theo hng bn vng.
Nhng tc gi xy dng cng c nh gi LOTUS
Tc gi chnh
Alberto Perez Ortiz, Darren ODea, NgcDip, NguynTrung Kin(LOTUS AP), Melissa
Merryweather (LOTUS AP, LEED AP), Timothy Middleton, Xavier Leulliette (LOTUS AP), Yannick
Millet
Tc gi h tr
Aaron May,Alan Williams, Andrew Benham, AuroreJuliard, Celine Pilain Panetta, Claire Boulange,
Diane Goetz, DngBnh(LEED AP), Florent Aubourg, Franck Jung, Geoff Lewis, Graham
Horne(BREEAM AP), GregorTatsios, Hadrien Mantes, Jalel Sager, JrmeBotta, Joan Bennett, John
Calloway(LEED AP), John Kilgallon, Jordan Colomb, Kevin Caille, L H Linh, L Kin, L V Cng,
Liam Lafferty, Luke Smith, LngThanhTh, Mateusz Bogdan, Marion Floret, Mark Edwards, Melissa
Zitouni, Milena Tadini, Molly Hicks (Greenstar AP), Nancy Tran, Natalie Mady, Ng Mai Hoa, Nguyn
Hu Dng,Nguyn Vn Mun, Nguyn Vit Anh, Nhung Nguyn, Oliver John Kerr, Orr Niv, Phan Th
Quyn, Phm c Nguyn, Phm Ngc ng, Philip Sarn, Sheldon de Wit (LEED AP), Rory Martin
(Greenstar AP), Sarah Herrou, Simon Gosse, Tanguy Fabre, Thomas Andr, TrnNgcChn, Victor
Sandoval

Bin dch
VGBC xin trn thnh cm n nhng n lc ca tp th nhn vin Cng ty Ardor Architects gip
chng ti hon thnh vic bin dch ton b Cng c nh gi Cng trnh Xanh LOTUS NR v
LOTUS R.
Chng ti cng xin trn trng cm n nhng thnh vin ca VGBC:
Nh v ch xanh:
Nh lnh o xanh:
Nh ng h xanh:
Hi vin sng lp:

Indochine Engineering, BCI Asia, CB Richard Ellis, Sienna Architecture, Design Worldwide
Partnership, HOK, Bry-Air Malaysia, Hanoi Property Management , Zamil Steel, DP Consulting,
Transform Architecture, Preferred Freezer Services, Korn Architects, UBIK Architects,COMIN Viet
Nam, BON Engineering Consultants Ltd, Archetype Vietnam, Woods Bagot Asia Ltd, Ardor
Architects, ERM Hong Kong Ltd, Saint-Gobain Construction Products Viet Nam, Dragon Capital, DK
Engineering Ltd, Schneider Electric, OUT-2 Design Aurecon.
Hi vin thng:
Trane Viet Nam, Integrated Environmental Solutions, AA Corporation,Akzo Nobel Paints Vietnam
Ltd, Davis Langdon &Seah International (DLS), Legrand, Networld, Holcim, GHD, Group8 Asia
Associates Architects, MocBai JSC, UNDP, Philips, Arup Vietnam Ltd, TTT Architects, B+H Architects
Vietnam, Aedas, Arep Vietnam, Bourbon Anhoa, WA Projects, Kohler.Co, Unicons, KONE Vietnam,
Green Consult Asia,Techconvina, VinhTuong Corp. , Carrier, ADP Architects, LEPROCONS,
Megastar Land, Alinco Ltd. , VNPT Property & Management JSC. , ThanhAn Co. Ltd. , B&C Industries
Co. Ltd. , XellaBaustoffe GmbH, VinaPlanners Ltd, La Vita Trading Company Ltd, E-BLOCK JSC, CPG
Vietnam, Quoc Viet Technology, Vilandco.
Mc lc
Liniu..............................................................................................................................................3
Nhvchxanh:................................................................................................................................4
NhnchungvVGBC.............................................................................................................................10
NhnchungvLOTUS............................................................................................................................10
CngcLOTUSRKhunkhviukinhpcch.........................................................................11
LOTUSNh:HngmcvKhon......................................................................................................12
LutvTiuchuncBindntrongCngcLOTUS...................................................................13
TnhimviLOTUSR.........................................................................................................................15
McxphngLOTUSR........................................................................................................................16
ChngchLOTUSR...............................................................................................................................17
Qutrnhcpchngch.......................................................................................................................18
Nphsvngk...........................................................................................................................19
ChngchLOTUSTmthi..................................................................................................................21
Vng1....................................................................................................................................................22
Npnthngbo..............................................................................................................................22
Nphs.............................................................................................................................................22
nhgi................................................................................................................................................22
Ktqucuicng.................................................................................................................................22
Vng2...................................................................................................................................................23
Chngchtmthi...............................................................................................................................23
ChngchLOTUSchnhthc................................................................................................................24
Hsdn..........................................................................................................................................25
ThmcThngtinchung.....................................................................................................................26
ThmcchomiHngmc................................................................................................................27
ThmcTiliu...................................................................................................................................27
Muinthngtinchungchomihngmc.....................................................................................27
ChngnhnLOTUSchoccchuyngia...............................................................................................28

Hngmc..............................................................................................................................................28
EPR1ThitKThng................................................................................................................33
E1TngMcTiuThNngLngCaCngTrnh......................................................................37
E2VCngTrnh.............................................................................................................................41
E3ThngGiTNhin....................................................................................................................45
E5ChiuSng..................................................................................................................................52
E6NcNng.................................................................................................................................55
E7Nnglngtito.....................................................................................................................59
Nc.....................................................................................................................................................61
W1Thitbtitkimnc.............................................................................................................63
W2Tich/Tisdngnc.........................................................................................................69
W3ThuNcMa.........................................................................................................................73
W4SnVnTitKimNc.......................................................................................................76
Vtliu..................................................................................................................................................79
M1TiSDngVtLiu.................................................................................................................81
M2VtLiuCThnhPhnTiCh...............................................................................................84
M3VtLiuDTiTo...................................................................................................................87
M4GXyDng.............................................................................................................................89
M5Vtliukhngnung..................................................................................................................92
Sinhthi................................................................................................................................................95
Eco1MiTrng.............................................................................................................................97
Eco2BoVLptMu............................................................................................................103
Eco3aDngSinhHc..................................................................................................................106
Eco4ChnVTrXyDng............................................................................................................109
Eco5ThmThcVt.....................................................................................................................112
Eco6MiXanh...............................................................................................................................115
Chtthi&nhim...........................................................................................................................118
WP1GimXThi.........................................................................................................................120

WP2ChtLmLnhTrongiuHa............................................................................................123
WP3PhLiuXyDng................................................................................................................126
WP4KhuTpKtPhThiChoTiCh.......................................................................................130
WP5GimNhimnhSng......................................................................................................132
Sckhe&Tinnghi..........................................................................................................................134
HPR1HtThucLTrongNh.....................................................................................................136
H1ChtLngKhngKhTrongNh...........................................................................................138
H2ChtcHi............................................................................................................................140
H3ChiuSngTNhin................................................................................................................143
H4Cchm....................................................................................................................................148
Thchng&Gimnh........................................................................................................................151
A1PhngChngNgpLt.............................................................................................................153
A2LngNcMaChyTrn..................................................................................................156
A3ChngChuThmHaTNhin..............................................................................................160
A4HiungoNhit................................................................................................................163
A5GiaoThngCngCng.............................................................................................................166
A6VtLiuaPhng................................................................................................................168
Cngng...........................................................................................................................................170
CYPR1ThamVnCngng.......................................................................................................172
CYPR2KhoStBoTnDiSn..................................................................................................173
CYPR3TinNghiChoNgiTnTt...........................................................................................175
CY1KtNiCngng.................................................................................................................177
CY2KhngGianCngCng...........................................................................................................179
Qunl................................................................................................................................................181
ManPR1HngDnSDngCngTrnh...................................................................................183
Man1GiaionThitK..............................................................................................................185
Man2GiaionXyDng............................................................................................................188
Man3Kimnh(Cx).....................................................................................................................191

Man4DuyTu..................................................................................................................................195
Sngkin.............................................................................................................................................197
Inn1KhuynKhchNhngThnhTchNiBt.............................................................................199
Inn2SngKinCngNgh/Tng............................................................................................201
Phlc................................................................................................................................................203
Nhn chung v VGBC

Hi ng Cng Trnh Xanh Vit Nam (VGBC) l mt chng trnh ca t chc Green Cities Fund
Inc., (GCF), mt phi chnh ph quc t t ti Oakland, California, M. VGBC hng ti mc tiu tr
thnh im hi t cho gii nghin cu, chnh ph v t nhn cng gp sc v hng ti mt mi
trng xy dng bn vng v thch ng Bin i Kh hu (BKH) cho Vit Nam.
Hi ng c chnh thc cng nhn bi B Xy Dng (thng 3 nm 2009) v tip tc nhn
c ng h v c vn php lut v k thut t B. Vo thng 9 nm 2009, VGBC cng gia
nhp vo Mng li Hi ng Cng trnh Xanh Th gii ti khu vc chu Thi Bnh Dng.
Nhng tiu ch chnh trong hot ng ca Hi ng VGBC bao gm:
Thc y nhn thc v cng trnh xanh qua hi tho v cc ngun thng tin trc tuyn
Pht trin cc cng c nh gi cng trnh xanh (LOTUS)
Xc lp v thc hin chng trnh hun luyn v kim tra v T vn xanh (Chuyn vin t vn
LOTUS)
To ra C s d liu xanh (cho sn phm v dch v)
Tip tc nghin cu v thch ng vi BKH cho mi trng xy dng
y mnh quan h vi gii nghin cu, chnh ph v nhng i tc t khu vc t nhn
Nhn chung v LOTUS
LOTUS bao gm mt nhm cc cng c nh gi mang tnh th trng nhm nh gi cc cng

trnh xanh. Cng c ny c pht trin bi Hi ng Cng Trnh Xanh Vit Nam cho mi trng
xy dng Vit Nam.
Cng c LOTUS c xy dng da trn c s nhng cng c nh gi cng trnh xanh tn ti
trn th gii (LEED, Green Star, BREEAM, GBI, Green Mark, Greenship,) v cng c mt mc tiu
chung l xy dng cc tiu chun, ng tiu chun gip ngnh xy dng ca cc nc tr nn
thn thin hn vi mi trng v bo v ti nguyn t nhin.
10

Cng c LOTUS c nghin cu trong mt thi gian di vi nhiu kin ng gp t pha cc
chuyn gia cng c ph hp hn vi iu kin kinh t, kh hu, v cc tiu chun, chnh sch
vn c ti Vit Nam.
Khi chnh thc hon thnh, h thng nh gi LOTUS s bao gm cc cng c sau:
LOTUS cho cng trnh phi nh (LOTUS NR)
LOTUS cho nh dn dng (LOTUS R)
LOTUS cho cc cng trnh s dng
Cng c LOTUS R - Khun kh v iu kin hp cch

Cng c LOTUS R ch nh gi mt cng trnh nguyn vn v ring bit. VGBC cng c th xem xt
nh gi cho mt phn cng trnh vi iu kin l phn cng trnh phi c ranh gii r rang
tch bit vi cc kt cu cng trnh khc v phi c nh gi vi nhng hng dn c th t
VGBC. D n xy dng bao gm nhiu nh bit lp hoc song lp cng c th c nh gi vi
LOTUS R di s hng dn ca VGBC.
LOTUS R c pht trin theo cch phn loi cng trnh nh trong Ngh nh 209/2004/ND-CP v
Qun l Cht lng Cng trnh Xy dng. LOTUS R p dng cho cc d n xy dng cng trnh
dn dng vi t nht 70% din tch sn phc v nhu cu (khng tnh din tch bi xe). Nu
din tch ca cng trnh nm trong khong t 30% n 70% tng din tch sn, xin lin h VGBC
c hng dn c th v cng c nh gi ph hp cho cng trnh ca bn.
VGBChi ur ngtrongm td nxyd ngt nt inhi uh nch khchquan.Nh ngh nch nyc
th ch linquant im td nnh t nhho cg nv im tlo icngtrnhvchngcth c ntr
vi c d n t
c m t s i u Ki n Tin Quy t (KTQ) ho c Kho n nh t nh trong cng c
LOTUS.Vv y,n ud ncth di ngi im ih nch vch ngminhr ngm igi iphpcth u
ccnnh cnh ngv nkhngth gipcngtrnh tyuc uc am ts KTQvKho nnh t
nh,thd ncth b quaccyuc unh ngph id
is chophpc aVGBC.Quy t nh
chophpd nb quam ts yuc utrongLOTUSs ch
c arasaukhiVGBCxemxtk
tnhtr ngd nv
cs ch pthu nc aH i ngC v nK thu tVGBC.
11
LOTUS Nh : Hng mc v Khon

Cng c nh gi LOTUS cho cng trnh l nh c thit k bao gm 9 hng mc (cng vi
hng mc Sng kin), mi hng mc gm nhiu khon. Trong mi khon, c cc tiu ch, mi tiu
ch u n nh mt s im thng nht nh.
Cn lu l mt s iu kin tin quyt (PR) c t ra cho hu ht cc mc. Cc cng trnh bt
buc phi hon thnh cc tiu ch ny nu mun t c chng ch.
Tit kim nng lng (E) - hn ch lng nng lng tiu th trong mt cng trnh qua vic
nng mc cch nhit, sdng thng gi t nhin v cc thit b tit kim in (nh thit b iu
ha, chiu sng, un nc nng,).
Tit kim nc (W) Nhm gim thiu mc tiu th nc trong cng trnh qua vic s dng thit
b tit kim nc, tn dng nc ma, ti ch/ti s dng nc v nhiu cch khc.
Tit kim vt liu (M) Nhm gim thiu tiu th cc loi vt liu tiu tn nhiu nng lng trong
qu trnh sn xut, vn dng ti a cc vt liu ti s dng hoc ti ch v tng cng vic s
dng cc vt liu lp ghp.
Sinh thi (Eco) Nhm bo v h sinh thi ca cc khu vc d n v khu vc xung quanh, ng
thi bo v lp t mu v a dng sinh thi.
Cht thi v nhim (WP) Nhm gim thiu lng x thi trong qu trnh xy dng cng nh
vn hnh ca cng trnh, v khuyn khch cc hot ng ti ch.
Sc khe v tin nghi (H) Nhm m bo cht lng mi trng trong nh qua vic tn dng ti
a chiu sng t nhin, m rng tm nhn, ti u ha cht lng khng kh trong nh, m bo
tin nghi nhit v gim ting n.
Thch ng v gim nh (A) Trong hon cnh Vit Nam c lit vo danh sch 5 quc gia chu
nh hng nng n nht t bin i kh hu, cc bin php thch ng v gim nh hu qu cn
phi c a vo thit k ca cc cng trnh (v d: d bo mc lt, chng chi gi mnh, hn
hn, v gim nh cc hu qu mi trng qua vic gim kh thi nh knh).
Cng ng (CY) Nhm m bo s gn kt ca mt cng trnh vi cng ng xung quanh qua
cc hot ng xin kin cng ng, tn trng cc gi tr vn ha v to iu kin cho cc hot
ng ca ngi khuyt tt trong cng trnh.
12

Qun l (Man) Nhm m bo rng, cc mc tiu t ra trong tng bc ca qu trnh xy dng
(thit k, xy dng, vn hnh th nghim v vn hnh chnh thc) c qun l y v hiu
qu.
Thm vo cc khon trn cn c hng mc Sng kin (Inn), mc ny thng im cho cc ng
dng t hiu qu cao hn yu cu ca LOTUS v c cng nhn l sng kin xut pht khng t
gi ca LOTUS. im c c trong mc ny s c gi l im thng thm.
Lut v Tiu chun c Bin dn trong Cng c LOTUS

Cng c LOTUS NR dn ra 27 lut v tiu chun Vit Nam cng nh 5 tiu chun nc ngoi c lin
quan ti xy dng cng trnh xanh. Trong s ny c nhiu lut bt buc i vi mi cng trnh xy
dng ti Vit Nam. S d VGBC a cc yu cu c quy nh trong lut php Vit Nam tr
thnh iu Kin Tin Quyt i vi cng c LOTUS l nhn mnh rng mi cng trnh t
chng ch LOTUS phi tun th cc yu cu ti thiu quy nh trong lut php v a ra c
bng chng chng minh. ng thi qua , LOTUS s gip nng cao nhn thc chp hnh cc yu
cu quy nh trong lut.
Trong cc lnh vc c sn cc quy nh hin hnh trong lut cng nh nhng hng dn trong
tiu chun Vit Nam, LOTUS tham kho hoc da vo cc quy nh xy dng yu cu cho
cc Khon. Tuy nhin, trong nhiu trng hp ngnh xy dng Vit Nam v ang da vo
nhiu tiu chun quc t. Chnh v vy, ngoi tr trng hp khng c tiu/quy chun bin dn do
Nh nc ban hnh, VGBC lun ch trng vic s dng cc tiu chun trong nc.
Mc ch ca danh sch di y l nhm ch r mi lut, tiu chun m LOTUS yu cu cc cng
trnh ng k chng ch phi xem xt nh yu cu ti thiu. Xin lu , danh sch ny khng lit k
ton b lut v tiu chun p dng cho cng trnh phi dn dng. Chnh v vy, cc d n xy dng
khng nn s dng danh sch ny nh mt danh mc lit k cc lut, tiu chun cn phi tun
th. Trong khi chng ti c gng a vo cc lut, tiu chun cp nht nht cng cc lut, tiu
chun b sung, thay th, ban d n vn phi c trch nhim kim tra v tun th theo cc iu
lut v tiu chun cp nht nht. Ni cch khc, khi cc lut, tiu chun c lit k trong danh
sch sau c thay th, sa i hay b sung, cc d n phi t ng tm hiu v p dng nhng
thay i ny.
13
Th loi
Vit/
Quc t
Php ch v cc tiu chun
Quy nh
chung
Vit
Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP v qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng
Nng Lng
Vit
QCVN Cc Cng Trnh Xy Dng S Dng Nng Lng CHiu Qu - EEBC

QCVN 02:2009/BXD Quy chun k thut quc gia v s liu iu kin t nhin
Nc
Vit
dng trong xy dng

TCVN 5502:2003 Nc cp sinh hot Yu cu cht lng
Ngh nh s 175-CP Ngy 18-10-1994 ca Chnh ph V hng dn thi hnh Lut
Bo v mi trng Ngh nh 143/2004/N-CP sa i b sung iu14
Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph V vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn
thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v Mi trng Ngh nh s 29/2011/N-CP
ca chnh ph ban hnh ngy 18/4/2011 quy nh v nh gi mi trng chin
lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng, cam k bo v mi trng. Ngh nh c hiu
lc t 5/6/2011 v thay th cc quy nh ti cc iu 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 v
17
TCVN 7358-5:2007 Cht lng t. Ly mu - Phn 5: Hng dn thc hin nh
gi cc khu t th v cng nghip lin quan n nhim t
TCVN 7629:2007 Ngng cht thi nguy hi
Sinh Thi
Vit
TCVN 6647:2007 Cht lng t. X l s b mu phn tch l-ha
TCVN 7370-2:2007 Cht lng t. Phng php ha tan xc nh hm lng
tng s cc nguyn t. - Phn 2: Phng php ha tan bng kim nng chy
TCVN 7538-5:2007 Cht lng t. Ly mu - Phn 5: Hng dn thc hin nh
gi cc khu t th v cng nghip lin quan n nhim t
TCVN 7370-2:2007 Cht lng t. Phng php ha tan xc nh hm lng
tng s cc nguyn t. - Phn 2: Phng php ha tan bng kim nng chy
Quyt nh 2920-Q-MTg (21/12/2006) Quyt nh v vic p dng cc tiu
chun Vit Nam v mi trng B Khoa Hc, Cng Ngh v Mi Trng
Cht thi&
nhim
Vit
QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot (thay
th TCVN 6772-2000)
TCVN 5687 : 2010 Thng gi-iu ha, Tiu chun thit k
Vit
TCXDVN 306:2004 Nh v cng trnh cng cng Thng s Vi kh hu trong

phng.
TCXDVN 277-2002: Cch m cho cc kt cu phn cch bn trong nh dn dng
Sc
khe&Tin
nghi
TCXDVN 175 2005 :Mc n ti a cho php trong cng trnh cng cng Tiu
chun thit k
B tiu chun ASHRAE 62.1-2007
Quct
Tiu chunAS 1668.2

CIBSE Hng dn B Si, Thn gi, iu ha Khng kh v Lm lnh
14

ISO 717 - 1 nh gi cch m trong cc cng trnh xy dng v kt cu xy dng.
Phn 1: Cch m khng kh
ISO 717 - 2 m hc- nh gi cch m trong cc cng trnh xy dng v kt cu
xy dng - Phn 2 Cch m va chm
Thch
ng&Gim
nh
TCVN 2737-2006 Ti trng v Tc ng

Vit
Thng t s 18/2010/TT-BXD Quy nh vic p dng quy chun, tiu chun trong
hot ng xy dng
Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP v sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s
80/2006/N-CP- c sa i b sung mt s iu v vic quy nh chi tit v hng
dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng: iu 4, iu 5, khon 1 iu 6,
iu 11, iu 17, khon 3 iu 22 v b sung cc iu 6a, im b khon 1 iu 13,
Cng ng
Vit
iu 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d, 21a, 23a

Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP v sa i v b sung mt s iu trong Ngh nh s
80/2006/ND-CP
Lut Di sn Vn ha, Khon 37.1 v 37.2
QCXDVN 01:2002 Quy chun xy dng cng trnh m bo ngi tn tt tip
cn s dng
Thng t s 22/2010/TT-BXD Quy nh v an ton lao ng trong thi cng xy dng
Qun l
Vit
cng trnh
Tnh im vi LOTUS R
H thng tnh im cho LOTUS R c thc hin trn c s phn tch cc cng c nh gi cng
trnh xanh khc cng vi vic cn nhc k cc vn mi trng ang tn ti Vit Nam.
Sau mt kho st vi cc cng c nh gi cng trnh xanh khc nh: LEED cho Nh (Chung c
Trung tng), GBI (Malaysia) Cng trnh Nh Xy mi V.1 v Green Star (c) Chung c V.1. VGBC
tng kt cc cch phn b im s cho mi cng c v thit k li ph hp vi nhu cu v th
trng Vit Nam (Bng 1).
15

Bng. 1 Phn
P
b im
m trong tng hng
h
mc LOTTUS R
H
Hng
mc
im (%
%)
S im cao
c nht
Nng l
ng
24
31
1
Nc
14
18
8
Vt liu
u
13
17
7
Sinh thi
10
13
3
Cht th
hi & nhim
10
0
Sc kh
e & tin nghi
10
13
3
Thch ng
& gim nh
h
12
2
Cng ng
Qun l
10
0
100 %
130
0
Tng s
m cho mi kh
hon v hng
g mc u c
phn b
theo h th
hng im trrn.
S im
Mc x
p hng LOTUS
L
R
L
R l 130,
1
cng v
i 8 im th
hng cho h
hng mc Sng kin.
Tng im cho ton cng c LOTUS
m xp hn
ng sau c a ra sau khi
k kho st cc cng c
nh gi kh
hc (Bng 2).
Nhng mc
Theo k
t qu nghi
n cu t c, mc x
p hng th nht cho c
ng c LOTU
US R c xc lp ti
mc 52 im, 40% tng s im
m. S im ny th hin mc th
hc hin t
ng i tt v
v l yu
t

c cp chn
ng ch. Nhng mc xp hng
h
tip th
heo c xcc lp trn c
s tng
cu ti thiu
15% tn
ng s im so vi mc x
p hng tr
c n.
05
51im
KHNGC
CHNGNHN
5271im
CHNGNHN
7290im
BC
911
130im
VNG
Biu . 1 H thng nh gi & Mc

M chng nh
hn
16
Chng ch LOTUS R
Chng ch LOTUS bao gm mt qu trnh nh gi tnh thn thin mi trng mt d n xy dng

da theo thang tiu chun ca cng c LOTUS. D n s phi np h s bao gm cc ti liu m t
y cng trnh xy dng c th nhn c chng ch.
C hai mc nh gi m d n phi vt qua t c chng ch LOTUS chnh thc:
Chng ch LOTUS Tm thi
Chng ch LOTUS Chnh thc
Hai mc ny tip ni nhau v mt chng ch LOTUS Chnh thc ch c cp khi cng trnh t
c Chng ch LOTUS Tm thi.
Chng ch LOTUS Tm thi c th c cp sau bc thit k. Chng ch LOTUS Tm thi cng
nhn rng tt c nhng yu cu cng nh nhng gii php cn thit v thit k, xy dng
c ln k hoch y nhm gip cng trnh tr thnh mt cng trnh xanh. Chng ch
tm thi ny c hiu lc trong vng 2 nm t thi im hon thnh vic nh gi v vn hnh
th. Vic ny cho cng trnh c hi qung co nh mt cng trnh xanh t nhng giai on
u, trc khi nhn c chng ch chnh thc.
Chng ch LOTUS Chnh thc ch c th c cp sau khi cng trnh hon thin v c a
vo vn hnh trong t nht 18 thng (vi t nht 50% din tch theo thit k c s dng).
Chng ch LOTUS Chnh thc c hiu lc trong vng 3 nm v s phi c gia hn sau thi
gian . Chng ch ny chng nhn rng tt c cc yu cu ca mt cng trnh xanh c
bao gm trong cng trnh hon thin nh cp trong cng c nh gi LOTUS v nh mc
tiu ban u ra. nhng khon cng trnh xy dng thc t khc vi thit k c chng
nhn vi chng ch LOTUS Tm thi, d n phi chng minh c rng nhng thay i ny
mang li hiu qu mi trng tng ng hoc hn trc nu mun nhn c im.
Nhng hng dn sau y ch ra nhng bc cn thit t c chng ch LOTUS chnh thc:
1.
Gi h s v ng k
2.
Chng ch LOTUS tm thi
3.
Chng ch LOTUS chnh thc
17
Qu trnh cp chng ch
18
Np h s v ng k
Khi mt d n xy dng ng k vi VGBC, d n th hin nh mun c cp chng ch LOTUS

vi Hi ng Cng Trnh Xanh Vit Nam v y cng l bc u tin trong qu trnh cp chng
ch.
19
Vi tt c cc cng trnh trong qu trnh chng nhn, tt c cc yu cu c chng nhn u

phi c p ng y . Trch nhim ca i din bn ng k l phi m bo chc rng ch
nhng cng trnh t yu cu mi c ng k cho chng ch. VGBC c quyn khng cp chng
nhn cho nhng d n khng t yu cu ra. Nu c thc mc v kh nng t yu cu ca d
n, xin lin h vi VGBC.
Cc cng trnh ng k s phi in y cc thng tin vo n ng k v gi v VGBC.
Khi nhn c n ng k, VGBC s kim tra nhm m bo n ng k cng cc loi giy t

yu cu c np y .
Trong trng hp ti liu gi n thiu hoc khng ng, ngi ng k s c thng bo v
c c hi gi thm/gi li nhng ti liu .

Mt khi d n c ng k, VGBC s yu cu np Ph ng k/Chng nhn. ng thi, mt
Tha Thun Chng Nhn Tm Thi trong lit k r tt c cc iu kin cn thit s c a

ra k kt gia VGBC v Bn ng k.
Khi nhn c ph ng k v mt bn sao Tha Thun Chng Nhn Tm Thi c ch k ca
c hai bn, qu trnh ng k hon thnh. Bn ng k s nhn c M S D n (PIN) v tn

ngi i din VGBC cho qu trnh chng nhn. Ti thi im ny, Bn ng k s c ra ngi
i din bn ng k trong khun kh d n v ngi ny s l ngi lin lc chnh vi VGBC.
20
Chng ch LOTUS Tm thi
Nhm thit k d n s phi xc nh nhng mc chng nhn m h mun t c ngay t bc

u ca khu thit k.
21
Sau qu trnh ng k, Nhm thit k ca d n s phi chun b cc bng chng theo yu cu ca

cng c LOTUS nhm thuyt phc VGBC rng d n t c cc iu kin tin quyt cng nh
cc khon nhm ti. Cc ti liu chng minh s bao gm cc bn v, tnh ton v mt s ti liu
khc (dng tp tin in t) nh nu trong Phn Np H s ca mi khon trong Hng dn k
thut LOTUS.
Vng1
Np n thng bo
Khi Nhm thit k d n chun b y mi bng chng cho VGBC xem xt, Ngi i din
cho Bn ng k s np cho i din VGBC mt n thng bo, trong ghi r ngy np ton b
h s cho VGBC. Thng bo phi n trc ngy np h s t nht l 2 tun.
Np h s
Ngi i din bn ng k phi np tt c nhng bng chng yu cu cho vic nh gi Chng
ch LOTUS Tm thi. VGBC khuyn ngh rng tt c cc vn bn bng chng ny phi c np
trc khi bt u xy dng m bo vic qun l d n c tin hnh hiu qu.
Thng tin chi tit v vic Np h s c th c tm trong Np h s
nh gi
Cc h s np ti i din VGBC s c nh gi bi Hi ng Thm nh (VGBC). Hi ng ny
bao gm nhiu chuyn gia ca VGBC cng nh chuyn gia t bn ngoi do qun l d n ca
VGBC ng u. Kt qu thm nh ca hi ng sau s c xem xt li bi Hi ng C vn
K tht VGBC, gm cc thnh phn chuyn gia ca VGBC cng nh cc chuyn gia khc.
Kt qu cui cng
Nu tt c cc s liu cung cp u chng minh rng thit k ca cng trnh tun th cc yu cu
ca cng c LOTUS c chn, chng ch LOTUS Tm thi cng mt thng bo chi tit v kt qu
nh gi cui cng s c i din VGBC gi ti i din bn ng k.
22
Vng 2
Trong trng hp nhng bng chng cn thit cho vic nh gi chng ch tm thi khng c
np Vng 1 hoc bn ng k mun c c hi ci thin im s c chng nhn mc
cao hn, h cn mt c hi duy nht np h s ln 2 v c nh gi li. Khi , ngi i
din bn ng k c quyn a ra thm bng chng chng minh cho Hi ng Thm nh VGBC
thy rng nhng Khon c chn u c p ng. Ti a, s khon c xem xt v nh gi
li l 5. Qu con s ny, mi khon nh gi li s phi np thm ph.
Chng ch tm thi
Cui vng 2, mt chng ch LOTUS tm thi s c cp da trn s im sau nh gi v s c

lit vo mt trong nhng mc chng ch sau: Chng nhn LOTUS, LOTUS Bc, LOTUS Vng. Chng
ch LOTUS Tm thi c gi tr trong 2 nm. tip tc qung co cng trnh vi chng ch LOTUS,
d n phi chng minh c rng cng trnh c xy dng v vn hnh nh trong thit k
c cp chng ch LOTUS chnh thc.
23
Chng ch LOTUS chnh thc
Sau khi d n kt thc, cng trnh hon chnh s c s c nh gi qua s liu sau hon thin
v s liu vn hnh. Cc chi tit v cch v yu cu v ti liu s c cung cp bi VGBC qua lin
24

h trc tip.
t
Bc kim tra ny s c tin
n hnh 18 th
hng sau khi cng trnh xxy dng ch
hnh thc
hon thnh v a vo s dng
g (vi mc s dng t nh
ht l 50% th
hit k). Ch
ng ch cp sau
s khu
kim traa cui cng s
s c hiu l
c trong 3 nm.
Trong bc
b
nh gi
g cp chn
ng ch LOTUSS Tm thi, ngi i din
d
bn ng k phi np
n n
thng bo
b 2 tun trrc khi np
p h s cui cng. Qu trnh nh gi cp ch
ng ch LOTU
US Chnh
thc t
ng t nh qu
q trnh nh gi cho chng
c
ch LO
OTUS Tm thi v cng gm hai v
ng nh
gi. S khc
k
bit gi
a hai qu trnh
t
nh gi
g ny nm ch thay v nh gi da trn cc ti liu
thit k,, nh gi cp chng ch LOTUS Chnh thc daa trn bng chng
c
sau qu trnh xy dng v
trong kh
hi vn hnh.
Chng ch
c LOTUS Chnh thc s
c VGBC
C cp sau khii hon thnh
h bc nh gi cui cn
ng.
Cc cn
ng trnh s c
c th c cp chng ch Chng nhn LOTUSS, LOTUS Bc hoc LOTUS Vng
da trn
n s im nh
hn c.
Hiu qu
u vn hnh
h ca cc cng trnh s phi c nh
gi li 3 nm mtt ln tip
p tc gi
chng ch
c LOTUS c cp.
Np h s
B h s
c np phi bao g
m nhng bng chng chng
c
minh cng trnh t cc yu cu
m cng
g c LOTUS ra trong c qu trnh
h cp chng
g ch LOTUS Tm thi v LOTUS Chnh thc.
Trong phn
p
sau yy, mt khung
g h s s
c miu t chi tit.
vic cung cp bng chng cho
c bc nh gi sau khi np n
n thng bo
o c thun
n li, i
din VG
GBC s cung cp cho i din bn ng
k cc ti
t liu hn
ng dn vic np h s, trong
t
bao gm
m cc Mu in
thng tin chung cho

o mi Hng mc.
m
M ui nthngtin//Ti
li u trnh
T ptili uchom i
H ngm c/Th
ngtinchungg
0Thng tiinchung
1Nngl
ng
2Nc
3Vtliu
4Sinhthi
5Chtthi&nhim
6Sckhee&Tinnghi
7Thchn
ng&Gimnh
H s
H
8Cng
ng
d n
9Qunl
H s d
n l tn t
p ti
10Sngkiin
nh m khi ho
on chnh s c
liu chn
25

chuyn ti cho i din VGBC nh gi. Tp h s gm 11 th mc bao gm th mc cho cc
Hng mc nh gi LOTUS v th mc Thng tin chung.
Hai bn H s d n phi c gi ti VGBC trong dng hai a CD-ROM vo ng hn np nh
tha thun trong n thng bo.
Ngi i din bn ng k phi s dng cch sp xp cc th mc nh ch ra trn. Cc
hng dn c th cho vic lp v sp xp cc th mc Thng tin chung, th mc cho Hng mc v
th mc cha Ti liu s c cp r hn trong phn sau.
Th mc Thng tin chung
Tt c thng tin d n phi c bao gm trong Tp thng tin chung. Vic khng in y
thng tin s nh hng ti vic xc nhn cc bng chng khi nh gi cng trnh trong mi
Khon.
Cng c nh hng LOTUS (LOTUS Pathway) s phi c hon thnh y v c trong th
mc ny. Ngoi vic a ra mt tm tt cho tt c cc Khon m d n mun np, n cn gip
VGBC c c nhng thng tin quan trng v d n.
Nhng thng tin chung di y phi c in y :
Mt tm tt d n bao gm:
Tm tt cc c im mi trng
Danh sch t vn vin (T vn vin LOTUS, C kh, in, phng chng chy n, vn
hnh v kim nh, kin trc s, ch thu)
Cc c im ca d n c th nh hng n vic nh gi (v d: bn thit k cp

nhiu tn khc nhau ca cng trnh, thay i thnh vin trong nhm d n)
Tm tt nhng thch thc gp phi khi tp hp H s LOTUS
Cung cp bn sao cc trao i qua li gia i din bn ng k (bn d n) v i din

VGBC m ni dung c nh hng n vic nh gi
Mt b ti liu bao gm:
Bn v v chi tit ca tt c cc thit k kin trc, c kh, phng chng chy, in, thng
gi, nc v h thng iu khin. Thng tin ny c th c gp vo di dng mt a
CD-ROM ring gip cho vic nh gi c d dng.
26
VGBC gi tt c cc thng tin chi tit c np di dng .PDF v nhng bn v quan

trng di dng giy.
Th mc cho mi Hng mc
Trong cc Th mc cho mi Hng mc c cha cc th mc nh hn cho mi Khon ca cng c
LOTUS.
Th mc Ti liu
Tng Th mc cho Hng mc cha mt th mc ti liu trong cha ton b ti liu chng minh
cho mi Hng mc.
Mu in thng tin chung cho mi hng mc
Mu in thng tin chung cho mi hng mc tm tt cch thc mt d n t c yu cu ca
tng khon v xu chui tt c ti liu c np thnh mt bng chng chng minh. Mc ch ca
n l gii thiu cc tiu ch trong mt Khon v l mu chun cho cc thng tin phn hi khi nh
gi bi VGBC.
n gin ha qu trnh nh gi, Mu in thng tin chung cho mi hng mc c cung
cp sn. Ton b cc mc trong mi khon c chn bao gm c cc KTQ, phi c hon tt
v np cho VGBC.
Tng Mu in thng tin chung bao gm nhng phn bt buc phi hon thnh sau:
Thng tin Chung: Bao gm v d n v giai on np h s cho mi hng mc
im : nh du vo ng im t c cho mi Khon
Cch thc thc hin: Tm tt chi tit gii thch cch gii quyt vn , phng php p dng,
nhng nt chnh, kt qu v nhng kh khn gp phi trong qu trnh hon thnh cc yu cu
ca mi Khon (Khong 2000 t)
Thng tin c bit: Ch in nu cn thit
Ti liu i km: Hon thnh bng theo cch sau
in tn chnh xc ca th mc in t trong phn Tn ti liu.
Gii thch qua l do ti sao ti liu li cn thit cho vic nh gi trong phn Mc ch
ca ti liu.
nh km ti liu di dng in t vo phn Lin kt ti liu bng cch nhn chut

phi v thm kt ni (insert hyperlink), la chn tp v in tn tp
27
in Ch dn phn tham kho hng dn ngi i din VGBC khi nh gi nhiu

ti liu trong cng mt Khon (v d: trang 10, 25, Mc 3.4, bng 4.3).
Chng nhn LOTUS cho cc chuyn gia

Mt trong nhng vai tr quan trng ca VGBC l o to v nng cao trnh ca cc chuyn vin
trong lnh vc xy dng xanh. Tm im trong cc hot ng o to ca Hi ng l Chng
trnh o to Chuyn vin t vn LOTUS m kt qu s l cc Chuyn vin t vn LOTUS (LOTUS
AP) c cng nhn bi VGBC sau khi tri qua mt k thi nh gi.
LOTUS AP l nhng chuyn gia hot ng trong ngnh xy dng, c hiu bit cn k v mi
phng din ca cng c LOTUS. Danh sch cc LOTUS AP c lit k trong C s D liu Xanh.
Hng mc
Trong bng di y, tt c iu kin tin quyt (KTQ) c trong cng c LOTUS R c lit k.
Vi mi KTQ, khi ng ring hay bao hm trong mt khon, u phi c thc hin nh l yu
cu ti thiu cho tt c cc d n ng k chng ch LOTUS R.
Khon
E-PR-1 Phn tch thit
k th ng
E-1 Tng s dng
nng lng trong
cng trnh
Tiu Ch
KTQ
Tin hnh phn tch thit k th ng
KTQ NL 1
Gim 10% mc tiu th nng lng ton cng trnh so vi m hnh c

s
KTQ NL 2
E-2 V cng trnh
OTTV ca cc kt cu tng v mi m bo yu cu ca EEBC
KTQ NL 3
E-3 Thng gi t
nhin
E-4 iu ha khng
kh
Din tch s dng (NOA) khng c iu ha phi c thng gi t

nhin
KTQ NL 4
COP ca cc thit b iu ha phi t cc yu cu ca EEBC
KTQ NL 5
E-5 Chiu sng
Mt cng sut chiu sng m bo yu cu ca EEBC
KTQ NL 6
W-1 Thit b tit kim

nc
Qua vic s dng thit b tit kim nc, gim 10% mc tiu th nc
sinh hot ca cng trnh so vi m hnh c s
KTQ Nc 1
Khng xy dng trn t c gi tr sinh thi cao
KTQ Sinh thi 1
Thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM)
KTQ Sinh thi 2
Eco-1 Mi trng
WP-1 Gim x thi
Thit k tun theo QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc

gia v nc thi sinh hot
KTQ CT&N 1
28
Tt c cc cht lm lnh c h s gy hin ng nh knh trong vng

100 nm (GWP100) 2000
-VTt c cht lm lnh c h s suy gim tng ozon (ODP) < 0,05
KTQ CT&N 2
WP-3 Pht thi xy

dng
H-PR-1 Ht thuc l
trong nh
Xy dng v p dng mt k hoch c th cho vic qun l cc

cht/vt liu thi ra trong qu trnh ph hy hoc xy mi
KTQ CT&N 3
Cm ht thuc l ti mi khu vc s dng chung ca cng trnh
KTQ SK&TN 1
H-2 Cht c hi
Bo co Cht c hi
KTQ SK&TN 2
Lp mt bo co cnh bo ngp lt cho khu cng trnh
KTQ T&GN 1
Thng bo rng ri cc thng tin v phng tin giao thng tp th

sn c ti ngi s dng cng trnh
KTQ T&GN 2
WP-2 Cht lm lnh

trong iu ha
A-1 Phng chng

ngp lt
A-5 Giao thng tp
th
CY-PR-1 KTQ Cng
ng 1
CY-PR-2 KTQ Cng
ng 2
CY-PR-3 Tin nghi cho
ngi tn tt
Man-PR-1 Hng dn
S dng Cng trnh
Man-1 Giai on thit
k
Man-2 Giai on xy
dng
Ly kin ngi dn
Thc hin mt bn kho st di sn ti khu t cng trnh (mt phn
ca TM)
Tun th QCXDVN 01:2002 Quy chun xy dng cng trnh m
bo ngi tn tt tip cn s dng
Cung cp Hng dn S dng Cng trnh cho mi cn h, ch cng
trnh/ban qun l cng trnh
Thc hin Cuc hp ng gp tng Thit k Gip Tit kim Nng
lng v Vt liu (Eco-Charrette)
Xy dng v p dng cc k hoch v chnh sch m bo an ton
KTQ C 1
KTQ C 2
KTQ C 3
KTQ QL 1
KTQ QL 2
KTQ QL 3
29
Khi th ha ang l xu hng pht trin trn ton th

gii th cc cng trnh xy dng tr thnh th phm chnh
chu trch nhim cho khong t 20-40% tng lng in
tiu th v hn 30% tng lng pht thi kh nh knh.
Trong bi cnh cc cng trnh xy dng th l ngun

tiu th nng lng chnh ti Vit Nam, vic a cc gii
php tit kim nng lng vo cc ta nh ny s gip
gim tc ng ca BKH v ci thin tnh hnh an ninh
nng lng. Vi cc gii php thit k thng minh, cc
cng trnh xy dng c th tit kim ti 50% lng in
nng tiu th v gip gim nh tc ng ca BKH.
Trn tinh thn Cng c LOTUS NR khuyn khch mi
n lc tit kim nng lng nh ti u ha thit k th
ng v tng hiu qu thit k s dng phn mm gi
nh. ng thi, cc Khon trong Hng mc Nng lng
u hng ti gim tiu th nng lng thng qua vic
ti u ha lp v cng trnh, tn dng thng gi t nhin,
cc cng ngh hiu sut cao, v khai thc ngun nng
lng ti to.
Nng lng
Ti mt t nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam, trong

khi th ha v pht trin kinh t ang mang li i
sng tt hn cho ngi dn, th n cng ko theo nhu
cu tiu th nng lng tng cao. Theo B Xy Dng, nhu
cu nng lng s tng 10% mi nm t 2010 n 2025,
nh vy nhu cu nng lng nm 2025 s gp 3 ln hin
gi v cn sn lng in gp 8 ln hin ti p ng.
Thm vo , Vit Nam vn ph thuc nhiu vo nhit
in t nhin liu ha thch, dn n vic gia tng x thi
kh nh knh, nguyn nhn gy bin i kh hu.
Nng lng
Khon
Tiu Ch
E-PR-1 Thit k
Tin hnh phn tch thit k th ng
th ng
Gim 10% mc tiu th nng lng ton cng trnh so vi m hnh c s
E-1 Tng s dng
nng lng trong Gim 13% mc tiu th nng lng ton cng trnh so vi m hnh c s
cng trnh
1 im mi khi gim thm 3% so vi mc tiu th nng lng ton cng trnh so vi m
hnh c s (ti a 52%)
31
im
im
KTQ NL1
KTQ NL 2
1
14
KTQ NL 3
E-2 V cng trnh OTTV ca cc kt cu tng v mi gim c 10% so vi mc yu cu ca EEBC
1 im mi khi gim thm 10% so vi mc yu cu v OTTV ca kt cu tng v mi

quy nh trong EEBC (ti a 40%)
80% tng din tch s dng chung trong cng trnh phi c thit k nhm
tn dng thng gi xuyn phng v khng c iu ha nhit
KTQ NL 4
E-3 Thng gi t
20% din tch phi c thit k nhm tn dng thng gi xuyn phng
nhin
1 im mi khi c thm 20% din tch c thit k nhm tn dng thng gi

xuyn phng (ti a 80%)
E-4 iu ha
khng kh
E-5 Chiu sng
1
4
KTQ NL 5
COP ca cc thit b iu ha phi vt 10% yu cu ca EEBC
1 im mi khi tng thm 10% so vi mc yu cu v COP cho cc thit b iu ha ca

EEBC (ti a 30%)
KTQ NL 6
Mt cng sut chiu sng vt 50% yu cu ca EEBC
Nh thp tng (t 3 tng tr xung)

H thng un nc nng bng nng lng mt tri phc v t nht 60% nhu cu
nc nng trong cng trnh
1
2
Nh cao tng (trn 3 tng)

E-6 Nc nng
Hiu sut nhit ca h thng un nc nng bng nhin liu vt 5% yu cu ca

EEBC
-HOCH thng un nc nng bng nng lng mt tri phc v t nht 40% nhu cu
EEBC

E-7 Nng
lng ti to
10% tng tiu th nng lng trong cng trnh n t ngun nng lng ti to
31

0.5% tng tiu th nng lng trong cng trnh n t ngun nng lng ti to
32
E-PR-1 Thit K Th ng
Mc ch
Nhm xc nh, phn tch v tch hp cc gii php thit k gip tn dng cc ngun nng lng
t nhin trong khi vn m bo c tin nghi cho ngi s dng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Tin hnh phn tch thit k th ng v lp bo co
im
KTQ NL 1
Tng Quan
Phn Tch Thit K Th ng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng Lng 1):
Bn phn tch thit k th ng nh gi v tr khu t, bi cnh v a hnh xung quanh, cng nh

hng ca cng trnh xy dng c thit k. Nghin cu bao gm vic phn tch cc ng biu
kin mt tri, m hnh gi lp nh hng ca gi, m hnh nhit cng nh cc tc ng ca bng
rm. Mc ch chnh ca phn tch thit k th ng l th hin s vn ng ca cc dng nng
lng t nhin nhm ti u ha hiu qu hot ng ca cng trnh v gim thiu s ph thuc
vo cc h thng chy in. Nh vy, ngi thit k phi a ra cc gii php thit k thch ng vi
iu kin kh hu a phng, ng thi phi th hin cch cng trnh xy dng s cn nhc/tch
hp cc gii php thit k th ng.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Ti thiu nht, cc yu t sau cn phi c xem xt:
D liu v kh hu
Cung cp cc d liu hng thng lin quan ti cc c im kh hu sau ti a im cng

trnh: nhit , m, bc x mt tri, lng ma, tc gi v hng gi.
33
Hng Cng Trnh
Mt cng trnh c b tr tt c th ci thin ng k nhng li ch v tin nghi sng cng

nh v mi trng.
B tr phng hng thch hp s h tr cho vic lm mt th ng bng cch gim thiu

din tch phi nng v ti u ha tc ng ca vic trao i gi, gip ci thin v tin nghi v
gim thiu s tiu th nng lng (Hnh E.1).
Hnh E.1 Biu ng i mt tri ca 2 thnh ph H Ni v H Ch Minh
Knh
Kch thc, v tr v chi tit cc ca s gip trnh tnh trng tha nhit trong ma h v mt
nhit trong ma ng.
V tr v thit k hnh dng ca cc ca s c th to nn s i lu khng kh, lm mt vo

ma h cng nh che chn nhng cn gi lnh vo ma ng.
S dng cc loi knh c mc cch nhit tt v truyn sng ph hp lm gim s mt

nhit hoc hp th nhit khng mong mun.
Vt Liu v Xy Dng
Ch nh cc cp cch nhit ph hp lm gim s mt nhit hoc hp th nhit khng

mong mun qua cc mi, tng, ca s v sn.
Ch nh cc vt liu c lu lng khi nhit ln nhm lm tng tch tr nhit cho cng trnh.
34
ng dng cc phng php xy dng to s bt kn cho lp v cng trnh nhm gim s

xm nhp v tht thot ca nng lng v hi m.
Thng Gi T Nhin
Thit k kim sot cc lung khng kh gip lm mt cng trnh cho c ban ngy v ban
m.
Phn Vng
Thit k phn vng mt cch khoa hc sao cho cc vng c yu cu v nhit khc nhau c
ngn kn tit kim nng lng.
Che Nng
Vic gim nhit lng hp th t mt tri qua cc khong m, khng gian ngoi tri v b
mt ca cng trnh c th gip ci thin mt cch ng k v tin nghi v ng thi tit kim
nng lng.
Tn dng cc mi che nng, tm lam v cy trng l nhng gii php hiu qu che chn
mt cng trnh khi nhit lng hp th t mt tri. (Hnh E.2)
Cnh Quan
S dng cnh quan che nng v hnh thnh hng gi thng ng vai tr quan trng
trong vic gip ti u ha hiu qu hot ng ca cng trnh.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Np mt bn bo co phn tch thit k th ng.
Bn bo co cn th hin cc yu t sau y:
-
Hng cng trnh
Knh
Vt liu v xy dng
35
Thng gi t nhin
Phn vng
Che nng
Cnh quan
Cc yu t c bit khc ca cng trnh
Bn bo co phi ch ra cc bc m nhm thit k thc hin p ng cc yu t nu trn.
36
E-1 Tng Mc Tiu Th Nng Lng Ca Cng Trnh
Mc ch:
Nhm gim mc s dng nng lng ca cng trnh qua vic m phng s dng nng lng
trong cng trnh, t a ra cc gii php gim tiu th, ng thi nh gi tnh hiu qu ca
cc gii php .
Yu Cu:
Tiu Ch
im
KTQ NL 2
1 im khi gim thm 3% mc tiu th nng lng ton cng trnh so vi m hnh c
s (ti a 52%)
14
Tng Quan:
Tng Mc Tiu Th Nng Lng ca Cng Trnh (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng Lng 2 v Khon 1):
Tiu th nng lng trong cng trnh chim phn ln trong tng nhu cu nng lng ca Vit
Nam. Trong hon cnh lng tiu th in lin tc vt trn sn lng in, ct in lun phin
tr thnh mt h qu tt yu. Thm vo , nhu cu tiu th in vn tng ln v khng ngng
lm nghim trng ha bin i kh hu khi m mt trong nhng ngun nng lng chnh ca Vit
Nam l t than v kh t.
M hnh gi lp nng lng l mt gii php thit k gip gi nh hng cng trnh, nhng tng
tc khng gian, thng tin a l v c cc c im ca cc kt cu v h thng trong cng trnh.
Mt m hnh gip cc nh thit k a ra nhng quyt nh c c s phn on c cc li ch
tim nng ca mi gii php, vt liu, h thng v cng ngh nht nh c la chn trong xy
dng cng trnh.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh:

M hnh gi lp nng lng n gin
37

M hnh gi lp n gin l mt m hnh c phn gii thp, d s dng, khng t tin v c
kh nng gip ngi s dng hnh dung c hiu qu hot ng ca mt thit k cng trnh.
Nhn chung, m hnh gi lp n gin c t ra nhiu gi thit chung v kh hu bng vic s
dng nhng s liu in hnh chung hoc cc d liu hng thng. Hnh dng cng trnh thng
c n nh hoc ch cho php nhng chnh sa nh, trong khi vic vn hnh ca cc h thng
trong cng trnh thng c tng qut chung cho c cng trnh v khng cho php vic chia ra
cc khu vc khc nhau. Tuy nhin, v cc gi thit ny thng c t ra trn nn tng cc
thng thc trong k thut xy dng, chng vn c th h tr bc u thit k v cho php kim
tra hiu qu hot ng cng trnh so vi m hnh c s.
Cc m hnh gi lp n gin thng bao gm cc thng s sau:
Thng s v hnh khi cng trnh
Thng s v xy dng lp v cng trnh
Thi gian v c im hot ng ca cng trnh
Nhit lng ta ra t bn trong (ngi s dng, chiu sng v cc my mc khc)
Mt bng v kch thc h thng v ci t vn hnh
Thng s kh hu
Thng gi v tc thng gi
M hnh gi lp c phn gii cao

Cc m hnh c phn gii cao yu cu trnh k nng cao hn vn hnh phn mm v
ng thi chi ph cho chng cng cao hn nhiu so vi m hnh n gii c phn gii thp.
So vi m hnh gi lp n gin, m hnh c phn gii cao yu cu mc phn tch d liu
cao hn nhiu. V d, so vi vic s dng nhng thng s tiu biu hay gi tr hng thng v kh
hu, m hnh phn gii cao yu cu d liu c thu thp na ting ng h mt ln. Nh vy
vic phn tch cc nh hng ca nhit bn ngoi n cc phn khc nhau ca cng trnh
trong tng thi im khc nhau ca nm c thc hin k cng v chi tit hn nhiu. Mt v d
na v li th ca m hnh c phn gii cao l mi thit k hnh khi cho cng trnh u c th
c cp nht vo m hnh gi lp t mt phn mm thit k c bn (nh CAD). Nh , chnh
xc ca cc phn tch c ci thin ng k.
Vi bt k phn gii no, phn mm m hnh gi lp u phi c trang b y kh nng

gi lp m hnh thit k cng nh c s v c cc tnh nng sau:
38
8760 gi trong 1 nm
S thay i theo gi ca s ngi s dng
Nng lng chiu sng (kWh/m2/nm)
Nng lng cho cc thit b ln nh (kWh/m2/nm)
im t Nhit (C)
Ch vn hnh ca h thng iu ha thng gi
Hiu ng truyn nhit qua vt liu
10 hoc nhiu hn cc khu vc nhit
ng biu hin nng sut hot ng trong iu kin bn ti ca cc thit b c in v h

thng iu ha thng gi
Cc s liu u vo, u ra (bao gm bng phn tch tiu th nng lng theo tng loi tiu
th sau: chiu sng, thit b cm in, my bm, thit b si, thit b lm lnh, v cc thit b
qut thng gi v bm nhit khc).
Np H S:
Giai on thit k:
*i vi cc nh t 3 tng tr xung, LOTUS cho php vic gp nhiu cn nh c chung cc c im
chnh vo cng mt nhm. Quy tc gp cc nhm nh c quy nh trong Phng php Tnh Hiu
qu Nng lng do VGBC son.
Khi mt phn mm gi lp nng lng n gin c s dng, cn np cc ti liu sau:
Np mt bo co gii trnh trong nu r tt c cc d liu u vo, cc kt qu u ra v

cc gi thit trong m hnh gi lp nng lng ca c trng hp cng trnh c s ln thit k,
theo ng yu cu quy nh trong Phng php Tnh Hiu qu Nng lng ca VGBC. Bo
co bao gm cc phn sau nhng c th thm cc thng tin cn thit khc:
Tnh ton cc gi tr hiu qu nng lng (kWh/m2/nm) cho m hnh c s, m hnh thit
k v phn trm nng lng tit kim c.
Mt danh sch lit k mi chi tit lin quan ti nng lng c a vo trong thit k v
qua nh gi hiu qu nng lng. Danh sch ny cn phi lit k c mi khc bit
gia m hnh c s v m hnh thit k.
39
Bo co ban u v bo co kt qu t phn mm gi lp bao gm c cc phn tch tiu

th nng lng (kWh/m2/nm) theo cc loi tiu th sau:
chiu sng
thit b cm in
my bm
thit b si
thit b lm lnh
cc thit b qut thng gi khc
40
E-2 V Cng Trnh

Mc ch
Nhm m bo vic s dng cc vt liu v k thut ph hp nhm to nn mt lp v cng trnh
gim lng in nng cc h thng c hc tiu th
Yu Cu
Tiu ch
im
KTQ NL 3
OTTV ca cc kt cu tng v mi gim c 10% so vi mc yu cu ca EEBC
1 im mi khi gim thm 10% so vi mc yu cu v OTTV ca kt cu tng v mi

quy nh trong EEBC (ti a 40%)
Tng Quan
V Cng Trnh (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng Lng 3 v Khon 2):
Lp v cng trnh l s ngn cch vt l gia mi trng bn trong v bn ngoi ca mt cng
trnh. Bng vic m bo mt mc cch nhit thch hp, mi trng bn trong c th c
kim sot d dng hn. Mt lp v cng trnh c thit k v xy dng ph hp cng gim thiu
lng tiu th nng lng ca cc h thng iu ha nhit .
Vic nh gi mt cch tng qut mc hiu qu ca lp v cng trnh lin quan n vic tnh ton
Ch s truyn nhit tng (OTTV). Thng s ny s quyt nh mc hiu qu ca c lp v cng
trnh, tc l lng nhit ti a cho php truyn vo mt cng trnh xuyn qua cc bc tng,
mi v ca s do s hp th nhit nng mt tri v s chnh lch nhit gia bn trong v bn
ngoi (Hnh E.3). Mt lp v cng trnh c thit k tt vi ch s OTTV thp s gim lng nhit
hp th, hi m hp th v nng lng tht thot trong khi gim thiu lng in nng tiu th
ca cc h thng c kh.
41
Hnh E.3 OTTV gip xc nh hiu qu chung ca ton b lp v cng trnh
EEBC quy nh ch s truyn nhit tng OTTV nh nht cho mi v tng, trong Bng E.1 bn di.
Bng E.1 Ch s truyn nhit tng cho tng v mi
Vng kh hu
Loi hnh cng trnh
OTTV Tng
(W/m2)
OTTV Mi
(W/m2)
H Ni
21,02 Bc
62
25,5
Nng
16,03 Bc
60,5
25
Bun Ma Thut
12,67 Bc
50,5
22,5
TP. H Ch Minh
10,78 Bc
59
24,5
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cc gii php v k thut c th c p dng trong thit k lp v cng trnh lm gim gi tr
OTTV:
S dng cc vt liu cch nhit cht lng cao v vt liu mt dng
S dng cc k thut ph hp cho vic xy dng lp v cng trnh
Chn hng v v tr ca cng trnh gim lng in nng tiu th
Bt kn cc ca s, ca i, cc l h k thut v cc h thng khc nm trong hay nm xuyn

qua lp v cng trnh
42
S dng cc kt cu che nng ngoi nhm gim hp th nhit khng cn thit t bc x mt

tri
Ch nh cc vt liu mi vi ch s phn x mt tri (SRI) cao
Tnh Ton
Cc tnh ton phi c thc hin cho tng cu kin tng v mi theo hng dn ca b chun
EEBC
OTTV
W
m
WWR
WWR
TD
T
WWR
1
U
WWR
Trong :
WWR
T l din tch ca knh trn din tch chung ca bc tng hoc din tch ca mi
bng knh trn din tch chung ca mi (khng th nguyn)
Uw
H s tng truyn nhit ca phn tng khng trong sut hoc ca mi [W/m2.K]
H s hp th bc x ca b mt vt liu phn tng c hoc ca b mt mi (EEBC

Bng A.2 Ph lc A)
TDeq
Chnh lch nhit tng ng (C), c k n tc dng ca cng bc x mt

tri chiu ln b mt tng hoc b mt mi (EEBC Bng D.3).
Chnh lch nhit gia khng kh bn ngoi v bn trong nh (C) (Bng D.2 trong
EEBC).
Kcs
H s nhn nhit bc x mt tri, khng th nguyn (EEBC Ph lc B)
Io
Cng tng x ca bc x mt tri chiu ln b mt tng v ca knh. Gi tr trung

bnh theo gi ca nng lng bc x mt tri chiu ln ca s hng th i, tnh n s
thay i ca bc x mt tri trn cc hng khc nhau ca ca s [W/m2] (Bng D.1)
H s gim bc x qua ca knh do tc dng ca kt cu che nng h s gim bc x,

khng th nguyn. (EEBC - Ph lc C)
Uf
H s tng truyn nhit ca ca knh trn tng hoc trn mi [W/m2]
43
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
i vi cc nh cao trn 3 tng, tng ta nh phi p ng cc yu cu trong KTQ Nng lng 3
v Khon Nng Lng 2.
i vi cc nh t 3 tng tr xung, tng nhm ta nh phi p ng cc yu cu trong KTQ
Nng lng 3 v Khon Nng Lng 2. LOTUS cho php vic gp nhiu cn nh vo mt nhm
nu chng c cc c im chung sau:
C cng kch thc, thit k v vt liu
c t cng hng v c cng che nng
Np cc bn v v ti liu sau:
Cc mt ct v cc bn v chi tit ca tt c cc cu kin tng ngoi v cc h mi cng vi

cc bn tnh ton th hin ch s truyn nhit tng OTTV ca tng loi tng v mi
Cc trch dn t cc bng ch nh hoc d liu t nh sn xut th hin cc vt liu c dng

cho tt c tng v mi
Miu t r cc bc tnh ton gi tr OTTV cho mi mt tng v mi, t chng minh cc kt

qu OTTV a ra trc
44
E-3 Thng Gi T Nhin

Mc ch
Nhm gim vic s dng cc h thng iu ha, gim nhu cu s dng nng lng v tng lu
thng khng kh t nhin
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
80% tng din tch s dng chung trong cng trnh phi c thit k nhm tn
dng thng gi xuyn phng v khng c iu ha nhit
im
KTQ NL 4
20% din tch phi c thit k nhm tn dng thng gi xuyn phng
1 im mi khi c thm 20% din tch c thit k nhm tn dng thng gi

xuyn phng (ti a 80%)
Tng Quan
Thng Gi T Nhin (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng Lng 4 v Khon 3):
Cc cng trnh thng gi t nhin tn dng s thun li ca cc hng gi a phng v hng
cng trnh mang li mt ngun cung cp khng kh trong lnh cho ngi s dng. Gii php
ny gim thiu nng lng tiu th ca cc h thng iu ha khng kh, ng thi nng cao cht
lng khng kh trong cng trnh. Cng trnh khng th hon ton ph thuc vo cc phng
thc thng gi t nhin, nhng cng trnh v h thng c thit k thng minh gp phn quan
trng trong vic gim thiu nhu cu iu ha khng kh.
Thng gi t nhin cn c tn dng cho tt c cc din tch trong cng trnh trong bao
gm cc din tch bp, phng khch, phng n v phng lm vic.
C hai cch thc thng gi t nhin bn trong cng trnh. Phng thc u tin, thng gi nh p
lc kh ng, trong cc dng lu thng kh t nhin c tn dng nhm thng gi cho cc
khng gian trong cng trnh v m bo tin nghi nhit. Phng thc ny i hi phi t hng
cng trnh tt, thit k chnh xc v kch thc, s lng v v tr ca cc l m trn tng v mi.
Phng thc th hai, thng gi nh p lc nhit hay stack ventilation, ph thuc vo s chnh
lch nhit . Khi khng kh b lm nng do cc pht sinh nhit bn trong cng trnh, hoc bn
trong mt ng thng nhit, khng kh gin n v bay ln do khi lng ring gim. Trong mt kt
cu c thit k tn dng u im ca kiu thng gi ny, sc ni s lm cho khng kh nng
45

bay ln v thot ra khi cng trnh thng qua cc l m thng kh c t trn cc v tr cao trn
mt ng. Vic ny hnh thnh nn s chnh lch p sut gia bn trong cng trnh v bn ngoi
cng trnh, to iu kin cho khng kh mt, c hn i vo cng trnh ti cc v tr thp hn trn
mt ng.
Hnh E.5 Thng gi t nhin c th c cung cp cho cng trnh bi hai cch: thng gi nh gi v nh
chnh lch p sut
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Vic a thng gi t nhin vo nh mt gii php thng gi v lm mt chnh phi c nghin
cu t giai on thit k. Cc k thut v gii php khuyn khch thng gi t nhin bao gm:
B tr v nh hng cng trnh thch hp tn dng cc lung gi trong khu vc t

c lung gi bn ngoi ph hp
Dng m hnh k thut s m phng lu cht - Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) - ch ra

cc lung kh v gia tng hiu qu ca vic b tr trong cng trnh nhm khuyn khch
thng gi t nhin
Cc ca s v l m thng gi c t ng v tr m bo cc lung gi t nhin khng

to nn nhng t gi kh chu hoc cc khng gian t ng gi
trnh nh hng n m quan hoc cc vn php l lin quan n cc ca s c th m ca

cc cng trnh cao tng, yu cu ny c th p ng bng cc phng thc thng gi t nhin
khc nh khe thng gi hay tng cnh.
46
Tnh Ton
Ch c cc khng gian c s dng thng xuyn mi c tnh n v phi p dng mt cch
thng nht vi tt c cc tnh ton trong khon ny.
Cc khng gian c thng gi xuyn phng phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
C cc l m thng gi vo v ra (tr ca ra vo).
Cc l ca trn cng mt mt tng khng gip cho vic thng gi cho
Cc l m thng gi trn tng hoc mi phi t t nht 5% din tch ca khng gian thng
gi t nhin
Khon cch gia cc l m thng gi phi khng qu 12m
chng minh t yu cu ca Khon, phn trm ci thin phi c tnh ton theo cng
thc sau:
Cithin %
Pi
= Tng din tch thng gi xuyn phng [m2]
Yi
= Tng din tch s dng [m2]
100%
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Thng Gi T Nhin (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng Lng 4 v Khon Nng Lng 3):
i vi cc ta nh cao trn 3 tng, cc ti liu yu cu trong h s ca iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng
Lng 3 v Khon Nng Lng 3 phi c np cho tng ta nh.
i vi cc ta nh t 3 tng tr xung, ti liu yu cu trong h s ca iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng
Lng 3 v Khon Nng Lng 3 phi c np cho mi nhm nh. LOTUS cho php vic gp
nhiu cn nh vo mt nhm nu chng c cc c im chung sau:
C cng kch thc v thit k
c t cng hng
Np cc h s ti liu sau:
47
Cc bn v mt bng cng trnh (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) ch r cc din tch
c thng gi xuyn phng v c nhng din tch c thng gi c hc
Cc bn v mt bng v mt ct cng trnh (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) ch ra tt

c cc l m khng c nh (ng m c) trn tng v mi
Cc tnh ton phn trm din tch c thng gi xuyn phng
48
E-4 iu Ha Khng Kh
Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic lp t cc h thng iu ha khng kh tit kim nng lng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
KTQ NL 5
COP ca cc thit b iu ha phi vt 10% yu cu ca EEBC
1 im mi khi tng thm 10% so vi mc yu cu v COP cho cc thit b iu ha

ca EEBC (ti a 30%)
Tng Quan
iu Ha Khng Kh (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng Lng 5 v Khon 4):
Mt lng ln nng lng tiu th ca mt cng trnh dnh cho iu ha khng kh. H thng
iu ha c lp t v thit k thch hp, cng vi n lc gim ti iu ha c th gip tit kim
nng lng, v tit kim ti chnh trong sut vng i ca mt cng trnh. Vic thay i nh k
cc mng lc v kim tra chng theo mt chu k nht nh (hng thng) cng nh vic m bo
rng tt c cc thit b ca h thng iu ha c iu chnh v vn hnh ng s gim thiu
vic bo dng iu ha trong tng lai hoc thm ch cc chi ph thay th. Vic la chn thit b
tit kim nng lng c chng nhn cng nh vic m bo lp t chnh xc vi nh sn
xut c th ci thin hiu qu h thng v s ko di tui th ca thit b.
Tip Cn & Thc Hin

La chn cc thit b lm lnh vi ch s hiu qu my lnh COP ph hp vi yu cu ti thiu m
EEBC quy nh trong bng E.5 v E.6 bn di. Ch s hiu qu cng ln th thit b cng c hiu
sut cao.
49

Bng E.5 My iu ha khng kh v dn ngng (cm nng) chy in Yu cu ti thiu v hiu
sut
Loi thit b
My iu ho nhit lm mt
bng khng kh
My iu ha khng kh lm mt
bng nc v lm mt bng bay
hi nc
Cc cm ngng t lm mt bng
khng kh
Cc cm ngng t lm mt bng
nc hoc bay hi nc
Cng sut
Hiu sut ti thiu (COP)
< 19kW
2,93
>= 19 kW v <40 kW
3,02
>= 40 kW v < 70 kW
2,84
>= 70 kW v < 223 kW
2,78
>= 223 kW
2,70
< 19 kW
3,35
>= 19 kW v < 40 kW
3,37
>= 40 kW v < 70 kW
3,32
>= 70 kW
2,70
>= 40 kW
2,96
>= 40 kW
3,84
Bng E.6 - Cc n nguyn sn xut nc lnh cc yu cu ti thiu v hiu sut

Loi thit b
Cng sut
Hiu sut ti thiu (COP)
Tt c cc cng sut
2,80
Tt c cc cng sut
3,10
Tt c cc cng sut
4,20
Lm mt bng nc, hot ng

bng in (loi my nn rto, my
nn trc vt v my nn cnh xon
c)
< 528 kW
>= 528 kW
v < 1055 kW
>= 1055 kW
4,45
5,00

bng in, my nn ly tm
< 528 kW
>= 528 kW
v < 1055 kW
>= 1055 kW
6,10
Tt c cc cng sut
0,60
Tt c cc cng sut
0,70
Tt c cc cng sut
1,00
Tt c cc cng sut
1,00
Lm mt bng khng kh vi thit

b ngng t, hot ng bng in
Lm mt bng khng kh, khng c
thit b ngng t, hot ng bng
in
bng in (loi my nn pttng)
My lnh hp th, mt chiu, lm

mt bng khng kh
My lnh hp th, mt chiu, lm
mt bng nc
My lnh hp th hai chiu, t
nng gin tip
My lnh hp th, hai chiu, t
nng trc tip
4,90
5,50
5,55
50
Tnh Ton
Cc nh thit k chu trch nhim trong vic chng minh v ton phn trm ci thin COP trung
bnh ca tt c cc thit b iu ha theo cng trnh qua cng thc sau:
Cithin %
Pi
Yi
100%
= Hiu sut ca thit b iu ha

= Ci thin v COP ca thit b iu ha so vi mc quy nh bi EEBC
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
iu Ha Khng Kh (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng Lng 5):
Np cc ti liu sau:
Bn v mt bng cng trnh (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) v danh sch cc thit
b iu ha khng kh
Cc bn v mt bng cng trnh (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) ch ra v tr t

thit b
D liu cng b ca nh sn xut cho tt c thit b iu ha khng kh, ch ra rng ch s hiu

qu COP p ng cc yu cu ca EEBC
iu Ha Khng Kh (Khon Nng Lng 4):

Bn v mt bng cng trnh (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) v danh sch cc thit
b iu ha khng kh
Cc bn v mt bng cng trnh (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) ch ra v tr t

thit b
D liu cng b ca nh sn xut cho tt c thit b iu ha khng kh, ch r ch s hiu qu

COP
Cc tnh ton ch ra hiu qu thu c t cc h thng iu ha khng kh
51
E-5 Chiu Sng

Mc ch
Nhm gim thiu nng lng tiu th lin quan n cc h thng chiu sng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
KTQ NL 6
Tng Quan
Chiu Sng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng Lng 6 v Khon 5)
Chiu sng chim phn ng k trong tng mc tiu th nng lng ca mt cng trnh. Vic p
dng cc mc nh sng ph hp s gp phn m bo sc khe, hiu sut lao ng ca ngi
s dng v nt thm m ca cng trnh. Gim thiu lng nng lng s dng p ng cc
nhu cu chiu sng cng trnh v ngi s dng cng trnh l mt chin lc hiu qu gip gim
bt chi ph vn hnh chung. Chiu sng t nhin c th c p dng, bt c ni no c th,
nhm gim thiu lng in phc v nhu cu chiu sng. Vic s dng chiu sng t nhin v cc
vt liu cng trang thit b cht lng tt cng dn n vic gim thiu cc chi ph cho bo
dng. Cc h thng chiu sng cng c th c qun l mt h thng gim st cng trnh, nu
c. Vic ny cho php vic qun l cht ch cc mc v k hoch chiu sng trnh lng ph
nng lng chiu sng.
EEBC quy nh cc cng nh sng (Bng E.7) bn di trnh by cc gi tr quy nh v mt

cng sut chiu sng (LPD) v ri c khuyn ngh i vi cc khng gian chc nng khc
nhau trong nh chung c.
52

Bng E.7 - Cc yu cu mt cng sut chiu sng v ri cho nh chung c
Khng gian
chc nng
Mt cng sut
chiu sng (LPD)
[W/m2]
Yu cu
Thp
Cao
Phng khch
150
100
200
P. lm vic
14
300
250
350
Phng ng
100
50
150
Bp
16
300
200
400
ri khuyn ngh (Lux)
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Chiu Sng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng Lng 6 v Khon 5):
Nng lng s dng cho cc h thng chiu sng c th c gim thiu theo cc phng thc
sau:
La chn cc h thng qun l ng (da theo nh sng t nhin v mc ch s dng)
S dng cc loi vt liu cng trnh ph hp nh sn vi cc cht lng phn chiu cao hn
trn cc bc tng ni tht v cc trn nh
p dng cc gii php thit k c cn nhc nh sng t nhin
S dng cc bng n v chn lu c hiu nng cao
Tnh Ton
Ngi thit k phi chng minh rng ton b khng gian chiu sng ca cng trnh p ng hoc
vt qua cc yu cu ca EEBC theo cch thc sau:
Chun b mt m hnh gi lp ca cng trnh ch ra cc ri ca ton b khng gian chiu

sng nhn to. ri phi p ng cc yu cu c ch ra trong EEBC Bng 6.1.
Tnh ton mt cng sut chiu sng (l t l ca in nng yu cu cung cp nh sng

nhn to cho khng gian ca phng) cho tt c cc khng gian c chiu sng nhn to ca
cng trnh. Tnh ton phi bao gm c in nng s dng bi cc loi n, chn lu, b iu
khin hin ti v cc thit b qun l.
Tnh ton mc gim trung bnh ca Mt Cng sut Chiu sng vi cng thc sau:
53
Mcgim %
100%
IEi
Mt cng sut chiu sng ca khu vc i theo EEBC [W/m2]
IDi
Mt cng sut chiu sng ca khu vc i theo thit k [W/m2]
Ai
Din tch ca khu vc i [m2]
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
i vi cc ta nh cao trn 3 tng, cc ti liu yu cu trong h s ca iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng
Lng 5 v Khon Nng Lng 5 phi c np cho tng ta nh.
i vi cc ta nh t 3 tng tr xung, ti liu yu cu trong h s ca iu Kin Tin Quyt Nng
Lng 5 v Khon Nng Lng 5 phi c np cho mi nhm nh. LOTUS cho php vic gp
nhiu cn nh vo mt nhm nu chng c cc c im chung sau:
C cng kch thc, thit k v phn khu
Cc bn v mt bng (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) ch ra cc khu vc ca cng

trnh c chiu sng nhn to
Cc tnh ton, nh c cung cp pha trn, xc nh cc khng gian chiu sng p ng hoc
vt qua cc tiu chun ca EEBC
Cho tt c cc phng c chiu sng nhn to, ha n s lng ca tt c cc bng n

c lp t v d liu c cng b bi nh sn xut ca tt c cc thit b s dng cho chiu
sng, ng ch nht l hiu sut pht sng ti thiu ca bng n (l t l gia chiu sng
u ra vi lng in nng a vo theo n v lm/W) v cc tn tht do cc chn lu, b iu
khin hin ti v cc thit b qun l.
54
E-6 Nc Nng
Mc ch
Nhm gim thiu nng lng tiu trong cung cp nc nng qua vic s dng cc h thng un
nc nng tit kim nng lng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im

1
2

EEBC
EEBC
Tng Quan
Nc Nng (Khon Nng Lng 6):
H thng un nc nng, nh cc bnh un nc bng gas hoc du v cc b un nc bng

in tr, c nh gi da trn hiu sut nhit (ET) ca chng. Hiu sut nhit o lng lng
nng lng sn sinh t cht t (gas, du, in) c chuyn ha trc tip un nc. Hiu
sut in hnh ca mt b un nc nng chy bng gas hoc du nm trong khong 80% v hiu
sut in hnh cho b un bng in tr trong khong 98%. Cc h thng lu tr v un nng
tun hon ni chung i hi t in nng cao im, nhng yu cu tng nng lng nhiu hn, do
nhit lng tht thot t cc bn cha v cc ng ng. Cc h thng nc nng tc thi s
dng t tng nng lng hn nhng nhiu in nng hn trong thi gian cao im.
55

Theo cc yu cu ca EEBC, cc b un nc bng in tr khng c khuyn khch s dng nh
h thng un nc nng chnh. LOTUS khuyn khch vic s dng cc k thut un nc nng
hiu qu cao, nh nng lng mt tri, ng pht nhit in v thng qua vic s dng lng
nhit b loi b.
EEBC ch nh cc gi tr ti thiu ca hiu sut nhit (ET) cho thit b un nc nng trong Bng
E.8.
Bng E.8 - Hiu sut nhit ti thiu ca thit b un nc nng
Loi thit b
Hiu sut ti thiu (ET)
Cc b un, tr nc dng gas
78%
Cc b un nc tc thi dng gas
78%
Cc b un, cung cp nc nng dng gas
77%
Cc b un, cung cp nc nng dng du
80%
Cc b un, cung cp nc nng dng c

nhin liu gas/ du
80%
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cc cng ngh v gii php c th gip gia tng hiu sut nhit ca h thng un nc nng:
Cc h thng un nc nng bng t gas (c bnh cha hoc b un nc tc thi) c hiu

sut nhit cao
Ngoi ra, Khon ny khuyn khch s dng cc h thng un nc nng bng nng lng mt
tri, nh;
Tm thu nhit mt tri phng. Theo EEBC, mt sau tm thu nhit phi c gi tr cch nhit ti thiu
l R = 2.2 m2.K/W
Tm thu nhit chn khng loi truyn nhit trc tip hoc loi s dng ng chn khng
H thng nhit mt tri tun hon t nhin/c hc
Bnh tr nc nng trung tm/chia nhnh cho s dng trong ta nh
56
Tnh Ton
Ngi thit k chu trch nhim chng minh hiu sut ca cc h thng lng ghp hoc h thng
un nng trc.
Phn tnh ton sau phi c thc hin chng minh vic tng hiu qu hot ng so vi
cc yu cu ca EEBC cho tng thit b un nc nng.
Hiusutvtyucu %
ETE
ET
100%
ETE
Hiu sut nhit ca thit b un theo cc yu cu ca EEBC
ETdi
Hiu sut nhit ca thit b un theo thit k
Cc nh sn xut thng ghi r ch s hiu sut nhit ca thit b un nc nng (ET) trn bnh un
hoc bm di dng phn trm. Nu khng, nh sn xut c th ghi cc s liu khc nh lng
nhit u vo v ra ca thit b.
V d: Mt b un c kh nng cung cp nhit (ngun ra) l 230 kW (785.000 BTU/h) vi mt lng
cht t tiu th (ngun vo) l 295 kW (1.000.000 BTU/h), s c hiu sut nhit bng 230/295 =
0,78 hoc 78%. Phn cn li 22% l nhit lng tht thot ra mi trng xung quanh do hit sut
thp ca b un nc.
Tnh ton phn trm ci thin hiu sut nhit trung bnh ca tt c cc thit b un nc bng
kh tt hoc du trong cng trnh qua cng thc sau:
Cithin %
100%
Pi
Hiu sut ca thit b un nc
Yi
Ci thin v hiu sut nhit ca thit b un nc so vi mc quy nh bi EEBC
Vi cc thit b un nc nng s dng nng lng mt tri:
Tnh phn trm nhu cu nc nng c p ng bi h thng nhit mt tri bng cng thc
sau:
57

Phntrmnhucuncnngchthngnhitmttripng %
Tnglngncnngcungcpbihthngnhitmttrihngnm
Tngnhucuncnngtrongcngtrnhhngnm
100%
Chng minh rng hiu sut nhit ca thit b un nc h tr cho h thng nhit mt tri
cng p ng yu cu ca EEBC.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Danh mc (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) ca tt c cc thit b un nc nng ca

d n, c mi v hin hu m s c gi li v s dng trong cng trnh ci to (nu thch
hp).
D liu cng b ca nh sn xut cho tt c cc thit b un nc nng trong danh sch lit k.
Cc tnh ton ch r cc yu cu ca EEBC c p ng hoc ci thin cho tng thit b hoc

h thng, c hin hu ln mi, nh th no.
Nu s dng h thng nng nng bng nng lng mt tri, cn cung cp thm cc ti liu sau:
M t cc thng tin v thi tit, kh hu (nh bc x mt tri, ng i ca mt tri...)
Thng s k thut ca h thng bao gm v tr t thit b, din tch cn thit v d liu cng
b ca nh sn xut cho tt c cc phn ca h thng un nc s dng nhit mt tri.
M t chi tit cc m hnh gi nh v phm mm c s dng trong vic thit k v nh gi

mc nng lng ca h thng.
Tnh ton ch ra phn trm tng nhu cu nc nng c p ng bi h thng un nc

bng nng lng mt tri.
58
E-7 Nng lng ti to

Mc ch
Nhm xc tin vic s dng cc ngun nng lng ti to v khuyn khch vic s dng chng
trong mi trng xy dng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im


Tng Quan
Nng Lng Ti To (Khon Nng Lng 7):
Vic s dng nng lng ti to s gim thiu s ph thuc vo nng lng truyn thng, v thc
y vic s dng nng lng cha hm lng carbon thp. Vic ny cng s gim thiu tc ng
mi trng do pht thi kh CO2. Thut ng nng lng ti to thng nhc n cc ngun cung
cp nng lng ti to, nh nng lng gi v mt tri, a nhit, thy in v cc hnh thc khc
nhau ca nng lng sinh hc. Cc ngun nng lng ny c gi l cc ngun nng lng ti
to v chng lin tc c b sung. Vic s dng cc ngun nng lng ti to c th gip
gim bt lng tiu th nng lng chung, gim tc ng ti mi trng v gim pht thi kh
CO2 ca cng trnh. Vic s dng cc gii php tn dng nng lng ti to trong cc cng trnh
hin nay khng ph bin ti Vit Nam, chnh v vy cc gii php ny cn c xc tin hn na
theo hng pht trin bn vng.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

59

Ch nh cc ngun nng lng ti to c kh nng c sn sinh ti ch gip cng trnh t c
cc im trong khon ny. Cc hnh thc nng lung ti to ph hp cho cng trnh bao gm:
Nng lng sinh hc, phi theo s ph duyt ca VGBC
Tm nng lng mt tri
Nhit mt tri
Phong nng
Tnh Ton
M hnh nng lung phi c thc hin theo th tc v d kin c ch nh trong Khon Nng
Lng E-1. Php tnh sau phi c thc hin ch ra tng nng lng ng gp cho vic tiu
th nng lng cng trnh t cc ngun ti to.
Lngnnglngtitonggp %
Lng nng lng ti to thu c

Tng tiu th nng lng (M hnh thit k)
100%
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Bo co m t cc ngun nng lng ti to c khai thc v s dng:
Loi ngun nng lng ti to c p dng v nu r l do chn loi ngun nng lng
Nu s dng cc ngun nng lng mt tri v gi, cn cung cp y cc s liu thi tit v
kh hu lin quan. Nu cng trnh la chn cc ngun sinh khi, cn ch r ngun gc loi sinh
khi s dng v d tnh lng nguyn liu cn gi h thng vn hnh n nh trong 1 nm.
Thng s k thut ca h thng bao gm v tr t thit b, din tch cn thit, kt cu v d

liu cng b t nh sn xut cho tt c cc phn ca h thng.
M t chi tit v phn mm/m hnh gi nh nng lng dng trong thit k v nh gi h
thng nng lng ti to
Cc tnh ton ch ra phn trm ng gp ca nng lng ti to vo tng tiu thu nng lng
ca cng trnh
60
Mc d Vit Nam tng c coi l quc gia c ngun ti

nguyn nc di do vi h thng sng ngi chng cht,
th gi chnh ph nc ta phi chnh thc cng b tnh
trng khan him nc sch. Ngun d tr nc sch ch
c th cung cp 4000m3/nm/ngi, so vi mc trung
bnh trn th gii 7000m3/nm/ngi. Hn na tnh
trng thiu nc theo ma ang ngy cng trm trng
ti cc ng bng ln (sng Hng, Cu Long) do nhu
cu nc sch cao, nhim ngun nc v nh hng
ca BKH. Hai ng bng ny li l va la chnh ca c
nc nn tnh trng hn hn ti y s gim sn lng
la go v nh hng ti an ninh lng thc.
Nu tnh trng ny cn tip din, gi nc sch s tng
cao trong tng lai. Chnh v vy cc cng trnh cn c
mt h thng tit kim nc nhm m bo vn hnh/
sn xut lin tc v gim chi ph vn hnh. Ngoi ra cc
cng trnh tit kim nc cn gip gim lng x thi
v trnh tnh trng qu ti cho cc h thng thot nc
cng cng.
Xc nh r xu hng trong tng lai, LOTUS ch trng
vo vn gim thiu s dng nc sch v a vn
ny tr thnh iu kin tin quyt trong hng mc Nc.
Cc khon trong hng mc khuyn khch vic qun l s
dng nc cht ch, cc thit k v thit b tit kim nc,
ti s dng/ti ch nc v cui cng l thu li nc ma
s dng.
Nc
Tnh trng khan him nc c v cht lng v s lng

ang l mt mi e da an ninh lng thc v nng
lng ti nhiu quc gia ng Nam . Nhiu lu vc
sng c kh nng s i mt vi hn hn trm trng vo
nm 2025 v ngun nc ngm cng ang nhanh chng
cn kit.
Nc
Khon
W-1 Thit b tit
kim nc
W-2 Ti ch/ ti s
dng nc
W-3 Thu nc
ma
W-4 Sn vn tit
kim nc
18 im
Tiu Ch
Qua vic s dng thit b tit kim nc, gim 10% mc tiu th nc sinh
hot ca cng trnh so vi m hnh c s
Qua vic s dng thit b tit kim nc, gim 15% mc tiu th nc sinh
hot ca cng trnh so vi m hnh c s
1 im mi khi gim thm 5% mc tiu th nc sinh hot ca cng trnh qua
vic s dng thit b tit kim nc (ti a 45%)
Lng nc ti ch/ti s dng p ng 10% tng lng tiu th nc ca d
n
1 im mi khi lng nc ti ch/ti s dng gip ct gim thm 5% vo mc
tiu th nc sinh hot ca cng trnh (ti a 30%)
Lng nc ma thu c p ng 5% tng lng tiu th nc sinh hot ca
d n
Lng nc ma thu c p ng 10% tng lng tiu th nc sinh hot
ca d n
Lng nc ma thu c p ng 15% tng lng tiu th nc sinh hot
ca d n
75% lng nc s dng trong ti cy khng phi l nc sinh hot
-HOCS dng cng ngh ti tiu gip tit kim nc
Hon ton khng s dng nc sinh hot cho ti cy
-VS dng cng ngh ti tiu gip tit kim nc
im
KTQ Nc 1
1
7
1
5
1
2
3
2
62
W-1 Thit b tit kim nc

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch cc thit k nng cao hiu qu s dng nc ca cc cng trnh
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Qua vic s dng thit b tit kim nc, gim 10% mc tiu th nc sinh hot ca
cng trnh so vi m hnh c s
Qua vic s dng thit b tit kim nc, gim 15% mc tiu th nc sinh hot ca
cng trnh so vi m hnh c s
1 im mi khi gim thm 5% mc tiu th nc sinh hot ca cng trnh qua vic s
dng thit b tit kim nc (ti a 45%)
im
KTQ Nc 1
1
7
Tng Quan
Thit b tit kim nc (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nc 1 v Khon 1):
Tr lng nc ton cu c gii hn v chu nh hng tiu cc bi mc nhim ngy mt gia
tng. Theo nhiu d bo, tng lng nc sch m con ngi c th s dng c s cng gim
st do hu qu ca vic bin i kh hu. Vic p dng cc gii php lm gim lng nc s dng
vo thit k cng trnh c th gip gim s ph thuc vo cc ngun cung cp nc ang ngy
cng cn kit.
Khi cc ngun cung cp nc ngy cng tr nn khan him, chi ph cho nc sch s gia tng.
Thit k mt cng trnh t ph thuc vo ngun cung cp nc my thnh ph s gim ng k
chi ph vn hnh.
Vic hn ch s dng nc trong cng trnh cng gip gim tiu th nc ngm, t gim p
lc ln ngun ti nguyn nc ngm.
Nc sinh hot l nc qua x l v c cung cp bi cc nh my nc, ng thi nc sinh
hot phi p ng c cc yu cu cht lng t ra trong tiu chun TCVN 5502:2003 Nc
sinh hot Tiu chun cht lng.
LOTUS coi c nc ngm v nc my l nc sinh hot.
63
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cc gii php sau y c th c p dng lm gim nhu cu nc sinh hot trong mt cng
trnh:
Lp t cc thit b kim sot dng chy cho cc vi nc, vi hoa sen, vi x v cc bn ra
S dng cc thit b v ng dng tit kim nc
S dng cc thit b v sinh kh
Tnh Ton
Mc ch ca phn tnh ton l nhm so snh lng nc sinh hot c tiu th qua cc thit b
nc trong m hnh thit k v m hnh c s. Lng tiu th nc hng nm ca m hnh c s
c th c tnh ton vi nhng s liu trong bng W.1 v W.2 di y:
Bng W.1 Vic s dng thit b nc hng ngy (M hnh c s)
Thit b
S ln s dng/ngy
Thi gian s dng
WC
4 /ngi/ngy
Vi nc
7 /ngi/ngy
15 giy
Vi ra trong bp
4 /cn h/ngy
60 giy
Vi sen
1 /ngi/ngy
480 giy
My git
1 /cn h/ngy
Bng W.2 Mc tiu th nc ca thit b trong m hnh c s

Thit b
Mc tiu th nc ca thit b
WC
6,0 lt/x (lpf)
Vi nc (thng thng)
0,14 L/giy (L/s)
Vi sen
0,16 L/s
Vi nc trong bp
0,14 L/s
My git
120 L/ln git
(Ngun: Tiu chun UPC v IPC)
Cc gi thit trong tnh ton lng tiu th nc ca c m hnh c s v m hnh thit k:
64
S ngy hot ng trong mt nm l 365 ngy
Cc thng s nh s ln s dng thit b trong 1 ngy v thi gian s dng thit b phi p
dng cc s liu trong bng W.1.
Vi WC x kp, ngi s s dng 4 ln mt ngy: 1 ln s dng ch x ht (full-flush) v 3

ln s dng ch x na (half-flush).
Lng tiu th nc ca cc h thng khc, khng phi l thit b s dng nc (i.e. h thng
iu ha khng kh s dng nc v h thng ti tiu), s khng c xem xt trong tnh
ton.
Lng nc thi c ti ch/ti s dng hay nc ma c s khng c xem xt trong
tnh ton ca Khon ny
S dng nc ngm cng c tnh nh s dng nc my sinh hot
Tnh ton tng tiu th nc sinh hot hng nm qua cc thit b s dng nc:
Tngtiuthncsinhhothngnmquathitbsdngnc
L
nm
n
Phn trm thit b nc = S lng thit b nc vi 1 dung tch di/tc chy nht
nh (v d: 1 vi nc vi tc chy l 0.15 lt trn giy - lps) Tng s thit b cng
loi (v d: ton b s vi nc) [%]
S ln s dng cho 1 loi thit b nc ca 1 ngi trong 1 ngy
S lng ngi s dng thit b nc trong cng trnh
Qx
Mc tiu th nc trn mt ln x ca mt loi thit b x nht nh [L]
Qchy =
Tc chy ca mt loi thit b dng chy nht nh [L/s]
tchy =
Thi gian s dng thit b dng chy [s]
S ngy hot ng trong mt nm (365 ngy)
* Tng tiu th nc sinh hot hng nm (m hnh c s) l kt qu c c khi s dng s liu c

s trong bng W.1 v W.2. Trong khi , Tng tiu th nc sinh hot hng nm (m hnh thit k)
s dng s liu trong bng W.1, kt hp vi s liu cung cp bi nh sn xut thit b s dng
nc.
65

Mcgimtiuthnc sinh hotquaccthitbsdngnc %
1
Tngtiuthncsinhhothngnmquathitbsdngnc Mhnhthitk
Tngtiuthncsinhhothngnmquathitbsdngnc Mhnhcs
100%
V d tnh ton:
Mt cng trnh A vi s lng ngi s dng l 100 ngi cho tng s 50 cn h v c d tnh
lp t cc thit b s dng nc nh trong Bng W.3.
Bng W.3 V d S lng cc loi thit b s dng nc trong cng trnh A v dung tch x/tc dng
chy ca tng loi
Thit b s dng nc trong cng
trnh
S lng thit b
Mc tiu th nc ca tng loi
WC X kp
25
3,0 4,5 Lpf
WC X n
25
5 Lpf
Vi nc loi 1
20
0,12 L/s
Vi nc loi 2
30
0,15 L/s
Vi nc trong bp
50
0,12 L/s
Vi sen
50
0,15 L/s
My git
50
100 L/ln git
Bng W.4 th hin lng nc tiu th ca cng trnh A trong m hnh c s.

Bng W.4 V d Lng nc s dng hng nm qua cc thit b s dng nc trong m hnh c s
Thit b s dng
nc trong cng
trnh
Q X/Chy
S ln dng mt
ngy (n)
S ngi s
dng/cn h
trong cng trnh
(P)
Lng tiu th
nc hng ngy
qua cc thit b
nc
WC X kp
25/50
6 Lpf
100
1200 L
WC X n
25/50
6 Lpf
100
1200 L
Vi nc
50/50
0,14 L/s (15 giy)
100
1470 L
Vi nc trong
bp
50/50
0,14 L/s (60 giy)
50
1680 L
Vi sen
50/50
0,16 L/s (480

giy)
100
7680 L
My git
50/50
120 L/ln git
50
6000 L
TNG tiu th nc hng ngy qua cc thit b nc

TNG tiu th nc mt nm qua cc thit b nc- M
hnh c s
19230 L
7018950 L
66
Bng W.5 V d Lng nc s dng hng nm qua cc thit b s dng nc trong m hnh thit k
Q X/Chy
S ln dng mt
ngy (n)
S ngi s
dng/cn h
trong cng trnh
(P)
Lng tiu th
nc hng ngy
qua cc thit b
nc
25/50
3/4*3 + 1/4*4.5
Lpf
100
675 L
WC X n
25/50
5 Lpf
100
1000 L
Vi nc loi 1
20/50
100
504 L
Vi nc loi 2
30/50
100
945 L
Vi nc trong
bp
50/50
50
1440 L
Vi sen
50/50
100
7200 L
My git
50/50
50
5000 L
Thit b s dng
nc trong cng
trnh
WC X kp
0.12 L/s (15

giy)
0.15 L/s (15
giy)
0.12 L/s (60
giy)
0.15 L/s (480
giy)
100 L/ln git
16764 L
TNG tiu th nc hng ngy qua cc thit b nc

hnh thit k
hnh c s
6118860 L
7018950 L
Mcgimtiuthnc sinh hotquaccthitbsdngnc %

1
6118860
7018950
100%
12,8%
Kt lun, cng trnh c th gim c 12,8% lng tiu th nc sinh hot so vi m hnh c s
nh vic s dng cc thit b tit kim nc.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Thit b tit kim nc (iu Kin Tin Quyt Nc v Khon 1):
Np cc ti liu sau:
Cc bng chng chng thc v lng nc tit kim c, bao gm cc d liu cng b ca
nh sn xut, cc tnh ton k thut v cc d liu cn thit khc
Bng nh lng /n t hng/Ha n cho ton b thit b nc s dng trong cng trnh
67
Cc tnh ton th hin lng nc tiu th cng nh lng nc tit kim c trong trng
hp m hnh c s v trng hp m hnh thit k
Cc mt bng (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin tt c cc c im trong

thit k ca cng trnh gip gim lng nc s dng hoc tng hiu qu s dng nc
Cc mt bng b tr ng ng (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) ca cc h thng s

dng nc trong cng trnh
68
W-2 Ti ch/Ti s dng nc

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic ti ch/ti s dng nc xm nhm gim lng tiu th nc trong cng
trnh v bo v cc ngun nc.
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Lng nc ti ch/ti s dng p ng 10% tng lng tiu th nc ca d n
1 im mi khi lng nc ti ch/ti s dng gip ct gim thm 5% vo mc tiu

th nc sinh hot ca cng trnh (ti a 30%)
Tng Quan
Ti Ch/Ti S Dng Nc (Khon Nc 2):
Nc en l nc thi cha qua x l t cc thit b nh toilet, vi nc trong khu bp hoc nc
thi cng nghip. Trong khi , nc xm bao gm nc thi t cc ngun khc. N bao gm
nc qua s dng c thi ra t bn tm, vi sen, bn ra tay, bn git ra nhng khng bao
gm nc t cc bn ra trong bp.
Ti ch nc thi s tit kim lng nc sch qua x l phi s dng cho cc mc ch nh x

bn cu hoc ti tiu v gim lng nc thi n cc trung tm x l nc. Tm quan trng ca
vic s dng nc khng phi l nc sinh hot nm vic gim nhu cu s dng nc sch, vn
nn c tit kim phc v cc nhu cu thit yu hn nh ung v tm ra.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Ti Ch/Ti S Dng Nc (Khon Nc 2)
Ti ch nc xm c th theo dng qua hoc khng qua x l. Khi nc xm c thu li nhng

khng i hi x l phc tp, cc gii php sau c th p dng thu v ti s dng nc xm:
69
Lp t mt h thng ng ng ring bit dn nc xm t bn tm, phng tm v phng

git ti vn cy ti tiu hoc ti cc bnh cha nc bn cu. Cn lu s dng cc sn
phm v sinh thn thin vi mi trng v mt h thng lc n gin loi b cc cn cng.
Lp t mt h thng ng ng ring bit dn nc xm qua mt h thng mng lc (

loi b cc cht rn ni v cc cht nhim khc) n mt bn cha (xem Hnh W.1). Nc
xm khng nn lu li trong bn cha qu 24 ting trnh lm h hi cc thit b.
Nu nc xm cn c x l s dng trong cc h thng nc sinh hot, cc bin php x l

sau c th c p dng:
X l c hc: lc qua ct, lc qua than hot tnh, tia cc tm hay cc k thut dit khun bng
ozone c th c s dng tiu dit cc tc nhn gy bnh
X l sinh hc: Cc h x l m (v d cc h sinh hc, t ngp nc, cc bc tng thc vt)

v cc h thng nh gn (v d nh cc h thng bn hot tnh, h thng lc sinh hc hiu kh
v k kh, lc sinh hc c lp vt liu ngp trong nc thi v c cung cp kh)
Bt k h thng nc xm c bn no cng phi m bo rng nc xm phi c kim sot cht

ch v khng c trn ln vi nc sch/nc my sinh hot v nc en. Cc bin php nh s
dng cc bn cha, ng dn nc c k hiu mu, cc b lc, cc my bm, van v b iu khin
cn c xc nh r rng.
Nc en kh x l hn v qu trnh x l nc en cn ti cc bin php phn tch vt l, x l

ha hc cng nh sinh hc, ng thi cn c kh trng cn thn trc khi s dng. Mt h
thng x l nc en thng bao gm 4 cng on:
Phn tch cc vt th rn c kch thc ln hn, ct, si v cc cht rn khi nc thi.
X l phn tch cht rn v du m.
X l tinh nhm loi b cc cht hu c tan trong nc thi.
X l khu cui nhm kh trng v loi b cc sinh vt c hi.
70
Hnh W.1 H thng thu nc xm
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton lng nc thi c thu li hng nm cng da trn mt cng thc chung nh php
tnh lng tiu th nc sinh hot hng nm nh trong Khon W-1, ngoi tr vic ch nhng thit
b s dng nc c u ra c ni vi h thng thu gom nc xm/en c tnh n trong tnh
ton.
Lngncthugomhngnm
L
nm
Lngncsdnghngnm
L
nm
TnglngnctiuthquathitbtrongMhnhthitk
Lngnctiuthphcvtitiu Lng nc tiu th phc v nhng nhu cu khc
F
Phn trm thit b nc = S lng thit b nc vi 1 dung tch di/tc chy nht
nh Tng s thit b cng loi [%]
S ln s dng cho 1 loi thit b nc ca 1 ngi trong 1 ngy
S lng ngi s dng thit b nc trong cng trnh
Qx
Mc tiu th nc trn mt ln x ca mt loi thit b x nht nh [L]
Qchy
Tc chy ca mt loi thit b dng chy nht nh [L/s]
71

tchy
Thi gian s dng thit b dng chy [s]
S ngy hot ng trong mt nm (365 ngy)
* Tt c cc thit b c ni n trong php tnh trn u phi c ni vi mt h thng thu gom

nc xm/nc en
Lng nc c thu gom s phi i qua cc h thng x l, ph thuc vo mc ch s dng sau

. Tt c cc h thng x l t n gin cho n phc tp u lm tht thot mt lng nc
nht nh. Chnh v vy, lng nc thc s c s dng s c tnh bng lng nc thu c
nhn vi h s hiu qu nc ca h thng x l ph hp vi mc ch s dng.
Lngncthugomthchngnmchomtmcchsdng
E
L
nm
Lngncthugomhngnmchomtmcchsdng
L
nm
Et = Hiu sut nc ca h thng x l (Lng nc u ra / Lng nc u vo)
Tnglngtiuthnc
L
nm
Lngtiuthnchngnmquathitbnc
Lngtiuthncchotitiu
Lngtiuthncchohthngiuha
Lngtiuthncchoccmcchkhc
NcTich/TiSDng %
Lngncthugomthchngnm
Tnglngtiuthnchngnmcacngtrnh
100%
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Np cc h s d liu sau:
Cc mt bng b tr ng ng ca ton b h thng nc xm, bao gm c h thng phn

phi, lu tr v h thng x l vi hiu sut thit k
Cc tnh ton th hin tng lng tiu th nc hng nm (M hnh thit k) v lng nc
sinh hot tit kim c
Cc tnh ton th hin lng nc xm thu c v c ti ch/ti s dng
72
W-3 Thu Nc Ma
Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic tn dng nc ma gim lng nc sinh hot s dng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Lng nc ma thu c ng gp 5% vo tng lng tiu th nc ca d n
Tng Quan
Thu Nc Ma (Khon Nc 3):
Thu nc ma lin quan n vic thu gom v d tr ma. Thng thng, nc ma c gom t
mi nh v c dn n cc bn cha (Hnh W.2). Nc ma d tr c th c s dng cho cc
mc ch nh ti cc vn cy, git gi, hoc di cc bn v sinh. Cc h thng thu nc ma rt
a dng, t mt thng nc t ti im cui ca ng thot nc mi cho n cc h thng phc
tp vi h thng bnh cha, my bm v iu khin.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Nc ma c th c thu gom t cc b mt khng thm nc gim thiu lng nc ma
chy trn v qun l c s h tng thot nc. Ti ni c lng nc ma trung bnh cao hn
254mm mt nm, h thng thu gom nc ma trn mi c khuyn khch s dng v l h thng
hiu qu kinh t nht. Nc ma c th c lu gi trong cc bn cha nhm phc v mt s
mc ch s dng khng yu cu nc sch/nc sinh hot. Cc cht nhim trong khng kh c
th lm nhim bn nc ma v c th gy h hi n cc bn cha cng nh h thng bm.
Trong trng hp ny, nc ma nn c lc trc khi dn vo cc b. Thay v lp t mt h
thng lc, mt c ch c th gip gt b lng nc ma ban u hn ch lng nhim chy
vo bn cha. Lng nc ma ban u thng mang theo cc nhim trong khng kh cng cc
73

cht bn khc trn mi trong qu trnh ri xung. Mi thit b s dng u cn c kim tra v
bo dng mt cch n gin nhng thng xuyn v nh k.
Hnh W.2 H thng thu nc ma
Tnh Ton
12
Lngncmathugic L
1
Ri
Lng ma trung bnh hng thng [mm] (Gi tr c th tham kho QCVN 02:2009/BXD
Quy chun k thut quc gia v s liu iu kin t nhin dng trong xy dng)
Din tch hng ma (din tch mt chiu bng ca b mt hng ma) [m2]
CR
H s chy trn ca b mt hng nc ma
Mi b mt c mt h s chy trn ring bit, h s ny ch phn trm nc ma chy trn khi

ng bin ca mt b mt vt liu nht nh. Bng W.6 ch c s dng khi khng c d liu
cng b t nh sn xut th hin h s chy trn cho mt b mt vt liu.
Bng W.6 H s chy trn cho cc b mt khc nhau

c im b mt
H s chy trn CR
Nha ng
0,70-0,85
Gch
0,70-0,85
74
B tng
0,80-0,95
Cc loi g (cy tha cho n c)
0,05-0,25
Cc loi mi
0,75-0,95
(Ngun: American Society of Civil Engineers)
Tnglngtiuthnc
L
nm
Lngtiuthnchngnmquathitbnc
Lngtiuthncchotitiu
Lngtiuthncchohthngiuha
Lngtiuthncchoccmcchkhc
Lngncmanggp %
Lngncmathcdnghngnm
Tnglngtiuthnchngnmcacngtrnh
100%
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Thu Nc Ma (Khon Nc 3)
Mt bng khu t (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) ch ra tt c cc b mt thu nc

cng vi din tch ca chng
Cc mt bng k thut ca h thng thu nc ma (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu),

bao gm c h thng ng ng v b cha
D liu cng b t nh sn xut ch h s chy cho tt c vt liu b mt hng nc
Tnh ton ch ra tng lng nc ma thu c v tng lng tiu th nc hng nm cho
trng hp m hnh thit k ca cng trnh
75
W-4 Sn Vn Tit Kim Nc

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch cc cy trng bn a v thit k cnh quan gip hn ch nhu cu nc cho
ti tiu v loi b nhu cu s dng nc ung/sinh hot cho ti tiu
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Khng s dng nc sinh hot cho ti cy

-HOCS dng cng ngh ti tiu gip tit kim nc
Khng s dng nc sinh hot cho ti cy
-VS dng cng ngh ti tiu gip tit kim nc
Tng Quan
Sn Vn Tit Kim Nc (Khon Nc 4):
Sn vn tit kim nc ti tiu l nhng khu vc sn vn cnh quan ch cn mt lng nc

ti ti thiu duy tr. Bng vic gim thiu nhu cu ti tiu cho sn vn, tng lng nc tiu
th ca mt cng trnh c th c gim ng k. Lng nc s dng cho ti tiu c th c
ly t nc xm v nc ma.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Sn Vn Tit Kim Nc (Khon Nc 4)
Cc gii php cho vn ny c th bao gm:
Thit k cnh quan c kt hp cc loi cy trng thch ng kh hu a phng/cy trng bn

a gim thiu cc nhu cu ti (cnh quan chng hn Xeriscaping). Mt s v d ca cc
cy trng chu hn l:
-
Cc loi cy h xng rng: Xng rng, L hi, h thu du
Cc loi cy loi cy keo: Cy keo l trm v cy keo tai tng l hai loi cy trng ph
bin nht ca dng cy keo ti Vit Nam.
76
Gim cc khu vc vn trng c do thm c thng tiu th nhiu nc.
Bn cnh vic thit k cnh quan chng hn, cn thc hin mt nghin cu trn tt c cc loi
cy trng trong sn vn ca cng trnh. Sau khi nh gi c tnh ca tt c cc loi cy
trng, mt k hoch ti nc ph hp c th gim thiu lng nc ti. Mt bng k hoch
ghi r thi gian v lng nc ti s gip hn ch lng nc tiu th.
Cc h thng ti s dng nc thi v/hoc nc ma cng c th c tch hp trong h

thng nc ca cng trnh, nh vy nc thi ti s dng/ma c th c s dng cho ti
tiu sn vn ca cng trnh. Tuy nhin cc cht c hi nn c lc b trc khi s dng
nc thi c ti s dng v nc ma ti cy. X phng v cc loi vt cht ty ra nn
c chn la k cng; chng cn l loi thn thin vi mi trng, c th phn hy sinh hc
t nhin v khng gy tn hi n cc cy trng.
V d mt s cc cng ngh ti tiu tit kim nc:
p dng h thng ti nc nh git hoc bong bng cung cp nc trc tip n cc gc

cy. Phng php ny gim t 30% n 50% lng nc cn trong cc h thng ti phun
thng thng.
S dng h thng ti tiu t ng vi cm ng ma
Lp t b iu khin c cm ng m, nh h thng ti tiu ch hot ng khi m

ca sn vn h do nhit tng hoc gi.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Sn Vn Tit Kim Nc (Khon Nc 4):
Bo co t n v chu trch nhim thit k cnh quan ch r nhu cu ti tiu cho cng trnh
Cc mt bng th hin thit k cnh quan chu hn (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu)
cng mt danh sch lit k tt c loi cy trng s dng (vi cc m t chi tit v c tnh loi,
c im ti tiu, v s lng c th d tnh cho tng loi)
Mt bng k hoch ti nc vi nhng ch gii khng nh tnh ph hp i vi loi cnh

quan chu hn v tnh chu hn ca n
77
Cc mt bng b tr ca h thng ti tiu (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) v cc

thnh phn ca n
Trch dn t bng thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) cho tt c cc
thit b ti tiu tit kim nc trong cng trnh vi cc m t chi tit
Cc m t ca tt c thit b gip gim tiu th nc sinh hot c p dng trong thit k

cnh quan cng trnh (bao gm h thng thu gom v phn phi nc thi/ma)
78
Vi tc th ha ln n 28%, Vit Nam ang tr

thnh i cng trng vi nhiu d n xy dng ln nh.
Theo , nhu cu v vt liu xy dng s tng khong
10%/nm. Tuy nhin, s pht trin ny s khng bn
vng v cn ph thuc qu nhiu vo khai thc mi ti
nguyn. Hn na, ti Vit Nam cn tn ti nhiu m hnh
khai thc quy m nh vi cng ngh lc hu, gy lng ph
ti nguyn v nhim mi trng.
Hng mc Vt liu ca LOTUS gm 3 mc tiu chnh: gim
thiu s dng cc vt liu sn xut t ngun ti nguyn
mi khai thc; khuyn khch s dng cc loi vt liu bn
vng v tiu tn t nng lng trong c vng i; gim
lng x thi xy dng. c th t c nhng mc
tiu trn, cc khon trong hng mc ny khuyn khch
vic cc cng trnh s dng li nhng vt liu xy dng
v kt cu c ti cng trng, s dng vt liu ti ch,
cc vt liu t nhng ngun bn vng v vt liu khng
nung.
Vt liu
Trong vng i ca vt liu, cc hot ng t khai thc,

sn xut , vn chuyn cng nh s dng v tiu hy u
tc ng khng tt cho mi trng. c bit, hot ng
khai thc thm ch c th hy hoi nhiu h sinh thi, gy
nhim mi trng v tiu tn lng nng lng v ti
nguyn ln. V vy, vic khai thc mi ti nguyn cn phi
c hn ch.
Vt liu
Khon
M-1 Ti s dng
vt liu
M-2 Vt liu c
thnh phn ti
ch
M-3 Vt liu d
ti to
M-4 G xy dng
M-5 Vt liu
khng nung
Tiu Ch
17 im
im
Ti s dng lng vt liu xy dng tng ng vi 25% (tnh trn gi thnh)

tng s dng vt liu ca d n
1 im khi ti s dng thm 15% vt liu xy dng (ti a 70%)
Vt liu c thnh phn ti ch ng gp t nht 10% (tnh trn gi thnh) vo

tng s dng vt liu ca d n
1 im khi vt liu c thnh phn ti ch ng gp thm 5% (ti a 25%)
Vt liu d ti to p ng t nht 1% (tnh trn gi thnh) tng gi tr vt liu

ca d n
Vt liu d ti to p ng t nht 2% (tnh trn gi thnh) tng gi tr vt liu
ca d n
25% g xy dng s dng (tnh trn gi thnh) c ly t ngun bn vng
1
2
1
50% g xy dng s dng (tnh trn gi thnh) c ly t ngun bn vng
30% (tnh trn khi lng) tng khng chu lc c lm t vt liu khng
nung
1 im mi khi c thm 15% (tnh trn khi lng) tng khng chu lc c
lm t vt liu khng nung (ti a 90%)
80
M-1 Ti S Dng Vt Liu
Mc ch
khuyn khch v cng nhn n lc ca cc cng trnh trong vic ti s dng cc thnh phn kt
cu sn c nhm gim thiu vic tiu th vt liu
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Ti s dng lng vt liu xy dng tng ng vi 25% (tnh trn gi thnh) tng
s dng vt liu ca d n
1 im khi ti s dng thm 15% vt liu xy dng (ti a 70%)
Tng Quan
Ti S Dng Vt Liu (Khon Vt Liu 1):
Ti s dng vt liu c th gim ng k nhu cu s dng vt liu xy dng mi, t gim cc
tc ng xu n mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng v pht trin.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

C hai cch ti s dng vt liu:
Gii php ti s dng cc vt liu/cu kin chu lc sn c ti khu t xy dng nhng vn gi
nguyn hnh dng v chc nng ban u ca chng
Sau y l mt s v d v cc cu kin ph hp tho mn cc yu cu cho khon ny:
Mng
Ct
Dm
Cc kt cu chu lc mi
Sn v sn ph
81

Ti s dng cc vt liu c sn ti khu t hoc mang t ngoi khu t xy dng
Cn cn nhc tnh s dng, s ph hp v kh nng kt hp ca nhng vt liu hoc sn phm

c ti s dng. Ngay t giai on u ca d n, cn nh gi xem vt liu no c th tn dng
c hoc c th cho hoc c th mua li ti a phng. Cc vt liu hoc sn phm ti s dng
c th c gi tr quan trng v cng nng hoc thm m. Cc loi g c tn dng c th c cht
lng hoc thuc cc chng loi him hin nay.
Tt c cc vt liu, sn phm c ti s dng xut pht t trong hay ngoi khu t xy dng, tr
cc h thng dch v hoc cc thit b c kh, u hp cch. Di y l mt s v d v cc vt liu
hoc sn phm c th c ti s dng:
Gch
T k
Ca i
Cc tm bao che
Ca s
Vt liu lt sn
Gch p trn
Cc vch ngn ni tht & khung tng phi kt cu
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton c thc hin da trn gi thnh. Loi n v c chn phi c p dng thng nht
cho tt c cc vt liu trong qu trnh tnh ton. S dng phng php sau xc nh phn trm
vt liu c ti s dng:
nh gi nhu cu vt liu cho ton b d n
nh gi lng vt liu c ti s dng
Lit k gi thnh cc vt liu theo bng mu (Bng M.1) v tnh ton phn trm lng vt liu
c ti s dng theo cng thc sau:
Vtliutisdng %
S
S
100%
82
Sr = Lng vt liu ti s dng [VN]

Stot = Tng gi tr vt liu cho ton d n [VN]
Bng M.1 - V d Tnh Ton Vt Liu Ti S Dng
Vt liu xy dng
Gi ca ton b vt liu
cn trong d n [VN]
Gi lng vt liu ti s
dng [VN]
B-tng
500.000.000
300.000.000
Thp
100.000.000
100.000.000
Gch
40.000.000
30.000.000
Ca s
40.000.000
Tng
680.000.000
430.000.000
Phn trm ti s dng [%]
63%
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Cc bn v mt bng (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc vt liu hin hu

ti khu t xy dng s c ti s dng (cn ghi r nu cc vt liu ny c c ti s dng
trong hnh dng vn c hay khng)
Bng nh lng ton b vt liu cn thit cho d n, trong ch r nh lng cho ton b
vt liu ti s dng c a vo t bn ngoi khu t xy dng
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc loi
vt liu s c ti s dng
Cc tnh ton th hin vic tun th cc yu cu
83
M-2 Vt Liu C Thnh Phn Ti Ch
Mc ch
Nhm thc y vic s dng vt liu ti ch trong xy dng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Vt liu c thnh phn ti ch ng gp t nht 10% (tnh trn gi thnh) vo tng s dng vt
liu ca d n
1 im khi vt liu c thnh phn ti ch ng gp thm 5% (ti a 25%)
*Nu chi ph cho vt liu c thnh phn ti ch t hn 1% tng gi tr cng trnh th khon ny s khng c p dng.
**Yu cu ti thiu v thnh phn ti ch ca mi loi vt liu - tham kho Tip Cn & Thc Hnh
Tng Quan
Vt Liu C Thnh Phn Ti Ch (Khon Vt Liu 2):
S dng vt liu ti ch gip gim nhu cu khai thc cc vt liu th v hn ch x thi. T , vic
s dng vt liu ti ch gip gim cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng do vic khai thc v x l
nguyn liu th.
Trong trng hp vi xi-mng, cc cht thi cng nghip nh tro, x l cao, mui silic, u c th
c ti ch v s dng thay th cho clanhke pooclan (Portland clinker) trong xi mng. Cht lng
ca chng cn phi c kim sot cht ch bng H Thng m Bo Cht Lng m bo
cng nng ca chng trong cc thnh phn kt cu. Cc gii php ny ang c khuyn khch do
vic sn xut clanhke pooclan ng gp ti 90% tng lng pht thi kh nh knh ca c ngnh
sn xut b tng. Thay th mt phn lng clanhke pooclan bng cc sn phm t cht thi cng
nghip s hn ch nhu cu khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin v gim lng pht thi kh nh knh
trong sn xut xi mng, ng thi gip tn dng vt liu ph thi m trc nay vn phi chn lp.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Mi vt liu hoc sn phm xy dng u c tnh, ngoi tr mt s thit b c kh nh h thng
iu ha, thit b s dng nc, h thng thang my...
84

Ch nh cc vt liu c thnh phn ti ch cao s dng trong xy dng v cung cp y cc
thng s k thut bi nh sn xut v vt liu trong c bao gm phn trm ti ch. Cc vt liu
hp cch cho khon ny phi c thnh phn ti ch ti thiu nh sau:
Xi-mng: Thnh phn ti ch ti thiu l 10%
Thp: Thnh phn ti ch ti thiu l 15%
Khc: Thnh phn ti ch ti thiu l 10%
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton c da trn chi ph. Phn trm vt liu c thnh phn ti ch c tnh ton theo
phng php sau:
nh gi cho ton b lng vt liu c thnh phn ti ch trong d n
Lit k cc vt liu theo bng mu (Bng M.2) v tnh lng vt liu c thnh phn ti ch theo
cng thc sau:
Vtliucthnhphntich %
C
C
100%
Cr = Tng chi ph cc vt liu c thnh phn ti ch trong d n [VN]

Ctot = Tng gi tr vt liu trong ton d n [VN]
Bng M.2 - V d Tnh Ton Vt liu c Thnh Phn Ti Ch
Vt liu xy dng
Gi ca ton b vt liu
cn trong d n [VN]
Gi lng vt liu c
thnh phn ti ch [VN]
B-tng
500.000.000
100.000.000
Thp
100.000.000
50.000.000
Gch trn
80.000.000
30.000.000
Thm
50.000.000
10.000.000
67.000.000
Tng
797.000.000
190.000.000
Phn trm vt liu c

thnh phn ti ch [%]
24%
85
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Cc s liu t nh sn xut th hin thnh phn ti ch -HOC- mt thng bo c k v

ng du bi nh sn xut xc nhn thnh phn ti ch
Cc tnh ton th hin vic tun th cc yu cu
Bng nh lng cho ton b vt liu cn thit trong d n, trong ch r mi vt liu c

thnh phn ti ch
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc loi
vt liu c thnh phn ti ch s c s dng
86
M-3 Vt Liu D Ti To
Mc ch
Nhm ng h vic s dng cc vt liu d ti to
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Vt liu d ti to p ng t nht 1% (tnh trn gi thnh) tng gi tr vt liu ca d

n
Vt liu d ti to p ng t nht 2% (tnh trn gi thnh) tng gi tr vt liu ca d
n
1
2
Tng Quan
Vt Liu D Ti To (Khon Vt Liu 3):
Cc vt liu xy dng t nhin truyn thng, nh g, thng cn mt lng ln t, dinh dng
v thi gian sn sinh. Ngoi ra, vic qun l v trng rng km hiu qu s gp phn hy hoi
cc h sinh thi t nhin, hy hoi mi trng sng, si mn t v gy nhim ngun nc. Cc
loi nha gc du li cn cc cht ha thch sn xut.
Cc vt liu d ti to l cc vt liu xy dng t nhin, nh bn hoc tre, c th trng c v cho

thu hoch trong vng 10 nm. Cc vt liu ny cn t t, cc ngun ti nguyn v vn hn to
ra cng mt lng vt liu.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Ch nh r cc vt liu xy dng c sn xut hon ton hoc mt phn t cc vt liu d ti to.
Danh sch sau y lit k mt s vt liu d ti to c th c s dng (cng trnh vn c th s
dng cc vt liu p ng yu cu khc):
Tre
Da
Rm
Bn
Sy
87
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton c thc hin da trn chi ph. Phn trm vt liu d ti to c th c tnh theo cng
thc sau:
nh gi cho ton b lng vt liu d ti to trong d n
Lit k cc vt liu theo bng mu (Bng M.3) v tnh lng vt liu d ti to vi cng thc
sau:
MC
MC
Vtliudtito %
100%
MCrr = Tng chi ph cho vt liu d ti to [VN]

MCtot = Tng gi tr vt liu trong ton d n [VN]
Bng M.3 V d v Tnh Ton Phn Trm Vt Liu D Ti To
Vt Liu Xy Dng
Gi ca ton b vt
liu cn trong d n
[VN]
Gi lng vt liu d
ti to [VN]
Phn trm vt liu d

ti to [%]
Tng
1.000.000.000
11.000.000
1%
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
D liu cng b ca nh sn xut ch ra thnh phn t ngun d ti to trong sn phm HOC - mt thng bo c k v ng du bi nh sn xut ch ra thnh phn t ngun d
ti to trong sn phm
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc cu

kin c s dng vt liu d ti to s c s dng trong cng trnh
Cc tnh ton ch ra vic tun th cc yu cu
Bng nh lng cho ton b vt liu trong d n, trong ch r lng vt liu d ti to
n t hng hoc ha n cho tt c vt liu d ti to

88
M-4 G Xy Dng
Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch s dng g c sn xut t cc ngun cung bn vng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
25% (tnh trn gi thnh) tng gi tr g xy dng dng trong d n n t ngun
khai thc bn vng
50% (tnh trn gi thnh) tng gi tr g xy dng dng trong d n n t ngun
khai thc bn vng
im
1
2
*Chi ph cho g vt liu phi t t nht 1% tng gi tr vt liu s dng cho cng trnh khon ny c p dng.
Tng Quan
G Xy Dng (Khon Vt Liu 4):
G xy dng nn c s dng li, ti ch hoc sn xut t cc ngun bn vng, tt nht l t cc
ngun c Hi ng Qun L Rng ti Vit Nam, Chng trnh Chng nhn Rng (PEFC), Hi
ng Chng nhn G Malaysia (MTCC) hoc cc t chc chuyn trch khc cng nhn. y l
nhng chng trnh chng nhn quc t nhm m bo cc lm sn c chng nhn u bt
ngun t nhng cnh rng c qun l tt. Nhng cnh rng ny cng c nh gi c lp v
kh nng cung cp g bn vng, m bo duy tr h sinh thi rng, v tnh kh thi v ti chnh
cng nh kinh t x hi.
S dng g xy dng t cc ngun khai thc c chng thc v tnh bn vng s gip m
bo cho s tn ti v pht trin ca din tch rng ti Vit Nam.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Khon ny s khng p dng cho cc cng trnh trong chi ph cho g vt liu t hn 1% tng
gi tr vt liu s dng trong cng trnh.
Cc vch ngn khng c nh v g ni tht khng c tnh n trong khon ny. Cc thnh
phn cng trnh sau y (khng gii hn trong danh sch) c th s dng g t rng bn vng:
Khung kt cu
89
Sn, tng, trn
Cc vt liu hon thin
Trang thit b ph thm
g dng trong cng nh ngoi cng trnh nh ca s, ca ra vo, v thit b bng g khc
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton c da trn chi ph. Phn trm lng g xy dng bn vng s c tnh ton theo
cch sau:
nh gi nhu cu vt liu g xy dng cho ton b d n
nh gi cho ton b lng vt liu g xy dng bn vng trong d n
Lit k cc vt liu theo mu bng sau (Bng M.4) v tnh ton lng g xy dng bn vng vi
cng thc sau:
Gxydngbnvng %
T
T
100%
Ts = Tng chi ph cho g xy dng bn vng s dng trong d n [VN]

Ttot = Tng gi tr vt liu g xy dng trong ton d n [VN]
Bng M.4 - V d v Tnh Ton Phn Trm G Bn Vng
Vt Liu Xy Dng
Gi ca ton b vt liu
g cn trong d n
[VN]
Gi lng g bn vng
[VN]
Phn trm g bn
vng [%]
Tng
20.000.000
10.000.000
50%
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
D liu cng b ca nh sn xut ch ra g xy dng s dng t mt ngun c cng nhn

bi Hi ng Qun l Rng hoc t chc quc t c chp nhn khc
Mt bo co ghi r cc mc ch s dng cho g xy dng bn vng
90
Bng nh lng cho ton b g xy dng trong d n, trong ch r ton b lng g xy

dng bn vng
n t hng v ha n cho tt c g xy dng bn vng
Cc tnh ton chng minh vic tun th cc yu cu
91
M-5 Vt liu khng nung

Mc ch
Nhm gim vic s dng cc vt liu nung v thay th bng cc vt liu khng nung
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
30% (tnh trn khi lng) tng khng chu lc c lm t vt liu khng nung
1 im mi khi c thm 15% (tnh trn khi lng) tng khng chu lc c lm t
vt liu khng nung (ti a 90%)
Tng Quan
Vt Liu Khng Nung (Khon Vt Liu 5):
Cc hnh thi xy dng ph bin ti Vit Nam bao gm nhng kt cu ct, dm cng cc loi
tng gch khng chu lc bn trong v bn ngoi ca cng trnh. Chnh v vy phn ln din tch
v cng trnh c cu thnh nn bi gch, m ch yu l gch nung. Hng nm chng ta tiu thu
khong 20 t vin gch v c tnh n nm 2020 s lng ny s tng ln ti 40 t vin. iu ny
ng ngha vi vic khai thc hng t khi t st mi nm v hng nghn din tch t canh nng
nghip b khai thc sai mc ch, dn n bt n an ninh lng thc quc gia. Khng ch th, vic
khai thc v sn xut ch yu vi cc l gch a phng quy m nh v cng ngh lc hu dn
n lng ph nguyn vt liu, sn sinh mt lng ln khi bi c hi gy nh hng nghim
trong ti mi trng xung quanh. Hin nay trn th gii p dng nhiu cng ngh sn xut vt
liu xy dng khng nung mang li nhiu kt qu tch cc nh: tn dng c nhiu ngun
nguyn liu r tin hin c ti cc vng min, to ra c nhiu loi VLXD c gi thnh thp,...
Ngy 28/04/2010, Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quyt nh s 567/Q-TTg v Chng trnh
pht trin vt liu khng nung n nm 2020. Trong quy nh cc cng trnh xy dng trn 9
tng (k t nm 2011) phi s dng ti thiu 30% vt liu khng nung trn tng s vt liu xy
dng. Cc cng trnh khc cng u c khuyn khch s dng loi vt liu ny vi cc gii php
v c ch chnh sch, khoa hc k thut v thng tin tuyn truyn c th.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

92

Cc vt liu xy dng khng nung bao gm, nhng khng gii hn trong nhng v d sau:
Gch b tng
Tm thch cao
Tm b tng tin ch/c sn
Gch polime ha
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton c da trn khi lng (m3). Phn trm vt liu khng nung c th c tnh ton
theo phng php sau:
Xc nh khi lng tng khng chu lc cn cho ton b d n
Xc nh khi lng vt liu khng nung s dng trong xy dng tng khng chu lc trong
d n
Lit k cc vt liu theo bng mu sau (Bng M.5) v tnh ton lng vt liu khng nung theo
cng thc sau:
Vtliukhngnung %
Wb
W
100%
Wb = Khi lng tng khng chu lng c xy nn bi vt liu khng nung trong cng trnh
[m3]
Wtot = Tng khi lng tng khng chu lc trong cng trnh [m3]
Bng M.5 - V d v Tnh Ton Phn Trm Vt Liu Khng Nung
Vt Liu Xy Dng
Tng khi lng

tng khng chu lc
[m3]
Khi lng vt liu

khng nung [m3]
Phn trm vt liu

khng nung [%]
Tng
475
285
60%
Np H S
93

Cc mt bng thit k (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin v tr v din tch ca
cc bc tng khng chu lc vi ch thch v cc bc tng khng chu lc c xy bng vt
liu khng nung
S liu v tt c vt liu khng nung c xut cho cc bc tng khng chu lc
Bng nh lng cho lng vt liu khng nung
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc vt

liu khng nung s c s dng
Cc tnh ton chng minh vic tun th cc yu cu
94
V vy gim thiu nhng tc ng xu ca pht trin

kinh t ti mi trng, cc d n xy dng cn phi c
b hp trong cc khu vc c quy hoch v trnh
m rng ra cc vng hoang d. i vi cc d n ln, mi
nguy c gy hi cho mi trng cn c tnh ton cn
k v gim thiu bng mi cch. Vic ci to v xy dng
trn cc khu vc b nhim c th gip nhng hn
ch cc tc ng c hi vn c.
Hng mc Sinh thi ca LOTUS khuyn khch vic hoch
nh k hoch xy dng k cng nhm bo v mi trng
t nhin sn c. t c mc tiu , cng trnh
c yu cu la chn t xy dng k vng, bo v tng
t mt giu cht dinh dng, bo v a dng sinh thi,
thm thc vt cng nh xy dng mi xanh.
Sinh thi
u th k 21, th gii ang chng kin s pht trin

mnh m cng mc th ha chng mt trn ton
Chu vi dn s th ln n 10 triu ngi. Vit Nam
cng khng nm ngoi xu th vi tc th ha
tng nhanh cng tng GDP. Mc d th ha gip
ci thin i sng ca ngi dn, tc tng qu nhanh
cng nhng kh khn trong qun l ang e da s tn
ti ca h sinh thi t nhin. Khi t hoang nhanh chng
bin thnh cng trng xy dng, cc qun th sinh thi
cng dn bin mt cng nhiu loi sinh vt.
Sinh thi
Khon
Eco-1 Mi trng
Tiu Ch
Eco-3 a dng sinh

hc
Eco-4 Chn v tr
xy dng
im
KTQ Sinh thi 1
Thc hin nh gi Tc ng Mi trng (TM)
KTQ Sinh thi 2
Cc bin php bt buc gip hn ch tc ng ti mi trng khu t

trong qu trnh xy dng
Eco-2 Bo v lp
t mu
13 im
Bo v 20% lp t mu/t mt hin hu trong phm vi cng trnh

1 im khi c thm 20% lp t mu/t mt hin hu trong phm vi
cng trnh c bo v (ti a 60%)
Cho thy mt mc ci thin a dng sinh hc c th r rang v cc
gii php duy tr bn vng cho s a dng trong phm vi cng trng
1
1
3
2
Chn v tr/khu t tng c s dng cho xy dng
Chn v tr/khu t b nhim v x l nhim
Khi phc thm thc vt trn 15% din tch ca mt khu t (bao gm
din tch mi) b khai thc hoc h hi
-HOC-
Eco - 5 Thm thc

vt
Bo tn din tch thm thc vt tng ng vi 15% din tch khu t

(bao gm din tch mi)
Khi phc thm thc vt trn 30% din tch ca mt khu t (bao gm
din tch mi) b khai thc hoc h hi
-HOC-
Bo tn din tch thm thc vt tng ng vi 30% din tch khu t

(bao gm din tch mi)
t nht 30% din tch mi l mi xanh
t nht 50% din tch mi l mi xanh
Eco- 6 Mi Xanh
96
Eco-1 Mi Trng
Mc ch
Nhm gim cc tc ng tiu cc ca hot ng xy dng n mi trng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
KTQ Sinh thi 1
Thc hin nh gi Tc ng Mi trng (TM)
KTQ Sinh thi 2
Cc bin php bt buc gip hn ch tc ng ti mi trng khu t trong qu trnh xy dng
Tng Quan
Mi Trng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Sinh Thi 1):
Mt khu t khng c gi tr sinh thi ng k (hay gi tr sinh thi thp) khi n khng cn kh
nng cung cp v h tr cho s sng ca cc sinh vt bn a nh mt phn ca h sinh thi t
nhin. t ai c gi tr sinh thi cao trong trng thi hon ton t nhin, tuy nhin, qu trnh pht
trin c th tn ph khu t ti mc khng th phc hi v lm mt i gi tr nui dng cc
qun th loi hin hu. Bng vic s dng hp l din tch t qua khai thc thay cho t t
nhin, chng ta c th ngn chn vic thu hp ca din tch t t nhin trong qu trnh pht
trin.
Cc tc ng mi trng ch nhng nh hng t nhng hot ng ca con ngi hay cc hin
tng t nhin ln h sinh vt v mi trng sng ca chng. Hu qu ca cc tc ng ny
thng ko di v kh d on, o lng hay khc phc.
Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) l h s nh gi mi tc ng m cng trnh c th
gy ra cho mi trng. Bo co cung cp cc thng tin theo yu cu ca cc cp c thm quyn
nhm h tr vic thm nh/nh gi kh nng trin khai v cch thc tin hnh d n.
Mi Trng (Khon Sinh Thi 1):
Nhng xo trn trong khu t s gy nh hng ti h sinh thi ti v lm gim ng k gi tr
sinh thi ca khu t. S xo trn sinh thi c th ph hy kt cu v chc nng ca c h sinh thi.
97

Cc nh hng ca vic xo trn thng ko di qua hn mt chu k pht trin v phc hi ca
thc vt trong t nhin.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Nn chn cc khu t khng c gi tr sinh thi cho vic xy dng nhm bo v t nng nghip
v nhng khu vc mi trng sng quan trng. Bng Eco.1 l mt danh mc gip xc nh gi tr
sinh thi ca mt khu t. Bn pha D n phi in y v np bng ny cho VGBC nh mt
phn ca h s np.
Bng Eco.1 Danh mc kim tra gi tr sinh thi ca t
Phn 1: Nhng c im sinh thi quan trng ca khu t
Nu tr li C cho bt k mt cu hi no trong Phn 1, khu t c coi l c gi tr sinh

thi cao.
Nu tr li Khng cho ton b cu hi trong Phn 1, xin tip tc tr li Phn 2.
Khu t c c xc nh l mi trng sng cho cc loi thuc bc
Nguy cp, Sp nguy cp hay B e da theo khung phn loi
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
ca Sch IUCN, cc nghin cu quc t hoc Sch Vit Nam?

Khu t c c xc nh l nursery ground, h tr mt nhm loi
2
a dng?
C s hin din ca bt k h t nhin, sui hoc sng no trong a
3
phn khu t khng?
C s hin din ca bt k m ly, din tch t ngp nc hoc
4
t ngp nc ven sng no trong a phn khu t khng?
C s hin din ca rng nguyn sinh/rng c trng/khu bo tn
5
rng/rng phng h/c chng no trong a phn khu t khng?
Khu t c bao gm cc din tch t cha khai thc/nguyn dng
6
vi mi trng sng hoang d khng?
Phn 2: Loi t c th s dng trong xy mi, lt, thit k cnh quan hay thit k li vo cng
98

trnh.
Ch tip tc Phn 2 khi tr li Khng vi tt c cc cu hi Phn 1.
Nu tr li C cho mt hoc mt s cc cu hi trong Phn 2, khu t c th c xc nh l t

c gi tr sinh thi khng cao v nh vy iu kin tin quyt khon sinh thi 1 (KTQ Sinh Thi 1)
c p ng. (Ngi nh gi s phi kim tra tnh chnh xc ca cc thng tin trong danh
mc ny vi bn v khu t.)
Khng
C
Khu t c nm trong vng quy hoch th/khu cng nghip c
1
chnh ph quy nh/ph duyt khng?
Khu t xy dng c nm trn trong din tch xy dng ca cng trnh
2
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
sn c hoc cng trnh c d b trong vng 5 nm trc khng?

Khu t xy dng c nm trn trong din tch lt/ph nn cng ca
3
mt d n khc, din tch khu trng gi xe hay mt loi b mt xy

tng t nhng c d b trong vng 5 nm trc?
Khu t xy dng c bao gm din tch t b nhim bi cc cht
thi cng nghip hoc cc dng x thi khc n mc bt buc

phi c nhng gii php khc phc trc khi xy dng?
Khu t xy dng c bao gm din tch t trong c c cng trnh
5
xy dng sn c, mt lt cnh quan cng v/hoc t b nhim?
C phi 80% khu t xy dng c s dng cho mc ch thm
6
canh nng nghip trong t nht 3 nm?
Khu t xy dng c nm trn trong din tch t trc, HOC trong
7
din tch t c lm c thng xuyn v/hoc sn th thao trong

hn 2 nm?
Mi trng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Sinh Thi 2):

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng l cn thit tnh ton mi s xo trn n mi trng c
th xy ra trc khi quyt nh la chn khu t d n. Vic nh gi gi tr sinh thi khu t nn
c thc hin m bo rng khu t khng c gi tr i vi hot ng nng nghip hoc l
mi trng sng cho cc c th hoang d. Vic nh gi phi tun th theo:
99
TCVN 7358-5:2007 Cht lng t. Ly mu - Phn 5: Hng dn thc hin nh gi cc khu

t th v cng nghip lin quan n nhim t
TCVN 7370-2:2007 Cht lng t. Phng php ha tan xc nh hm lng tng s cc

nguyn t. - Phn 2: Phng php ha tan bng kim nng chy
Bo co TM nn c thc hin t giai on lp bo co nghin cu kh thi cho d n trnh

nhng nh hng tiu cc ln h sinh thi ca khu t. Cu trc v ni dung ca bo co TM cn
tun th theo quy nh ca cc cp c thm quyn, Ngh nh 175-CP, Ngh nh N-80 v Lut
bo v ti nguyn mi trng v phi bao gm, t nht l cc mc sau:
M u
-
Mc ch bao cao
Tnh hnh ti liu, s liu cn c ca bo co
Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM
Nu tm tt v c quan thc hin TM v lp bo co TM, danh sch nhng ngi trc

tip tham gia lp TM, lit k y cc phng php s dng v cc bc trong qua
trinh thc hin TM v lp bo co TM
M ta tm tt d n
-
Tn d an
Ch d n v c quan thc hin TM
Vai tr v kinh t xa hi cng nh chinh tri cua d an
Ni dung ch yu cua d an va cac li ich kinh t xa hi ma d an co th mang li
M t chi tit v tin , k hoach thc hin d an
Tng mc u t v ngun vn ca d n
iu kin t nhin v mi trng ti v tr a l ca d an

-
iu kin v a l, a cht (cht lng t, khng khi, nc...) bao gm :

-
Bo co nh gi a dang sinh hoc
Bo co nh gi thc vt
Bo co nh gi mc nhim
iu kin kinh t xa hi
-
Bo co thng k di san
D oan iu kin trong trng hp khng trin khai d n
100
nh gi tac ng cua d n n mi trng va tai nguyn thin nhin
nh gi tac ng cua d an phi c c th ha n tng i tng b tc ng. Mi tc

ng u phi c nh gi mt cch c th, chi tit v mc , v quy m khng gian
v thi gian (nh gi mt cch nh tnh, nh lng, chi tit v c th cho d n ,
khng nh gi mt cch chung chung) v so snh, i chiu vi trng hp khng trin
khai d an.
Tac ng n mi trng vt ly: cht lng nc va khng khi
Tac ng n cac tai nguyn sinh vt va h sinh thai
Tac ng n tai nguyn thin nhin va mi trng, bao gm ngun nc, vn ti, nng
nghip, ti tiu, nng lng, thm d v nghin cu, cng nghip, cng nghip nho,
chm soc sc khoe va giai tri, cac mc ch s dung t khac.
Tac ng n cht lng sng cua ngi ia phng

-
iu kin kinh t xa hi
iu kin vn ha
Tinh thm my
anh gia chung v mi trng trong trng hp d an c thc hin. Phn tich tng hp v
hng pht trin ca mi trng cho tng phng n thc hin d n. Nhng tn hi i vi
ti nguyn thin nhin v mi trng do mi trng hp gy nn. Cc bin php khc phc
nh hng.
-
Vt liu u vo
Cht thi t sn xut
Sn phm
Tc ng c tin liu cho cc qu trnh trn
Bin php gim thiu c tc dng hn ch tc ng tiu cc n mi trng ca d n.

Nu r k thut, cng ngh v h thng qun l khc phc nh hng tiu cc n mi
trng ca d n.
nh gi chung v bo co gm vic xem xt li mc tin cy ca bo co TM
Gi bin php thay th khi trin khai d n

-
Gi phng n trin khai d n thay th trn kha cnh mi trng
Gi phng n bo v mi trng trong trng hp phng n trin khai thay th c

cng nhn
101

Mi Trng (Khon Sinh Thi 1)
Mt K hoch Xy dng cn c lp v phi th hin c nhng n lc trong vic gim thiu
cc tc ng tiu cc ca qu trnh xy dng ln h sinh thi ca khu t. Vic nh gi mi
trng trong khu t phi c thc hin sau khi cng trnh c xy dng hoc ci to nh
gi mc hiu qu ca cc k hoch . Cc phng n sau nn c xem xt:
Cc n lc phc hi h sinh thi ca khu t sau khi xy dng
Cc hot ng cn tun theo mt tin trnh c lp sn hng dn v ngn nga cc hot

ng c th nh hng tiu cc n h sinh thi trong khu cng trng trong qu trnh xy
dng
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Cung cp cc h s d liu sau:
Danh mc kim tra gi tr sinh thi ca khu t (c in y )
Chng nhn quyn s dng t

- HOC-
Lch s pht trin khu t c xc nhn ca chnh quyn a phng

Np bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM). Bo co TM cng cn phi cung cp cc
thng tin sau, lin quan n cc khon c ghi ch:
Bo co nh gi a dang sinh hoc (Khon Sinh Thi 3)
Bo co nh gi mc nhim (Khon Sinh Thi 4)
Bo co nh gi thc vt (Khon Sinh Thi 4)
Thng k di san (KTQ Cng ng 2)
Mi Trng (Khon Sinh Thi 1):

Np bn K hoch Xy dng trong th hin cc phng php s c thc hin lm gim
cc tc ng n khu t trong sut qu trnh xy dng.
102
Eco-2 Bo V Lp t Mu
Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khich cac phng thc xy dng gip bo v lp t mt, v mt phn ca h sinh
thi
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Bo v 20% lp t mu/t mt hin hu trong phm vi cng trnh
1 im khi c thm 20% lp t mu/t mt hin hu trong phm vi cng trnh c

bo v (ti a 60%)
Tng Quan
Bo V Lp t Mu (Khon Sinh Thi 2):
Lp t mu cha cc cht hu c, cht dinh dng cho cy v hot ng sinh hc. Mt lp t

mu ny ng ngha vi vic mt i cht dinh dng cung cp cho cy, mt i lp t gip ngn
cn dng chy ca nc, v gim s a dng sinh hc ca cc sinh vt sng trong t. Do vy, bo
tn lp t ny ng vai tr thit yu trong vic ngn chn tc ng tiu cc n cc h sinh thi.
Nu lp t mu b o b hay b tn hi ti mc khng th khi phc trc khi c la

chn lm khu t xy dng, th Khon ny khng c xem xt. Vic phc hi bng cch mt
lp t mt ly t ni khc cng khng c tnh im trong khon ny, nhng vic bo tn bng
cch ti to li lp t mu (live top-soiling) th c tnh im.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Nu iu kin cho php th t nht phi phc hi li c 10 cm lp t mu c cha nhiu cht

hu c v trng thi ban u. Vic ny s ci thin qu trnh thm thu ca nc ma v s pht
trin ca cy ci. Cc la chn nn c xem xt khi bo tn lp t mu bao gm:
D tr v ti s dng lp t mu c cht lng tt

103
Ph rm ln b mt din tch cnh quan sau khi trng trt gi m, chng xi mn v c di
Bo v lp t mu mi c to li khi b xi mn v b nn li
Ngn chn lng nc chy trn t ng ph hay cc dc nghing vo khu vc t ang ci

to
Ph u mt lp phn chung ln trn mt t chng xi mn trong qu trnh xy dng,

ri ch cn ph li lp phn chung khi lm cnh quan
Mt khi mt t c ti to, khng cho xe c gii vo khu vc ngn chn t b nn

li
Ri vn trn ng hoc li i t u d n phn ranh gii cho ng xe chy v ngn

nga xi mn.
Nu c th, s dng cc phng tin c bnh xch hn ch nn t
Khi cc bin php x l nhim l cn thit, cn hn ch s dng cc cht ha hc nhm gim

lng nhim t chnh cc cht ha hc sau giai on x l, ng thi cho php t t
phc hi mt cch t nhin v nhanh nht.
Cn ln k hoch cc gii php k thut nhm m bo vic bo v lp t mt trong qu

trnh di, v d: s dng cc kt cu ro chn nhm ngn chn s si mn ca lp t mt
trong giai on ma ln, nh vy vic thay th t mt trong khu t bng t mt t ni khc
trong giai on vn hnh s l khng cn thit.
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton c tnh da trn din tch. Phn trm ca din tch t mt bo tn c th c tnh
ton theo phng php sau:
Xc nh din tch t mt hin hu trong khu t d n
Xc nh din tch t mt bo tn c
Th hin lng t bo tn c bng cng thc sau :

tmtbotn %
Ap
Din tch t mt bo tn [m2]
Ats
Tng din tch t mt trong khu t [m2]
100%
104
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Cung cp cc d liu sau. Cc thng tin th hin phi c dn chng t bo co TM (tham kho
iu kin tin quyt Sinh thi 2):
Mt bng khu t th hin cc din tch cn lp t mt hin hu v cc khu vc t mt s

c bo tn
Bo co th hin cc phng php c ng dng bo tn lp t mt
Cc tnh ton th hin vic tun th theo cc yu cu ca khon sinh thi
105
Eco-3 a Dng Sinh Hc

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khich cac phng thc bo v s a dng sinh hc ca khu t
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Cho thy mt mc ci thin a dng sinh hc c th r rang v cc gii php duy
tr bn vng cho s a dng trong phm vi cng trng
im
2
Tng Quan
a Dng Sinh Hc (Khon Sinh Thi 3):
a dng sinh hc l s a dng cc loi sinh vt, trn nhiu phng din, ca mt h sinh thi
nht nh. Mt khi nim rng nh a dng sinh hc thng c o lng bng nhiu phng
php tp trung ch yu vo hai thng s l s lng loi trong qun x (Species richness) v a
dng v loi trong qun x (Species evenness).
Hot ng lm gia tng s a dng sinh hc c th c nhng ri ro nht nh, trong c vic lm
xo trn cc h sinh thi hin hu. V vy nghin cu cn phi c tin hnh mt cch nghim
tc trc khi p dng bt k bin php no.
im quan trng trong vic tng cng a dng sinh hc l cn ch trng n cht lng cc loi
v s ph hp ca cc loi c chn i vi mi trng v qun th loi hin hu, trnh vic ch
ch tng s lng cc loi trong khu t.
Mt khi thnh cng trong vic tng a dng sinh hc, cn c cc n lc gip duy tr lng a
dng sinh hc t c. Mt h sinh thi bn vng l nn mng quan trng trong vic pht
trin cc qun x ln trong tng lai, ng thi gim nhng tc ng ca ln sng th ha
trong tng lai xa hn.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

106

Vic nh lng v nh cht mc a dng sinh hc phi c ghi ch trong bo co nh gi
a dng sinh hc. Bng thng k a dng sinh hc phi c thc hin nh mt phn ca bo co
TM giai on nghin cu tnh kh thi ca d n (tham kho iu kin tin quyt Sinh Thi 2)
S a dng sinh hc c th c ci thin bng cch:
S phc hi/ci thin mi trng vt l ca khu t (tc cc yu t v tnh ca mi trng )
S phc hi/ci thin cc c th loi c th ca a phng (tc qun x )
a trc tip cc c th mi vo khu t cng trnh, nhng nu c th ch nn a cc loi bn

a ca Vit Nam hoc ca vng ng Dng vo.
a cc cu trc v loi c kh nng cng c s pht trin ca cc qun x bn a (v d: cc

hp thc n cho chim, cy/bi cy c tc dng cung cp thc n hay ni c ng cho cc loi
chim bn a hoc cc loi khng xng sng.
Cn c bng chng chng minh rng vai tr v v tr ca cc loi trong mt h sinh thi a
phng c tm hiu k cng. Cho mi loi thc vt, cn cung cp cc danh sch lit k cc
loi ph thuc vo loi thc vt ny v ngun thc n cng nh danh sch cc loi ph thuc v
ni c ng. Trong cc danh sch ny, cn ch r li ch c th m loi thc vt em li cho mi
loi khc. Vic lm ny l rt cn thit nhm xc nh kh nng sinh tn cng nh li ch ca cc
loi trong mt h sinh thi. Trong mi trng hp, cn chng minh r rng loi c a vo khu
t phi mang li li ch cho h sinh thi trong sut vng i ca cng trnh.
Trong trng hp mt khu t c gi tr sinh thi thp (nh c xc nh nh Danh mc trong
Bng Eco.1 hay trong Bo co nh gi a dng sinh hc Bo co TM) nh cc khu t b
nhim qua x l hoc cc khu t khng c thm thc vt hay t hoang ch c c di mc (v
d: cc loi c mc di thng thng hoc cc loi thc vt thn mng nc mc di), mt din
tch nht nh phi c phc hi, ng thi cc yu cu nh ch thch phn trc s phi c
p dng cho din tch t c phc hi. Nh vy, cn phi u tin phc hi cc loi bn a, vn
thch nghi vi iu kin a phng.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Np cc ti liu sau. Cc thng tin th hin phi c dn chng t Bo co nh gi a Dng
Sinh Hc, mt phn ni dung ca bo co TM (tham kho iu kin tin quyt Sinh thi 2). Bo
107

co nh gi a Dng Sinh Hc l mt ti liu quan trng v phi c thc hin bi mt chuyn
gia:
Mt bn bo co lit k tt c cc sinh vt sng trong h sinh thi khu t, th hin:

-
Tn loi
Xut x (vng min)
Cc loi c lin quan ti loi (V d: cc loi sng trn/cng sinh vi loi )
S lng loi v a dng ca loi (Species richness and evenness)
Cc tc ng ln cc sinh vt hin hu do qu trnh xy dng gy ra
Cc nh hng d tnh i vi qun x
i vi cc sinh vt sng c gii thiu vo khu t trong qu trnh xy dng: Gii thch
ti sao loi li c chn gii thiu vo khu t
Mt bn bo co th hin:
-
Cc phng thc c tin hnh hn ch cc tc ng tiu cc trong sut qu trnh xy

dng
Cc phng thc c s dng lm gia tng a dng sinh hc
Cc mt bng khu t (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin thit k cnh quan
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin vic la
chn cc loi cho khu t
108
Eco-4 Chn V Tr Xy Dng

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic xy dng trn cc khu t tng s dng/ nhim vn gim thiu vic
ph hy cc khu t t nhin cha b khai thc.
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Chn v tr/khu t tng c s dng cho xy dng
Chn v tr/khu t b nhim v x l nhim
Tng Quan
Chn V Tr Xy Dng (Khon Sinh Thi 4):
Cc khu t tng c s dng l nhng khu t tng c cc cng trnh c xy dng trn n
(cng trnh ta nh, ng, khu trng gi xe) hoc b khai thc, thay i bi cc hot ng ca
con ngi. Nhng khu t ny thng khng c gi tr sinh thi ng k v ch yu c s dng
cho xy dng nhm hn ch m rng din tch xy dng v bo v din tch t t nhin. Nhng
khu t tng c s dng thng khng b nhim qu nng n. Bi vy, mt gii php x l
nhim l khng cn thit trc khi xy dng.
Bn cnh , mt khu t b nhim l khu t qua xy dng v b nhim nghim trng.

V vy, nhng gii php nhm khc phc, x l trit cc cht nhim l bt buc trc khi tin
hnh xy dng. Thm vo , cn xut mt k hoch kh thi, trong lit k cc gii php khc
phc v trang thit b cn cho vic x l nhim trong Bo co nh gi mc nhim.
Bt k k hoch x l no cng cn tun th cc quy nh v mi trng ca Vit Nam c ghi r

trong Quyt nh 2920-Q-MTg (21/12/2006) Quyt nh v vic p dng cc tiu chun Vit
Nam v mi trng B Khoa Hc, Cng Ngh v Mi Trng.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

109
Cc s liu th hin mc nhim ca khu t s c nu trong Bo co nh gi mc

Nhim. Bo co ny s c thc hin nh mt phn ca nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM)
trong giai on nghin cu kh thi ca d n (tham kho iu kin tin quyt Sinh Thi 2).
Cc phng php khc phc cho cc khu t b nhim s ph thuc vo mc nhim hin
hu, nhng c th bao gm cc gii php sau:
o v b t l phng php phn tch v chuyn ch t nhim n khu chn lp

c quy nh
Gim php (SEAR) a cc cht c hot tnh b mt vo lp t ngay di lp t b mt

nhm lm cc cht nhim dng lng lin kt vi cc cht ny. T d dng a cc cht
nhim dng lng ra khi t.
Cng ngh oxy ha ti ch trong x l nhim trn din rng cho t v nc ngm. Vic
bm cc cht c tnh oxy ha mnh nh oxy gi, kh ozon, thuc tm hay persulfate c th loi
b cc cht nhim nh phn ng oxy ha.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Np cc ti liusau cho khu t tng xy dng trc y:
Bo co nh gi Mc nhim l mt phn ca Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng

(tham kho iu kin tin quyt Sinh thi 2)
Bo co miu t qu trnh xy dng trc y trn khu t v c thc hin theo cc quy
nh ca TCVN 7358-5:2007 Cht lng t. Ly mu, TCVN 7629:2007 Ngng cht th
nguy hi, TCVN 6647:2007 Cht lng t. X l s b mu phn tch l-ha, TCVN 73702:2007 Cht lng t. Phng php ha tan xc nh hm lng tng s cc nguyn t.
Cc bng chng chng minh cc xy dng trc y trn khu t c th l cc ti liu sau:
-
Cc hnh nh m t hin trng xy dng trn khu t
Mt bng khu t ch ra cc xy dng trc y
Cc ti liu b sung c VGBC chp nhn
-HOC-
110
Np cc h s d liu sau cho khu t b nhim trc y:
Bo co nh gi mc nhim ca khu t l mt phn ca nh gi tc ng mi trng

(tham kho iu kin tin quyt Sinh thi 2)
Mt bng khu t ch ra cc khu vc nhim
Mt bo co lit k cc thng tin sau:

-
Cc cht nhim hin hu
Cc phng php khc phc s c p dng nhm x l cc nhim trong khu t v

nguy c c hi i vi ngi s dng cng trnh t cc cht nhim cn st li
Danh sch cc cht ha hc v trang thit b c s dng thc hin vic khc phc
nhim
111
Eco-5 Thm Thc Vt

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic trng mi cng nh bo v h thc vt trn khu t
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Khi phc thm thc vt trn 15% din tch ca mt khu t (bao gm din tch mi)
b khai thc hoc h hi
-HOCBo tn din tch thm thc vt tng ng vi 15% din tch khu t (bao gm
din tch mi)
Khi phc thm thc vt trn 30% din tch ca mt khu t (bao gm din tch mi)
b khai thc hoc h hi
-HOCBo tn din tch thm thc vt tng ng vi 30% din tch khu t (bao gm
din tch mi)
im
Tng Quan
Thm Thc Vt (Khon Sinh Thi 5):
Thm thc vt trn khu t c ng gp ln trong vic ci thin iu kin vi kh hu, thng gi v
cnh quan ca cng trnh. Hn th na, thm thc vt c kh nng gip phc hi lp t mt v
chng xi mn. Bo v thm thc vt trong khu t c xem nh l bo tn ti nguyn thin
nhin. Mc ch l nhm ci thin cc qun th loi thc vt bn a cng nh mi trng sng t
nhin trn khu t, ng thi hn ch nh hng tiu cc n cc h sinh thi.
Cc hot ng bo v phi c thc hin xuyn sut t qu trnh xy dng cho n qu trnh vn
hnh cng trnh. Vic phc hi mt thm thc vt trn khu t cng cn c lp k hoch v
qun l cn thn. Qu trnh phc hi nn cn nhc vic trng li v hnh thnh li thm thc vt.
Tng din tch thm thc vt khng ch ci thin a dng sinh hc (Khon Sinh thi 3) m cn lm
tng kh nng hp th kh CO2 cng nh cc kh nh knh khc ca khu t. Mi thc vt u c
kh nng gim x thi kh nh knh trong qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh cng trnh. Chnh v th,
ti a ha din tch thm thc vt l vic lm cn thit.
112
Tip Cn v Thc Hnh

Cht lng v s lng ca mc thm thc vt khu t s c miu t trong bo co nh gi

thm thc vt. Bo co ny l mt phn trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) trong
giai on kho st nghin cu d n (tham kho iu kin tin quyt Sinh thi 2).
C th cn nhc cc phng n sau:
Cn la chn cc ging thc vt bn a khi thc hin vic phc hi thm thc vt trn khu t
v chng d dng thch ng vi kh hu a phng
Lp t hng ro tm quanh khu vc trng cy trn khu t bo v chng khi nhng tc

ng ca hot ng xy dng. Hng ro nn lm bng cc ct kim loi vi chiu cao ti thiu
1,2 m
Lit k v c k hoch trnh nh hng cho cc gc cy c bn knh 8 cm hoc hn
Cc cy trng trong phm vi 1,8 m tnh t mng cng trnh nn c dch chuyn v chng c
th nh hng n cng trnh cng nh cc cy trng khc v t
Trng cy li trn cc khu vc b tn thng
Cn c cc ba-ri-e chc nng trong khi xy dng
Tnh Ton
Phn trm thc vt c bo tn/phc hi c th c tnh ton bng phng php sau:
Xc nh din tch thm thc vt c bo tn/phc hi/ci thin

Khi xc nh din tch thm thc vt cn lu cc loi sau (s dng cch phn loi thc vt
nh quy nh cho vic nh gi tc ng mi trng):
-
C v cc thc vt c mch nh mc di trn khu t thng c gi tr sinh hc thp nn

khng c tnh vo thm thc vt.
Cc thc vt tng thp v cy bi: din tch thc vt c tnh bng din tch che ph
(nhn t trn xung) ca cc thc vt ny.
113
Cy: din tch che ph c tnh bng 1m2, p dng cho mi loi bt k hnh dng v kch
thc.
Nu c mi xanh th din tch mi c th c tnh vo din tch thm thc vt, bt k trn
trng loi thc vt g
Ch ra phn trm din tch thc vt c bo tn/phc hi/ci thin bng cng thc sau:
Thcvtcbotn/phchi/cithin %
Ap/r/i
Din tch thc vt c bo tn/phc hi/ci thin [m2]
AS
Din tch khu t [m2]
/ /
/
100%
Np H S
Giai on thit k:

Np cc h s d liu sau. Thng tin th hin phi c dn chng bng bo co nh gi thc
vt, mt phn trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng - TM (tham kho iu kin tin
quyt Sinh thi 2):
Bng Kho st Thc vt, mt phn ca bo co TM bao gm (tham kho iu kin tin quyt
Sinh thi 2):
-
Danh sch lit k tn cc loi thc vt v s lng c th ca tng loi
Mt bng thit k cnh quan (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin v tr ca
tng c th thc vt (khng bao gm c v cc thc vt c mch nh) (cho cc khu t c
din tch nh hn hoc bng 2 ha), hoc tng nhm c th cng loi (cc khu t ln hn
2 ha), trn khu t
Danh sch cc c th cy hn 50 tui
Danh sch cc c th cy c gi tr sinh thi v/hoc tm linh c bit
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut lin quan ti thit k cnh quan (phc v cho qu trnh la
chn nh thu) th hin cc loi thc vt s c trng trong khu t
Mt bn bo co ch ra cc bin php bo v thm thc vt s c thc hin trn khu t HOC- mt bn bo co ch ra cc bin php khi phc thm thc vt s c thc hin trn
khu t
Cc tnh ton th hin vic tun th cc yu cu ca khon sinh thi

114
Eco-6 Mi Xanh
Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic s dng mi xanh, mt gii php gip thc y s pht trin ca cc h
thng sinh thi trn khu t
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
t nht 30% din tch mi phi l mi xanh
t nht 50% din tch mi phi l mi xanh
Tng Quan
Mi Xanh (Khon Sinh Thi 6):
Khi nim Mi xanh l mt loi mi cng trnh c che ph mt phn hoc hon ton bi thm
thc vt v t hoc mt loi mi dng cht khc. Di lp t hoc mi dng cht l mt lp
mng chng thm cng vi nhiu cc lp chc nng khc nh cc h thng cn r cy v h
thng thot nc v ti tiu. Khi nim ny khng bao gm cc mi m ch n thun c mu
xanh, hoc c sn xanh, (nh cc mi c tm lp mu xanh), hoc c trang tr bng cc chu
cy cnh.
Tip Cn v Thc Hnh

C th s dng cc loi mi xanh sau cho cng trnh:
Mi xanh loi nh (extensive green roof): c trng lng nh, ch ph hp cho mt s loi cy
trng hn ch v yu cu bo dng thp
Mi xanh loi nng (intensive green roof): cho php lp t ph su, khng hn ch la chn
cy trng v phc v mc ch th gin ca ngi s dng.
Mi xanh loi va: loi mi ny c c im ca c hai loi nu trn. Loi mi xanh ny c

thit k nh loi mi nh v do d bo dng, tuy nhin n li cho php ngi s dng
cng trnh hot ng trn .
115
Hnh Eco.1 Thit k chung ca mi xanh bao gm nhiu lp chc nng
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton c da trn din tch. Phn trm din tch mi xanh c th c tnh da trn phng
php sau:
Xc nh tng din tch mi
Xc nh din tch mi xanh
Xc nh t l mi xanh theo cng thc sau:
Mixanh %
100%
Rg = Din tch ca mi xanh [m2]

Rtng = Tng din tch mi [m2]
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
116

Trch cc thng s k thut ch ra loi mi xanh c s dng
Mt bng mi (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) miu t r din tch mi xanh v
phng php xy dng
Cc tnh ton th hin vic tun th theo cc yu cu ca khon
117
Cc cng trnh xy dng v ngi s dng chng khng

ngng thi ra cc cht thi v nhim. Trong bao gm
x thi, nhim nc, nhim nh sng, ph hy tng
ozon v cc kh nh knh.
Vn ny c bit quan trng vi Vit Nam khi m ch

lng x thi ca 3 thnh ph ln nht c nc ln
1.9 million m3/ngy v ch 10% lng rc thi c x
l. Tnh trng ny l do cc h thng x l rc thi trong
thnh ph u xung cp v trong tnh trng qu ti
khi dn s tng nhanh mi ngy. Chnh vic khng x l
c ht lng x thi dn ti vic tht thot cht thi
ra mi trng t nhin, gy nhim.
Do vic khi phc mi trng v nguyn trng sau khi
b nhim thng km hiu qu v t nn vic hn
ch x thi l c bit thit yu. Cc Khon trong Hng
mc Cht thi & nhim ca LOTUS khuyn khch cc gii
php v cng ngh gip gim thiu pht thi, t gim
nh nh hng xu t rc thi v nhiu ngun nhim.
Vi thit b v nhng hng dn ph hp cho cng trnh,
c bit l vi cng tc qun l tt xuyn sut qu trnh
s dng, vic gim thiu pht thi trn ton din tch xy
dng l hon ton c th. Ngoi vic gim thiu lng x
thi, nhng bin php ti s dng v ti ch cng c tc
ng tt trong vic gim tng lng rc thi ca cng
trnh xy dng.
Cht thi
v nhim
Theo s liu thng k, tng lng cht thi rn thi ra

mi nm t cc khu th ti Vit Nam ln ti trn 8 triu
tn, nhng ch 70% trong s c thu gom v x l.
iu ny ng ngha vi vic c khong 2.5 triu tn cht
thi rn c x thng ra mi trng t nhin m cha
qua x l mi nm. V vy vic gim thiu mc x thi s
gip gim tnh trng qu ti ca cc h thng h tng sn
c, t hn ch xy thm h tng cng nh gim lng
nng lng tiu th trong thu gom v x l rc thi.
Cht thi & nhim

Khon
Tiu Ch
Thit k tun theo QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v
nc thi sinh hot
WP-1 Gim x thi
WP-2 Cht lm
lnh trong iu
ha
WP-4 Khu tp kt
ph thi cho ti
ch
WP-5 Gim
nhim nh sng
im
KTQ CT&N 1
Gim 30% lng nc thi
Gim 40% lng nc thi
Tt c cc cht lm lnh c h s gy hiu ng nh knh trong vng 100 nm

(GWP100) 2000
-VTt c cht lm lnh c h s suy gim tng ozon (ODP) < 0.05
Ch s dng cc mi cht lnh HFC
WP-3 Ph liu xy
dng
10 im
Xy dng v p dng mt k hoch c th cho vic qun l cc cht/vt liu

thi ra trong qu trnh ph hy hoc xy mi
Ti s dng/ti ch 20% cc cht/vt liu thi ra trong qu trnh ph hy/xy
mi
1 im mi khi ti s dng/ti ch thm 10% cc cht/vt liu thi ra trong
qu trnh ph hy/xy mi (ti a 50%)
KTQ CT&N 2
2
KTQ CT&N 3
1
4
Xy dng khu tp kt ph thi cho ti ch m tt c ngi s dng cng trnh

u c th dng
Khng ngun chiu sng ngoi nh no khng b che ph
119
WP-1 Gim X Thi

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic gim pht sinh nc thi v hn ch x thi ra h thng cng rnh trong
khu vc
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Thit k tun theo QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi
sinh hot
im
KTQ CT&N 1
Gim 30% lng nc thi
Gim 40% lng nc thi
Tng Quan
Gim X Thi (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cht Thi V Nhim 1 v Khon 1):
Ngoi cch gim x thi qua vic tit kim nc, nc thi sau s dng cng c th c thu gi,
ti s dng v x l tr thnh ngun cung cp nc (khng phi nc sinh hot) thch hp cho
vic ti tiu sn vn, di bn v sinh, tip nc cho cc thp gii nhit v nhiu mc ch thch
hp khc.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Gim X Thi (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cht Thi V Nhim 1):
QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot (thay th TCVN
6772-2000)
Gim X Thi (Khon Cht Thi V Nhim 1):

C nhiu phng n gip gim tng lng x thi. Sau y l v d v nhng gii php v cng
ngh c th p dng:
Thit b c dng chy thp
120
Ti ch/ti s dng nc thi
Bn cu t hoi
Bn tiu kh
X l nc thi ti ch
Tnh Ton
Trnh by vic tun th cc quy nh trong QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v
nc thi sinh hot
Tnh ton c da trn vic so snh lng nc thi pht sinh trong m hnh thit k vi m hnh
c s, t xc nh lng x thi ct gim c. M hnh c s l cng trnh c thit k tng t
vi cng s lng ngi s dng nhng s dng cc thit b thng thng vi cc tc dng
chy c ch nh trong Bng W.1 ca hng mc Nc. Lng nc thi pht sinh phi c tnh
ton bng phng php sau:
Tnh tng lng tiu th nc sinh hot hng nm qua cc thit b s dng nc (W-1)
Tnh lng nc ti ch/ti s dng c tiu th (W-2)
Tnh lng nc ma thu c v c tiu th (W-3)
Xc nh lng nc thi pht sinh v lng nc thi gim c vi cng thc sau:
/
Tngtiuthnc sinhhothngnmquathitbsdngnc mhnhcs
Tngtiuthnc sinhhothngnmquathitbsdngnc mhnhthitk
Ln
gnc tich/tisdngthugomc hngnm
Ln
gnc mathuc hngnm
Lngxthictgimc %
100%
WD = Lng nc thi pht sinh hng nm (m hnh thit k) [L]

WB = Lng nc thi pht sinh hng nm (m hnh c s) [L]
121
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Mt bng b tr ng ng nc (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu), bao gm c h

thng thot nc thi
Bo co ch r h thng thot nc thi tun th cc yu cu ca QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - Quy

chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot

Np h s d liu sau:
Cc tnh ton chng minh vic cng trnh thit k c th gim lng x thi
Nu cng trnh khng np cc h s d liu theo yu cu ca Khon W-2 Ti ch/Ti s dng nc

hoc Khon W-3 Thu nc ma, th s phi b sung cc d liu sau cho Khon ny:
Cc mt bng b tr ng ng v mt bng khu t (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh

thu) ch ra tt c cc b mt thu nc ma cng vi din tch ca chng, ton b h thng
thu nc ma (bao gm c h thng thu gom, phn phi v lu tr) v ca ton b h thng
nc xm v nc en (bao gm c h thng thu gom, phn phi v lu tr )
D liu cng b t nh sn xut ch h s chy cho tt c vt liu b mt thu cho tt c cc
im thu
122
WP-2 Cht Lm Lnh Trong iu Ha

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic la chn v s dng cc cht lm lnh (mi cht lnh) khng lm gia tng
hiu ng nh knh cng nh ph hy tng ozon
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Tt c cc cht lm lnh c h s gy hiu ng nh knh trong vng 100 nm (GWP100)
2000
-VTt c cht lm lnh c h s suy gim tng ozon (ODP) < 0.05
Ch s dng cc mi cht lnh HFC
im
KTQ CT&N 2
Tng Quan
Cht Lm Lnh Trong iu Ha (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cht Thi V Nhim 2 v Khon 2):
Cc mi cht lm lnh thng c s dng trong cng trnh nh CFC v HCFC l cc cht c kh
nng ph hoi v lm suy gim tng ozon (ODS-Ozone depleting substances). Cc cht lm lnh
ny c h s suy gim tng ozon (ODP- Ozone deleting potential) v h s gy hiu ng nh knh
(GWP-Global warming potential) cao, v th chng gp phn lm suy yu tng ozon ng thi gy
ra hiu ng nng ln ton cu khi thot ra ngoi bu kh quyn.
HCFC hin c s dng nh mi cht thay th trong vic xa b cc mi cht CFC do chng c
h s ODP thp hn so vi CFC. Tuy nhin, vic s dng cc mi cht HCFC ch c xem nh mt
gii php tm thi, khng phi l cht thay th di hn. Theo iu Chnh Ngh nh th Motreal v
Sn xut v Tiu th HCFCs, Vit Nam (Mc 5 (cc nc ang pht trin) Cc bn lin quan) cam
kt xa b HCFCs (bao gm R-22) theo cc bc: gim 10% vo nm 2015, 35% vo nm 2020,
67,5% vo nm 2025, v 100% vo nm 2030. Ngoi ra, mc gim trung bnh hng nm 2,5% s
c p dng cho cc h thng lm lnh, iu ha cn c s dng tnh n ngy mng 1 thng
1 nm 2030 trong vng 10 nm (2030-2040).Mc gim ny s c xem xt li vo nm 2015.
123

Cc cht lm lnh khc nh HFC c mc ODP bng khng (v chng khng cha Clo), cho nn
chng ang l mi cht thay th c a chung hin nay. Tuy nhin, HFC c h s GWP rt cao
(ln n 12240).
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cht Lm Lnh Trong iu Ha (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cht Thi V Nhim 2):
Ch nh thit b c cc cht lm lnh vi cc c tnh sau:
GWP100 2000
ODP < 0,05
Cht Lm Lnh Trong iu Ha (Khon Cht Thi V Nhim 2):

Ch nh thit b c s dng mi cht lnh c lit k trong danh sch sau. Ch l cc cht lm
lnh khng c trong danh sch di y vn c th tha mn yu cu nu c VGBC chp thun:
Bng WP.1 Cc Mc Gii hn cho Cht Lm Lnh
Mi cht
lnh HFC
ODP
GWP
HFC-134a
1300
R407A
2000
R407C
1700
R410A
2000
R413A
1900
(Ngun: T chc Nhit lnh, iu ha v Si m c (AIRAH)
Hng dn la chn mi cht lnh 2003)
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Cht Lm Lnh Trong iu Ha (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cht Thi V Nhim 2):
124
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) lit k tt c cc

thit b s dng mi cht lnh
D liu cng b t nh sn xut, trong ch r h s GWP100 v ODP ca tt c mi cht lnh

c s dng trong cng trnh.
Cht Lm Lnh Trong iu Ha (Khon Cht Thi V Nhim 2):

thit b s dng mi cht lnh
S liu t nh sn xut ch r loi mi cht lnh c s dng trong tt c cc thit b trong

cng trnh. S liu phi ch ra h s GWP100 v ODP ca mi loi mi cht lnh c s dng.
125
WP-3 Ph Liu Xy Dng

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic ti s dng v ti ch cc ph liu xy dng v gim thiu lng rc
thi n cc khu chn lp
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Xy dng v p dng mt k hoch c th cho vic qun l cc cht/vt liu thi ra
trong qu trnh ph hy hoc xy mi
im
KTQ CT&N 3
Ti s dng/ti ch 20% cc cht/vt liu thi ra trong qu trnh ph hy/xy mi
1 im mi khi ti s dng/ti ch thm 10% cc cht/vt liu thi ra trong qu trnh

ph hy/xy mi (ti a 50%)
Tng Quan
Ph Liu Xy Dng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cht Thi V Nhim 3 v Khon 3):
Ph liu xy dng c th c coi l mt ngun nguyn liu gi tr cho vic ti s dng v ti ch.
Bng vic thay th nhu cu s dng vt liu mi, vic ti s dng v/hoc ti ch cht thi xy
dng c th gim ng k cc tc ng ln mi trng, kt qu t vic khai thc v sn xut cc
vt liu mi.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh:

Ph Liu Xy Dng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cht Thi V Nhim 3 v Khon 3):
Mt Chng Trnh Qun L Cht Thi (Waste Management Plan - WMP) phi c xy dng v p
dng. K hoch ny cn vch r:
Cc mc tiu trong qun l ph liu: phn trm ph liu xy dng dng ti s dng v/hoc
ti ch
Khi lng ph liu c c tnh cho tng loi
Cc bin php ti s dng/ti ch ca tng loi ph liu
126
Cc bn chu trch nhim thc hin cc ni dung ca K hoch: ngi chu trch nhim iu
phi cng vic ti ch, nh thu thc hin cng vic ti ch, cc n v chuyn ch v x l c
giy php hot ng
M t cc bin php loi b ph liu, qu trnh x l v gim st cc ph liu
Ph Liu Xy Dng (Khon Cht Thi V Nhim 3):

B tr khu vc kho cha ph liu cho ti ch ti cng trng, to iu kin thun li cho vic tp
kt v phn loi ph liu xy dng. Mt s loi ph liu xy dng thng c ti ch hoc ti s
dng:
Gch
B-tng
Kim loi
Nha
Knh
Vt liu mi
Cc-tng ln sng
Tng thch cao
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton c da trn th tch hoc khi lng. Cc n v o lng c chn phi c s
dng thng nht trong khon ny.
Lng ph liu c ti s dng/ti ch c th phi c tnh ton theo phng thc sau:
nh lng ton b ph liu xy dng sn sinh
Ch r lng ph liu v hnh thc x l i vi tng loi ph liu
Xc nh lng ph liu c ti s dng/ti ch bng cng thc sau v trnh by s liu tnh
c nh trong bng mu (v d):
127
Lngphliuctisdng/tich %
100%
WD = Lng ph liu c ti ch/ti s dng [tn hoc m3]

WG = Tng ph liu sn sinh t hot ng xy dng [tn hoc m3]
Bng WP.2 - V d Tnh ton lng ph liu xy dng c ti s dng/ti ch

Vt Liu
Nha ng t bi u
xe
Btng
Kim loi ph liu
Knh
Nha
Cc-tng
Thm, trn v gch lt

sn
Cc vt liu thi khc
Hnh Thc X L Ph
liu
a im/Cc n V
Vn Chuyn & Ti Ch
Rc Xy Dng
Phng Thc X L
S Lng (tn)
Ti s dng san lp
Ti cng trng
Trn khu t cng

trng
Ti nh my ti ch
Gi tch bit trong

Thng cha Btng
ti mt khu vc c
ch nh trn cng
trng
Ti nh my ti ch
Gi tch bit trong

Thng cha Kim loi
ti mt khu vc c
ch nh trn cng
trng
Ti nh my ti ch
Gi tch bit trong

Thng cha Knh ti
mt khu vc c ch
nh trn cng trng
Ti nh my ti ch
Gi tch bit
trongThng cha
Nha ti mt khu vc
c ch nh trn
cng trng
Ti ch
Ti nh my ti ch
Gi tch bit trong

Thng cha Cctng ti mt khu vc
c ch nh trn
cng trng
Ti ch hoc ti s
dng
Ti s dng hoc ti
ch vi nh sn xut
Gi tch bit ti mt
khu vc c ch nh
trn cng trng
Bi chn lp
Rc thi c ng
trong Thng cha rc
ti mt khu vc c
ch nh trn cng
trng
10
Ti ch
Ti ch
Ti ch
Ti ch
Thi ra bi chn lp
TNG Ph liu Xy Dng
22
Tng Ph liu c em i chn lp
10
Tng Ph liu c ti s dng/ti ch (khng b chn lp)
12
128

% Ph liu Xy dng ti s dng/ti ch (khng b chn lp)
55%
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Ph Liu Xy Dng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cht Thi V Nhim 3):
Np bn k hoch qun l pht thi xy dng (WMP).
Np cc tnh ton ch ra lng ph liu c ti s dng/ti ch ph hp vi cc gii php

ra trong bn K hoch Qun l Ph liu Xy dng.
129
WP-4 Khu Tp Kt Ph Thi Cho Ti Ch

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic ti ch ph thi pht sinh trong sut qu trnh s dng ca cng trnh
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Xy dng khu tp kt ph thi cho ti ch chuyn dng m tt c ngi s dng
trong cng trnh u c th tip cn
im
1
Tng Quan
Khu Tp Kt Ph Thi Cho Ti Ch (Khon Cht Thi V Nhim 4):
Cc cng trnh khi vn hnh s sn sinh mt lng ph thi ng k. Lng ph thi ny c th
c a i ti ch thay v b ra bi chn lp rc. Nu c p dng ng cch v phn loi rc
thi ti ngun, lng x ti trong qu trnh vn hnh cng trnh c th c ct gim ng k.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Khu Tp Kt Ph Thi Cho Ti Ch (Khon Cht Thi V Nhim 4):
a vo trong thit k mt khu ring bit chuyn tp kt ph thi vi cc thng ti ch tp
hp, phn loi v tch tr cc ph thi khng c hi nhm phc v cho vic ti ch. Khu tp kt
ph thi cho ti ch phi c cc din tch cha cho cc loi ph thi sau:
Giy
Giy bo
Nha
Kim loi
Knh
Mt s cc ph thi c th c ti ch khc nh:
Cc-tng
Ph thi hu c dng trong phn bn
Pin
130

Khu tp kt cho ti ch chuyn dng ny nn c b tr ti tng hm hoc tng trt nhm to
iu kin cho ngi s dng v xe chuyn tr ph thi n ni ti ch d dng tip cn. V tr khu
tp kt chuyn cho ti ch cng nh cc thng rc cho cc loi ph liu khc nhau cn c nh
du r rng.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Khu Tp Kt Ph Thi Cho Ti Ch (Khon Cht Thi & Nhim 4):
Cc mt bng thit k (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin a im v kch

thc cc khu tp kt ph thi cho ti ch, cng nh cc li ra vo khu tp kt cho ngi s
dng cng trnh v cho thu ti ch
Bo co nu r rng thit k khu tp kt p ng y cc nhu cu v din tch cha cho cc

loi vt liu c th c ti ch, gii php phn loi ph thi cho ti ch, ng thi lit k
nhng loi ph thi c a i ti ch
131
WP-5 Gim Nhim nh Sng

Mc ch
Nhm gim nh hng ca nhim nh sng ln bu tri m
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Khng ngun chiu sng ngoi nh no khng b che ph
Tng Quan
Gim Nhim nh Sng (Khon Cht Thi V Nhim 5):
nhim nh sng l vic lm dng nh sng nhn to qu mc hoc gy kh chu, gy ra cc tc
ng bt li nh lm sng bu tri, chi, xm hi nh sng, ln xn nh sng, gim th gic ban
m v lng ph nng lng. Ging nh bt k hnh thc nhim no khc (nh nhim nc,
khng kh, v ting n), nhim nh sng cng nh hng xu n mi trng. N gy hi n
sc khe v tm l con ngi, ph v cc h thng sinh thi v nh hng n thin vn hc.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cc yu cu ca khon ny cng p dng cho chiu sng ni tht xuyn ra ngoi cng trnh. Cc
yu cu khng p dng cho nh sng thot him v nh sng sn bay trc thng. Cc cng trnh
c bin hiu qung co s dng chiu sng nhn to s khng c tnh im trong khon ny.
Ch nh tt c nh sng ngoi tht phi c che ph nh hnh v di y (Hnh WP.1).
132

Hnh WP.1 - Phn loi thit b n che ph (Cutoff)
Np H S
Giai on thit k:

trang thit b n ngoi tht
Cc d liu t nh sn xut cho tt c cc trang thit b chiu sng trong ni r phn loi
che ph (cutoff classification) ca mi loi
133
Cch lm hu hiu nht m bo nng sut lao ng

l ci thin cht lng mi trng sng trong nh. Vic
lm ny s gim s ngy ngh m lin quan n cc bnh
ng h hp ca nhn vin v tng hiu sut cng vic
cng nh li nhun cho ngi s dng lao ng. Hn
na mt mi trng trong nh cht lng s tng gi tr
chuyn nhng hay mua bn li ca bt k ta nh no.
Tt c cc khon trong Hng mc Sc khe & Tin nghi
ca LOTUS Phi nh u ch tm ti vic ci thin mi
trng trong nh cho cc cng trnh xy dng. C th,
nhng bin php ci thin nhm vo bn kha cnh khc
nhau ca mi trng trong nh. Quan trng nht l cht
lng khng kh trong nh. Cng trnh phi m bo
khng kh trong nh phi trong lnh v khng c cc
cht c hi cng nh bi bn ln vo. Ngoi ra, mt mi
trng trong nh lnh mnh phi m bo tin nghi cho
ngi s dng trn cc kha cnh nh ting n, nh sng
v nhit
Sc khe
& Tin nghi
T chc WHO khng nh trong Hng dn Cht lng

Khng kh rng ngun nhim khng kh chnh m mt
ngi phi i mt l nhim khng kh trong nh. Bn
cnh vn cht lng khng kh, nhim ting n v
nh sng cng c th nh hng n ngi s dng
cng trnh v cng ng. Trong bi cnh dn s Vit Nam
ang tng mnh song song vi tc th ha, B Xy
Dng d bo rng dn s th s tng ln 45% trong
20 nm ti. Vi dn s th tng, ngy cng nhiu ngi
sng hu ht thi gian trong cc mi trng nhn to ca
cc cng trnh xy dng. V vy cht lng cuc sng ca
nhng ngi ny ph thuc vo cht lng mi trng
trong nh.
Sc khe & Tin nghi

Khon
Tiu Ch
13 im
im
H-PR-1 Ht thuc l
trong nh
H-1 Cht lng khng

kh trong nh
Tc thng gi trong cng trnh phi p ng c yu cu ca tiu

chun quc gia hoc quc t
Bo co cht c hi
KTQ SK&TN 2
H-2 Cht c hi
H-3 Chiu sng t

nhin
H-4 Cch m
Nng VOC v Fomanhyt thp Chn mt trong s sau: 1) Ton b

cu kin sn 2) Ton b sn v cht liu ph ngoi 3) Ton b cht dnh,
chng thm 4) Ton b cc sn phm lm t g cng nghip
1 im mi khi chn thm mt h thng vi nng VOC v
Fomanhyt thp (ti a 4 h thng)
50% tng din tch s dng phi c chiu sng sng t nhin vi h
s chiu sng trung bnh trong khong 1,5% n 3,5%
1 im mi khi c thm 15% tng din tch s dng c chiu sng t
nhin vi h s chiu sng trung bnh trong khong 1,5% n 3,5% (ti
a 95%)
Thit k ton b tng v sn theo cc yu cu ca
TCXDVN 277:2002 v cch m cho cc kt cu phn cch bn trong nh
dn dng
Vt tiu chun ch s cch m quy nh trong TCXDVN 277:2002 cho
mi nhm cch m mt khong bng:
KTQ SK&TN 1
1
4
1
4
+2dB (CKtc) V 2dB (CVtc)

Vt tiu chun ch s cch m quy nh trong TCXDVN 277:2002 cho
mi nhm cch m mt khong bng:
135
H-PR-1 Ht Thuc L Trong Nh

Mc ch
Nhm hn ch cc tc hi ti sc khe ca vic ht thuc th ng bng vic cm ht thuc trong
cc khu vc s dng chung ca ta nh
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
KTQ SK&TN 1
Tng Quan
Ht Thuc L Trong Nh (iu Kin Tin Quyt Sc Khe v Tin Nghi 1):
Ht thuc th ng l hnh ng ht phi khi thuc khi ngi khc s dng cc sn phm thuc
l. Vic ny xy ra khi khi thuc lan ta trong bt k mi trng no lm cho nhng ngi trong
mi trng ht phi. Cc nghin cu khoa hc ch ra mt s nh hng ti sc khe con
ngi do thng xuyn ht phi khi thuc bao gm ung th phi, ung th xoang mi, nhim
trng ng h hp v bnh tim mch.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Ti liu Hng dn S dng Cng trnh phi bao gm cc thng tin lin quan n vic cm ht
thuc trong cc khu vc s dng chung ca ta nh
Gn bin CM HT THUC ( cc khu vc s dng chung)
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
136
Bng lit k k hiu (signage schedule) trong ch r v tr cc bin cm ht thuc
Mt l th cam kt t ch u t/ch s hu
137
H-1 Cht Lng Khng Kh Trong Nh

Mc ch
Nhm m bo cht lng khng kh trong nh trong sut giai on s dng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Tc thng gi trong cng trnh phi p ng c yu cu ca tiu chun quc
gia hoc quc t
im
2
Tng Quan
Cht Lng Khng Kh Trong Nh (Khon Sc Khe v Tin Nghi 1):
Thng gi l hot ng ly khng kh bn ngoi vo khu vc cn c thng kh ca khng gian
s dng. Khng kh c a vo lu thng phi khng b nhim. Tc thng gi c tng
mt cch hp l s gip gim t l mc cc bnh ng h hp cng nh s ngy ngh m lin
quan. Kt qu ca vic tng mc trao i khng kh trong phng l gim thiu cc nhn t gy hi
chng SBS (Sick Building Syndrome) v nng cao hiu sut lao ng.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Khon ny ch dnh cho cc khng gian c thng gi ch ng/c hc. Thit k mt h thng
thng gi, iu ha (HVAC) v gin ng phn phi kh t hay vt qua cc yu cu ca mt trong
cc chun quc gia cng nh quc t sau:
Tiu chun Quc gia:

-
TCVN 5687 : 2010 Thng gi - iu ha, Tiu chun thit k
Tiu chun Quc t:

-
B tiu chun ASHRAE 62.1-2007
Tiu chun AS 1668.2
CIBSE Hng dn B Si, Thng gi, iu ha Khng kh v Lm lnh

138
Tnh Ton
p dng phng php tnh tc thng gi ca tiu chun c la chn cho tt c cc khng
gian c thng gi c hc trong cng trnh.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:

Np mt bo co ch r mi khng gian cng vi tc thng gi ca khng gian v chng
minh rng cc thng s a ra tha mn yu cu ca tiu chun quc gia v quc t c chn.
Mt bng thit k (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc l m cho php
ng m linh hot
Cc bn v mt bng ca h thng thng gi iu ha (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh

thu) th hin b tr thit b k thut
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut ca h thng thng gi iu ha (phc v cho qu trnh la

chn nh thu) ) th hin nhng thit b k thut s c s dng
Tnh ton chng minh thit k tha yu cu ca tiu chun quc gia v quc t c chn
139
H-2 Cht c Hi
Mc ch
Nhm hn ch cc nh hng xu n sc khe con ngi t cc cht c hi nh cc cht hu c
d bay hi (VOC) v fomanhyt trong vt liu xy dng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Bo co Cht c hi
Nng VOC v Fomanhyt thp Chn mt trong s sau: 1) Ton b cu kin sn
2) Ton b sn v cht liu ph ngoi 3) Ton b cht dnh, chng thm 4) Ton b
cc sn phm lm t g cng nghip
1 im mi khi chn thm mt h thng vi nng VOC v Fomanhyt thp (ti
a 4 h thng)
im
KTQ SK&TN 2
1
4
Tng Quan
Cht c Hi (iu Kin Tin Quyt Sc Khe v Tin Nghi 2):
Bo co Cht c hi phi ch ra tt c cc vt cht c hi, nh l cc cht a-mi-ng, ch, hay
PCBs, ang tn ti trn cng trng cng nh cc hp cht mi xut hin.
Cht c Hi (Khon Sc Khe v Tin Nghi 2):
Cc hp cht hu c d bay hi (VOCs) l cc cht hu c dng kh thot ra t cc cht rn hoc
lng nht nh. Cc hp cht hu c d bay hi hin din trong nhiu cht ha hc, bao gm mt
s cht c nh hng tiu cc n sc khe con ngi trong thi gian ngn hay lu di. Trong ,
nng ca nhiu cht VOCs trong cng trnh lun cao hn so vi bn ngoi (gp n khong 10
ln) v c th gy ra cc vn sc khe nghim trng i vi nhng ngi s dng cng trnh
thng xuyn. Cc cht VOCs c pht ra t nhiu sn phm nh: cc loi sn v sn mi, cc
cht ty sn, cc cht ty ra, cc vt liu xy dng v ni tht, cc thit b vn phng nh l
my photocopy v my in, cc cht ty xa v cc loi giy photocopy khng cha carbon, cc
cht liu dnh cho ha v m ngh bao gm keo dn v cht kt dnh, cc loi mc
khng phai, v cc hp cht ra phim.
140

Fomanhyt l mt cht ha hc quan trng c s dng rng ri trong ngnh cng nghip sn
xut vt liu xy dng v cc sn phm gia dng. V vy, n c th hin din vi nng ng k
bn trong cng trnh. Cc ngun fomanhyt trong phng gm c cc vt liu xy dng, cc loi
khi, cc sn phm gia dng, v vic s dng cc thit b t nhin liu m khoang t khng
c thng gi , nh l cc bp gas hoc cc l si t du. Cc ngun to ra fomanhyt
ng k nht phi k ti cc sn phm t g nn/p c c s dng cc cht kt dnh c cha
cht nha ure-fomanhyt (UF) hoc cht nha ph-nn fomanhyt (PF) trong sn xut. Cc sn
phm t g nn c dng trong nh bao gm: vn p (dng trong lt sn v ng k t, trong
ngnh g v ni tht ), cc tm g (dng trong cc bc tng trang tr, ng g v ni tht
), cc tm g MDF Medium Density Fiberboard (dng ng tm chn ngoi cho cc ngn ko,
cc k t v mt trn cc g). Cc tm MDF cha t l cht kt dnh trn g cao hn bt k loi
g p UF no v c xem l sn phm g p thi ra nhiu fomanhyt nht.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cht c Hi (iu Kin Tin Quyt Sc khe v Tin Nghi 2):
Bn bo co cc vt cht c hi phi bao gm cc Bn D Liu V An Ton Vt Liu (MSDS) cho

tt c cc hp cht hin hu v cc hp cht mi c s dng trong cng trnh, nu c.
Cht c Hi (Khon Sc khe v Tin Nghi 2):
S dng cc sn phm c nng VOC thp v/hoc cc sn phm c nng fomanhyt thp
c chng nhn bi cc t chc kim nh v chng nhn trong khu vc cng nh quc t (v d.
Nhn xanh Singapore, T chc Tiu chun Chu u, ISO). C th la chn cc sn phm trong
danh sch sau (khng gii hn):
Cu kin sn
Sn v cht liu ph ngoi
Cht kt dnh v chng thm
Cc sn phm g tng hp
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
141
Cht c Hi (iu Kin Tin Quyt Sc khe v Tin Nghi 2):

Np mt bn bo co cht c hi c:
Mt danh sch tt c cc vt liu v hp cht c hi hin hu cn st trong cng trnh

vt liu v hp cht c hi mi s c lp t hoc s dng trong cng trnh mi
Cc bn MSDS (t nh cung cp khi c th) i vi tt c cc vt liu v hp cht c

thng k
Cht c Hi (Khon Sc khe v Tin Nghi 3):
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin:

Gii hn nng VOC cho mi sn phm
Khng nh rng nh thu khng c php thay th bt k mt sn phm hoc loi
sn/keo no c lit k trong bng thng s k thut m khng c s ng tnh ca

ban thit k
Nhu cu thanh tra cc sn phm s dng khi hon thnh qu trnh xy dng nhm m
bo rng loi sn phm yu cu c s dng
142
H-3 Chiu Sng T Nhin

Mc ch
Nhm thc y chiu sng tit kim nng lng v ci thin tin nghi th gic cho ngi s dng.
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
50% tng din tch s dng phi c chiu sng sng t nhin vi h s chiu sng
trung bnh trong khong 1,5% n 3,5%
1 im mi khi c thm 15% tng din tch s dng c chiu sng t nhin vi h
s chiu sng trung bnh trong khong 1,5% n 3,5% (ti a 95%)
im
1
4
Tng Quan
Chiu Sng T Nhin (Khon Sc Khe v Tin Nghi 3):
Chiu sng t nhin lin quan n vic s dng nh sng t nhin, khc vi vic s dng nh sng
nhn to, trong mt khng gian s dng. iu ny tng s tin nghi cho ngi s dng cng trnh
ng thi gip tit kim nng lng yu cu trong chiu sng. Khi thit k dng nh sng t
nhin, ngi thit k phi cn i vi nhiu yu t, nh lng nhit hp th do bc x, chi,
cng nh sng, cht lng hin th v cc yu cu ca ngi s dng.
V tr lp t cc mng knh nn c cn nhc tn dng nh sng t nhin nhiu nht trong
khi hn ch nhit nng hp th. Vic s dng knh s lm gim kh nng cch nhit ca v cng
trnh v lm tng cc chi ph nng lng. Cc chi ph ny thng c b p khi hiu sut lao
ng v s thoi mi ca ngi s dng tng ln, vn thng th hin ti cc khu vc chiu sng
t nhin.
i vi cng trnh dn dng, vic tn dng chiu sng t nhin cho cc khng gian (bp, phng
khch, phng n v phng lm vic) li cng tr nn quan trng. H s chiu sng trung bnh cho
cc khng gian ti Vit Nam thng t 1.5% n 3.5%.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cc gii php thit k s dng nh sng t nhin bao gm:
143
Cc snh thng tng
B tr cc ca s
Cc ging tri ly sng
Cc tm ht sng bn trong nh
Thit k m cho cng trnh
Tnh Ton
Cc tnh ton ca khon ny c th c hon thnh nh s tr gip ca mt phn mm gi lp

nh sng t nhin hoc mt bng tnh ton.
Nu cc tnh ton h s chiu sng (Daylight Factor) c thc hin trn phn mm th phn mm
ny phi c s chp thun ca VGBC.
Nu cc tnh ton h s chiu sng c thc hin mt cch n gin trn bng tnh ton th phi
theo cc ch dn sau:
Vic xc nh h s chiu sng (DF) cn n nhiu thng tin nht nh v cng trnh v khng gian
xung quanh. H s chiu sng phi c tnh ton cho tt c cc khng gian s dng (cc khng
gian trong din tch s dng). n gin ha cc tnh ton, cc khng gian trong cng trnh c
cng hng, sp t v cch b tr ca knh c th c gp vo mt nhm nhng phi c l gii
ph hp.
H s chiu sng trung bnh ca mi khng gian s dng c tnh nh sau (BRE):
100
DF =
H s chiu sng trung bnh [%]
Ag
Din tch ca knh trong khng gian (tr bn l v mi din tch cn sng) [m2]
Gc bu tri c th nhn thy c t tm im ca ca s. Gc ny c xc nh

nh trong hnh di (Hnh H.1)
144
Hnh H.1 Gc bu tri c th nhn thy c t tm im ca ca s
H s bo tr [-]. H s ny tnh n lp bi bn bm trn b mt ngoi ca knh v v

tr ca cng trnh, tnh cht s dng ca phng v nghing ca knh (Bng H.1)
Bng H.1 H s bo tr
H s bo tr
Tnh cht s dng phng

nghing
V tr
Ngoi khu cng
nghip
Khu cng nghip

nhiu bi
Sch
Bn
Thng ng
0,9
0,8
Nghing
0,8
0,7
Nm ngang
0,7
0,6
Thng ng
0,8
0,7
Nghing
0,7
0,6
Nm ngang
0,6
0,5
(Ngun: Gii thiu v khoa hc kin trc. Steven V. Szokolay)
xuyn sng/H s truyn sng [-]. Cc gi tr trong bng H.2 c th c s dng

trong trng hp khng c s liu chnh xc t nh sn xut.
145

Bng H.2 xuyn sng
Loi knh
xuyn sng
Trong
0,90
M/Mu
0,68
Phn x
0,27
Trong
0,81
M/Mu
0,62
Phn x
0,10
Knh tn x thp c h s nhn

nhit bc x mt tri cao
0,75
Knh tn x thp c h s nhn

nhit bc x mt tri thp
0,64
Mt lp knh
Hai lp knh kp
(Ngun:Kt hp ca knh hiu qu http://www.efficientwindows.org/)
Atng = Tng din tch mt trong ca khng gian [m2]
= phn x trung bnh ca cc mt phng trong phng [-]. Bng H.3 lit k cc gi tr
cho trn, tng v sn.
Bng H.3 Cc gi tr phn x cho trn, tng v sn.
Mt phng trong phng
Cc gi tr phn x
Trn
0,7
Tng
0,5
Sn
0,2
(Ngun: CIBSE Hng dn nng lng hiu qu trong cng trnh)
Trong c hai cch tnh ton, cc cch di y nn c tun th:
Xc nh tt c din tch s dng c h s chiu sng trong khong t 1.5% n 3.5%
Tng hp cc din tch t yu cu v h s chiu sng v so snh vi tng din tch s dng
ca cng trnh theo cng thc sau:
Phntrmdintchtyucu %
AC
100%
= Din tch s dng t yu cu (din tch c h s chiu sng trong khong t 1.5% n
3.5%) [m2]
146

AO
= Tng din tch [m2]
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
i vi cc nh cao trn 3 tng, tng ta nh phi p ng cc yu cu trong Khon Sc Khe v

Tin Nghi 3.
i vi cc nh t 3 tng tr xung, tng nhm ta nh phi p ng cc yu cu trong Khon Sc
Khe v Tin Nghi 3. LOTUS cho php vic gp nhiu cn nh vo mt nhm nu chng c cc
c im chung sau:
C cng kch thc v thit k
c t cng hng v c cng che nng
Cc kt qu t phn mm gi lp hoc t bng tnh ton n gin
Mt bng cc tng (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc khu vc , cc khu
vc tha mn yu cu v chiu sng t nhin cng cc din tch knh v kch thc
Cc tnh ton th hin phn trm ca khu vc tha mn yu cu v chiu sng t nhin ca
khon
147
H-4 Cch m
Mc ch
Nhm m bo cch m tt cho khng gian trong cng trnh
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Thit k ton b tng v sn theo cc yu cu ca TCXDVN 277:2002 v cch m cho

cc kt cu phn cch bn trong nh dn dng
Vt tiu chun ch s cch m quy nh trong TCXDVN 277:2002 cho mi nhm cch
m mt khong bng:
Vt tiu chun ch s cch m quy nh trong TCXDVN 277:2002 cho mi nhm cch
m mt khong bng:
1
2
Tng Quan
Cch m (Khon Sc Khe v Tin Nghi 4):
Ting n c th c nh hng rt ln n sc khe v kh nng hot ng ca ngi s dng
cng trnh. TCXDVN 277-2002 v cch m cho cc kt cu phn cch bn trong nh dn dng a
ra mt lot cc yu cu ti thiu v cch m trong nh dn dng (xem Bng H.4). Ch s cch m
khng kh (CKtc) l mt i lng tng ng vi gim mc m lan truyn trong khng kh
(Rw) v CVtc tng ng vi gim mc m va chm (Ln,w). Tiu chun cn phn nhm cho cch
m tng v sn, ty vo loi phng m chng phn cch (xem Bng H.5).
Bng H.4 Yu cu ti thiu v cch m khng kh v cch m va chm ca cc kt cu ngn phn cch
Nhm
Cch m khng kh
Cch m va chm
Nhm I
CKtc 55
CVtc 58
Nhm II
CKtc 50
CVtc 62
Nhm III
CKtc 45
CVtc 66
(Ngun: TCXDVN 277-2002 - v cch m cho cc kt cu phn cch bn trong nh dn dng)
148

Bng H.5 Cch phn nhm trong cch m ca TCXDVN 277-2002.
Nhm
nh ngha
Kt cu c yu cu cch m cao:
Nhm I
Nhm II
Sn v tng gia cc phng ng hoc

phng lm vic k vi phng c thit
b gy n cao
Kt cu c yu cu cch m trung
bnh:
Sn v tng gia cc phng ng,
phng sinh hot chung gia cc cn
h;
Sn v tng gia cc phng ng,
phng sinh hot v bp, khi v sinh,
khu cu thang
Kt cu c yu cu cch m thp:
Nhm III
Tng gia cc phng trong cng cn

h
(Ngun: TCXDVN 277-2002 - v cch m cho cc kt cu phn cch bn trong nh dn dng)
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Tiu chun cng a ra mt s gii php c th p dng nhm gim ting ng trong v ngoi
cng trnh nh sau:
Sp xp cc khu vc cn yn lng xa cc khu vc c mc ng cao
S dng cc thit k m m thanh nh hnh lang, snh, ging tri, cc phng k thut, kho
gia cc khu vc cn cch m
Thit k trn m bo gia cc tng
S dng mnh che nhm cch m vi bn ngoi
Lu cc c im m hc khi la chn vt liu b mt
Trnh t cc ming thng gi gn ca s, ca ra vo hoc ng, qua m thanh c th b ht

tr li cng trnh
Bao bc hoc che chn cc ng hnh ch nht vi vt liu cch m v s dng hp tiu m
hoc khoang cha m nhm gim ting n trong ng.
Tnh Ton
149

Cc tnh ton tun th cc tiu chun:
ISO 717-1 m hc - nh gi cch m trong nh v cho cc kt cu ca nh. Phn 1: Cch m

khng kh
ISO 717-2 m hc - nh gi cch m trong nh v cho cc kt cu ca nh. Phn 2: Cch m

va chm
Np H S
Giai on thit k:

i vi cc nh cao trn 3 tng, tng ta nh phi p ng cc yu cu trong Khon Sc Khe v
Tin Nghi 4.
i vi cc nh t 3 tng tr xung, tng nhm ta nh phi p ng cc yu cu trong Khon Sc
Khe v Tin Nghi 4. LOTUS cho php vic gp nhiu cn nh vo mt nhm nu chng c cc
c im chung sau:
C cng kch thc, thit k v vt liu
Mt bng tit k (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin v tr thit b c nh, cc
gii php thit k v cng ngh s dng
Mt bng k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin v tr thit b bn trong
cng trnh
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) ch ra tt c cc

thit b trong v ngoi cng trnh, mc ting n v bin php x l
Mt bo co trnh by chi tit cc thng tin sau:

- S liu cng b bi nh sn xut ch r c im m hc ca vt liu v h thng s c s
dng
- M t cc ngun ting n lin quan
- Trnh by chi tit phn mm gi nh c s dng hoc tnh ton cng cc thng tin u
vo, kt qu u ra v gi thit
- M t cc gii php thit k gip t c cc yu cu ca Khon
150
Mc d cc nc pht trin l nhng nc pht thi

chnh, chim 80% lng pht thi kh nh knh ton cu,
cc nc ngho li l nhng nc phi gnh chu hu
qu chnh t BKH. Gn y Vit Nam c cnh bo
l mt trong nm nc chu nh hng nng n nht
t BKH v i ph vi BKH chnh ph a ra
cc hng dn xung cc b ngnh c th nhm gip
nh hng s chun b ca mi ngnh. Tuy nhin, cng
ngh xy dng ca Vit Nam nhn chung cn d b nh
hng ca cc hin tng thi tit bt thng nh l lt,
bo hay ng t. V vy, hin ang l thi im thch
hp cho cc cng trnh xy dng bt u a vo nhng
cng ngh tin tin gip cho cng trnh chng chi trc
nhng thm ha t nhin v ko di tui th cng trnh.
Tt c cc Khon trong Hng mc Thch ng & Gim nh
ca LOTUS u nhm ci thin sc chng chi ca cng
trnh trc thin tai v gim thiu pht thi kh nh knh.
Mt cng trnh xanh s phi sc bo v ngi s dng
trc mi thm ha t nhin c th xy ra nh l, lt li,
bo ng thi cng trnh cng c th gip gim nh
cc tc ng ca BKH bng vic gim din tch b-tng
ha, t gim nh hng ca hin tng o nhit
ti khu vc th. Cng trnh cng nn khuyn khch
vic gim thiu s dng nhin liu ha thch trong vn
chuyn qua li cng trnh.
Thch ng
& Gim nh
Bin i kh hu (BKH) c cng nhn rng ri l

mt trong nhng thch thc ln nht i vi nhn loi
trong th k ny. T cch mng cng nghip cho ti nay,
con ngi ph thuc ngy cng nhiu vo nhin liu ha
thch nh ngun nng lng chnh cho x hi loi ngi.
Hin ti, cc nh hng ca BKH th hin r qua s
tng vt v tn sut v cng ca cc thin tai nh lt
li, hn hn, bo, nc bin dng v nhiu hin tng
thi tit cc oan khc.
Thch ng & Gim nh

Khon
Tiu Ch
A-1 Phng
chng ngp lt
A-2 Lng nc
ma chy trn
A-3 Chng chu

thm ha t
nhin
A-4 Hiu ng
o nhit
A-5 Giao thng

cng cng
A-6 Vt liu a
phng
12 im
im
KTQ T&GN 1
Thit k cng trnh chng chu mc ngp lt cao nht hin thi
Thit k cng trnh chng chu mc ngp lt cao nht c d bo cho 50 nm

ti
t nht 30% din tch khu t c kh nng thm nc
p dng cc im sau vo thit k ca cng trnh:

a cc gii php chng chu thm ha t nhin vo kt cu khung ca cng
trnh
-HOCa cc gii php chng chu thm ha t nhin khc vo cng trnh
p dng cc im sau vo thit k ca cng trnh :
a cc gii php chng chu thm ha t nhin vo kt cu khung ca cng
trnh
-Va cc gii php chng chu thm ha t nhin khc vo cng trnh
30% tng din tch lp/lt v mi c tc dng hn ch hiu ng o nhit
Thng bo rng ri cc thng tin v phng tin giao thng cng cng sn c
ti ngi s dng cng trnh
Chn v tr cng trnh ti ni c kt ni vi h thng giao thng cng cng
20% tng s vt liu s dng c sn xut trong bn knh 500km t cng
trng
30% tng s vt liu s dng c sn xut trong bn knh 500km t cng
trng
KTQ T&GN 2
1
1
2
152
A-1 Phng Chng Ngp Lt

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch nhng thit k cng trnh c kh nng phng chng lt v thch ng vi bin
i kh hu
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
KTQ T&GN 1
Thit k cng trnh chng chu mc ngp lt cao nht hin thi
Thit k cng trnh chng chu mc ngp lt cao nht c d bo cho 50 nm ti
Tng Quan
Phng Chng Ngp Lt (iu Kin Tin Quyt Thch ng v Gim Nh 1 v Khon 1):
Ngp lt l mt trong nhng vn ln nht ti cc khu vc th bi chng gy ra h hi

nghim trng cho cng ng, cng trnh xy dng v c nn kinh t a phng. Cc nh khoa
hc d bo rng tn sut v cng ngp lt s ngy cng tng cao do cc tc ng ca bin
i kh hu. Thm vo , s pht trin nhanh chng v c kinh t ln tng trng dn s Vit
Nam gia tng thm p lc ln h thng c s h tng ang xung cp v b qu ti. Cc h
thng thot nc ti cc thnh ph c mt dn c cao thng b qu ti v cc h thng thot
nc t nhin ang dn bin mt trc s bnh trng nhanh chng ca dn s v th.
Mc d gi y khng phi tt c cc a phng trong nc n c sn bn ngp lt, d n v

tinh n nm 2014 s gip cung cp bn chi tit v ton din v cc hin tng thin nhin.
Cc ngun thng tin v l lt cng nh m c nghin cu v tr nn chnh xc hn.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Phng Chng Ngp Lt (iu Kin Tin Quyt Thch ng v Gim Nh 1):
Mt bo co mc ngp lt ti a phng cn c chun b v bao gm cc thng tin sau:
153
Cn cung cp bn lt ca a phng (nu c), trong ch r v tr ca khu t xy dng so

vi khu vc thng xy ra l lt
Mi d liu lin quan c cng b t cc trung tm kh tng thy vn a phng hay cc t

chc iu kin khc:
- Thng k v lng/tn sut v lch s ging thy
- Thng k lch s cc trn bo xy ra ti khu vc
- Thng k p thp nhit i v l lt
- Nhng tc ng c th d bo c ca bin i kh hu nh s gia tng tn sut cc
cn bo hay mc nc bin dng
Vic iu tra kho st tnh trng ngp lt ti a phng nn c thc hin qua vic thu thp
kinh nghim v cc kin ca cng ng cng nh chnh quyn a phng, i vi vn
ngp lt ti khu vc trong khong 15 nm tr li y. Da trn vic phn tch thng tin thu
thp c, ta c th d on c cc xu hng ngp lt trong tng lai. vic phn tch
c chnh xc, cc d liu sau phi c thu thp:
- Phn loi tnh cht l lt ti a phng
- Tn sut trung bnh v tn sut cao nht hng nm
- nh l hng nm
- Cng trung bnh v cng mnh nht/mc nc cao nht
- Thi gian nc rt t khi ngng ma
- Nhng hu qu do l lt gy ra
- Nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy lt
- Liu v tr ca khu t c nm trong khu vc ngp lt khng
Nhng h hi m l lt c th gy ra cho cng trnh
Xu hng ngp lt trong 50 nm ti v kch bn xu nht
Phng Chng Ngp Lt (Khon Thch ng v Gim Nh 1):

Di y l mt s gii php v d c th c s dng gia tng kh nng chng chu vi l lt
cho cng trnh:
Nng cc cng trnh ln trn mc ngp lt c d on bng k, ct chng hay cc bc

tng bao
Chng ngp cho cc tng thp ca cc cng trnh bng cch che chn khng cho nc xm
nhp
154
S dng cc bin php chng ngp t
B tr cc thit b c kh v in bn trong cc khu vc chng nc vo hoc tng cao hn

nh l cao nht trong cng trnh
S dng cc vt liu chng nc v d lau chi cho cc tng thp hn
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Phng Chng Ngp Lt (iu Kin Tin Quyt Thch ng v Gim Nh 1):
Cung cp mt bo co cnh bo nguy c ngp lt ti a phng ch ra:

- Bn ngp lt
- Cc d liu c cng b c lin quan
- Kho st tnh trng ngp lt ti a phng
- Kh nng gy h hi ca l lt ti cng trnh
- Xu hng ngp lt trong 50 nm ti v kch bn xu nht
Phng Chng Ngp Lt (Khon Thch ng v Gim Nh 1):

Cung cp cc ti liu sau:
Mt bng thit k (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc yu t chng ngp
lt trong cng trnh cng nh nhng gii php khc phc
155
A-2 Lng Nc Ma Chy Trn

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch cc thit k cng trnh cho php vic qun l nc ma ti khu t
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Tng Quan
Lng Nc Ma Chy Trn (Khon Thch ng v Gim Nh 2):
Lng nc ma chy trn l lng nc ging thy chy trn ra cc h thng cng thi hay sng
ngi. Nh vy, tt c lng nc ma chy trn b mt ra ngoi khun vin khu t d n u
c xem l cc lng nc ma chy trn.
Vic ngn nc ma chy trn ra khi khu t l nhm gim thiu kh nng gy ngp lt cho c
khu vc. iu ny cng tr nn quan trng khi lng nc ma cao bt thng do bin i kh
hu gy ra ang e da ko theo s gia tng v cng v tn sut ca l lt. Thm vo , c
vic gim lng nc ma chy trn cng nh vic ci thin cht lng nc chy trn u s lm
gim lng cc cht nhim trong cc ngun nc.
Mt cch n gin gim thiu din tch b mt khng thm nc l s dng cc vt liu c kh
nng thm thu nc. Mc ch ca vic ny l nhm ti a ha kh nng lc nc ca lp t
pha di, qua gip gim thiu cc tc ng c hi n cht lng v tr lng nc ngm.
ng thi cch ny cn gip gim ngp lt cc b. Thm vo , phng php trn cn gip
ngn chn xi mn t. Cc cng trnh c khuyn khch s dng cc khng gian m v cc h
thng t nhin nh l cc loi thc vt, cc khu m ly, ging kh, v cc khu vn ma (rain
garden) gip thc y cht lng nc v kh nng lc nc.
156
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Giai phap hiu qua nht nhm kim soat lu lng cng nh cht lng nc ma chay tran la
lam tng kha nng thm thu cua cac b mt khu vc bn ngoai cng trnh, ng thi khi phuc
cac chc nng t nhin cua khu t. Cac gii php gip tng kha nng thm nc cua b mt khu
t bao gm:
Chi inh cac loai vt liu lat ngoi thm nc cho cac h thng ng giao thng ni b, bi
u xe va ng i b sau:
-
gach lot h ng
nha ng xp
a si
a cui
g muc
gach
a t nhin
Gim thiu din tch xy dng v gim b mt lt gch
Cc ao h tr nc
Cc h thng thu gom nc ma
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton xem xt ton b din tch khu t, tr din tch chim t ca cng trnh xy dng. Tnh
ton da vo s liu din tch. S dng phng php sau y xc nh mc thm nc trn
c khu t:
Xc nh din tch phn t khng xy dng
Xc nh din tch ca tng loi b mt lt cng hoc cnh quan c s dng
Xc nh h s chy trn ca mi loi vt liu lt b mt hoc cnh quan c s dng
Xc nh mc thm nc ca khu t bng cng thc sau:

157
Mcthmnccakhut %
An
Din tch ca khng gian n [m2]
CRn
H s chy trn ca vt liu lt b mt cho khng gian n
Akhu t =
100%
Tng din tch khu t tr i din tch xy dng [m2]
Bng di y ch nn c dng trong trng hp khng c d liu v h s chy trn ca vt

liu.
Bng A.1- H s chy trn

c tnh b mt
H s chy trn C
Lt b mt
Nha ng
0,70-0,85
Gch
0,70-0,85
B tng
0,80-0,95
Cc loi g (cy tha cho n c)
0,05-0,25
Li i b v ng xe chy
0,75-0,85
Bi xe
0,10-0,25
Sn chi
0,20-0,40
C, t ct
Bng phng, 2%
0,05-0,10
Trung bnh, 2-7%
0,10-0,15
Dc, 7%
0,15-0,20
C, t nng
Bng phng, 2%
0,13-0,17
Trung bnh, 2-7%
0,18-0,22
Dc, 7%
0,25-0,35
Khng c ci to
0,10-0,30
Nc
Nc
0,00
(Ngun: EMS)
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
158

Cc d liu do nh sn xut cng b th hin h s chy trn ca cc vt liu lt b mt

HOC H s chy trn cho php tng ng (nu khng c s liu ca nh sn xut)
Mt bng thit k chung v thit k cnh quan (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th
hin din tch cc b mt cng/din tch cnh quan v cc vt liu c s dng
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) trong ch r

cc gii php kim sot v x l nc ma chy trn
Tnh ton th hin s tun th i vi cc yu cu ca khon
159
A-3 Chng Chu Thm Ha T Nhin

Mc ch
Nhm m bo rng cng trnh phi tch hp cc thnh phn kt cu v/hoc phi kt cu c kh
nng chng chu cc thm ha thin nhin, trong iu kin mi e da t cc hin tng thi tit
hoc ng t nguy him ngy cng gia tng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
p dng cc im sau vo thit k ca cng trnh:

a cc gii php chng chu thm ha t nhin vo kt cu khung ca cng trnh
-HOC-
a cc gii php chng chu thm ha t nhin khc vo cng trnh

p dng cc im sau vo thit k ca cng trnh :
a cc gii php chng chu thm ha t nhin vo kt cu khung ca cng trnh
-V-
a cc gii php chng chu thm ha t nhin khc vo cng trnh
Tng Quan
Chng Chu Thm Ha T Nhin (Khon Thch ng v Gim Nh 3):
Vit Nam l mt trong s nhng quc gia hng chu nhiu thin tai nht trn th gii. Cc thm
ha t nhin thng xut hin gm c: l lt, gi bo, p thp nhit i, l qut, gi xoy, hn
hn, st l t, chy rng, ngp mn v ng t.
a phn cc h hi ghi nhn c gy ra cho cng trnh l do l lt v cung phong (ch yu l
bo, gi xoy). Mc d kh nng xy ra ng t khng cao ti Vit Nam, mi e da ny vn l
rt ln vi nhng khu vc ng dn c. V vy, LOTUS khuyn khch cc cng trnh c thit k
vi kh nng chng chu c tt c nhng nguy c tim tng v bo v cho nhng ngi s
dng cng trnh trong khi xy ra thm ha.
Tt c cc kt cu ca cng trnh phi tun th cc quy inh bt buc trong tiu chun TCVN 27371995. Cc tiu ch thit k cng trnh c th theo cc tiu chun nc ngoi ph hp, vi iu kin
cc tiu chun ny phi tun th vi Lut Xy Dng Vit Nam (12/2003) Mc 6 v Thng t s
18/2010/TT-BXD.
160
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh:

Di y l mt s gii php c th c s dng nhm t c cc yu cu ca khon:
Cc gii php v kt cu
- Cc kt cu khung thp v hp kim
- Cc gii php chng chu ng t
- Cc thit k kh ng hc
- Cc ni tr n (t nhin v nhn to)
- Cc vt liu p c bn v kh nng chng va p cao
- Cc thit b /h thng k thut gn ngoi c gia c v bo v
Cc gii php phi kt cu

- H thng cnh bo sm c kt ni trc tip vi h thng cnh bo khn cp ca
cc y Ban Nhn Dn hoc cc trm/trung tm kh tng
- V tr t cc thit b trng yu v cc ngun cung cp trn cao
- Nh tr bo
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Np cc ti liu k thut sau:
Bo co ch ra cc nguy c thin tai c th tc ng ln cng trnh v cc bin php c p

dng chng li thit hi do cc loi thin tai ni trn gy ra
-V -
Cc ti liu lin quan ti gii php phng chng thin tai phi kt cu bao gm:
Mt bng thit k (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc gii php phi kt cu
c tch hp trong thit k
161
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc gii
php phi kt cu c tch hp trong thit k
Hoc Cc ti liu lin quan ti gii php phng chng thin tai kt cu bao gm:
Cc bn v kt cu (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc gii php kt cu

c tch hp trong thit k
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut ca kt cu (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th

hin cc gii php kt cu c tch hp trong thit k
162
A-4 Hiu ng o Nhit

Mc ch
Nhm gim thiu hiu ng o nhit cng nh tc ng ca mi trng xy dng i vi vi kh
hu, con ngi, cng nh cc qun th t nhin
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Tng Quan
Hiu ng o Nhit (Khon Thch ng v Gim Nh 4):
Vi kh hu l mt vng khng kh cc b vi nhng c im ring bit so vi nhng khu vc xung
quanh. Mi trng xy dng c th gy nh hng n vi kh hu vn c nu nhng vt liu xy
dng hp th v phn chiu li lng nng lng mt tri ln hn nhiu so vi iu kin t nhin
v mi trng xung quanh. S thay i ca vi kh hu ny c bit n nh hiu ng o nhit
th. Vic ny xut hin khi nhit tr nn nng hn trong th so vi khu vc nng thn v
iu ny c th gy nn tc ng xu n cht lng khng kh, mc tiu th nng lng v sc
khe con ngi. Hiu ng o nhit th xy ra khi nhng b mt c lt gch, tri b tng
hoc nha ng (nh ng giao thng, li i b, bi xe v cng trnh xy dng), gi li nng
lng mt tri v phn x nhit lng tr li bu kh quyn xung quanh (Hnh A.1).
Hnh A.1 Hiu ng o nhit
163
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Vic gim hiu ng o nhit c th t c bng cc gii php thit k di y:
S dng h thng lt nn c l hng nhm gim din tch lt ( thm nc khng t hn

50%)
Cc thit b che nng vi ch s SRI ln hn 29 hoc Che nng bng cy ci (tn cy phi bao
trm v che nng cho din tch lt hoc mi)
Vt liu lt v sn c ch s SRI ln hn 29
Mi xanh hoc nu (mi sng)
Tm pin mt tri
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton da trn din tch lt/ph v mi. Ton b din tch c lt/ph trn khu t xy dng
m ti t t nhin khng tip xc trc tip vi nh sng mt tri s c tnh vo din tch
lt/ph. Cc bin php c lit k trong mc Tip Cn & Thc Hnh ca Khon ny l ton b cc
phng php c coi l c tc dng gim hiu ng o nhit. Cc din tch c che bi thit b
c kh s c tr vo din tch mi. Phn trm din tch c tc dng hn ch hiu ng o nhit
c th c tnh bng phng php di y:
Xc nh tng din tch lt/ph v mi
Xc nh din tch c coi l c tc dng hn ch hiu ng o nhit. i vi cc kt cu che

nng, din tch che ph bng din tch mt chiu bng ca kt cu. i vi cy c tn, din
tch che ph ca mt cy c mc nh bng 1m2.
Xc nh din tch cn c tr vo tng din tch lt/ph v mi
Tnh tng din tch hn ch hiu ng o nhit theo cng thc sau:
Bmthnchhiungonhit %
A thp
A
A
100%
Din tch c che ph bng vt liu hn ch hiu ng o nhit [m]

164

A tng din tch lt+mi
Tng din tch b mt c lt/ph vt liu v din tch mi [m]
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Mt bng quy hoch tng th (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) ch ra din tch cnh
quan, din tch lt/ph v din tch mi, cy ci, tm pin mt tri v cc loi vt liu cng thit
b khc
Thng s t nh sn xut xc nhn gi tr SRI ca vt liu HOC gi tr SRI ca vt liu (thng

s phi ly t nhng ngun c VGBC chng nhn)
Nhng tnh ton chng minh vic tun th yu cu ca khon ny
165
A-5 Giao Thng Cng Cng

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch ngi s dng cng trnh s dng phng tin giao thng cng cng nhm
gii hn lng kh thi cacbon v tc nghn giao thng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Thng bo rng ri cc thng tin v phng tin giao thng cng cng sn c ti
ngi s dng cng trnh
im
KTQ T&GN 2
Chn v tr cng trnh ti ni c kt ni vi h thng giao thng cng cng
Tng Quan
Giao Thng Cng Cng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Thch ng v Gim Nh 2 v Khon 5):
Da vo tnh trng giao thng th cng nh mc tng dn s v th ha hin ti, c th
d dng thy r nhng thch thc m Vit Nam s phi i mt pht trin mt h thng giao
thng th hiu qu v hn ch pht thi cacbon.
iu kin tin quyt nhm m bo rng vic s dng phng tin giao thng cng cng c
khuyn khch mt cch tht s hiu qu trong cng trnh. Khon ny nhm tng kh nng tip cn
h thng giao thng cng cng. Nhng im lin kt vi h thng giao thng cng cng c th
c sn khi v tr khu t nm trong khu vc th pht trin hoc nhng giao thng lin kt
vi h thng giao thng cng cng sn c nn c tch hp.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Giao Thng Cng Cng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Thch ng v Gim Nh 2):
Cung cp thng tin v giao thng cng cng cho ngi s dng bao gm cc tuyn ng v lch
trnh ti nhng v tr d thy v tip cn. Dch v thng tin ny phi c cp nht nh k.
Giao Thng Cng Cng (Khon Thch ng v Gim Nh 5):
Chn v tr khu t cng trnh ti ni c kt ni vi ti thiu 2 tuyn ng khc nhau trong bn
knh 0.5 km.
166
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Giao Thng Tp Th (iu Kin Tin Quyt Thch ng v Gim Nh 2):

Cung cp nhng ti liu sau:
Mt bng quy hoch ch ra v tr ca bng thng tin giao thng cng cng
Th xc nhn ca ch s hu rng bng thng tin s c cp nht
Giao Thng Tp Th (Khon Thch ng v Gim Nh 5):

Mt bng hoc bn xc nh v tr cc trm dng ca h thng giao thng cng cng

trong vng bn knh 0.5km quanh khu t
Ti liu xc nh s lng tuyn ng qua cc trm dng
167
A-6 Vt Liu a Phng

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic s dng vt liu c sn xut ti a phng nh mt cch gip gim
thiu lng pht thi cacbon trong khi vn thc y nn cng nghip ti a phng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
20% tng s vt liu s dng c sn xut trong bn knh 500km t cng trng
30% tng s vt liu s dng c sn xut trong bn knh 500km t cng trng
Tng Quan
Vt Liu a Phng (Khon Thch ng v Gim Nh 6):
Qu trnh sn xut, s dng v tiu hy vt liu xy dng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ch
yu gy tc ng xu n mi trng. Vic chn vt liu nn c cn nhc cn thn v nn chn
vt liu t cc ngun ti s dng, ti ch hoc t nhng ngun ti nguyn bn vng. Thm vo ,
vic la chn v s dng vt liu c sn xut ti a phng cn c khuyn khch v vic la
chn ny s gip gim thiu tc ng mi trng gy ra trong qu trnh vn chuyn ng di,
ng thi h tr kinh t a phng.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Vic la chn v s dng vt liu a phng trong cng trnh cn phi c ln k hoch t
nhng giai on thit k u tin. Cn m bo rng vt liu c s dng trong xy dng cng
trnh chnh l nhng vt liu a phng c ch nh trong qu trnh thit k.
Tnh Ton
168

Tnh ton c da trn gi c. Phn trm vt liu a phng c th c xc nh bng phng
php sau:
Xc nh tng chi ph vt liu cn cho ton b cng trnh
Xc nh tng chi ph cho vt liu a phng
Tnh ton tng lng vt liu a phng s dng theo cng thc sau:
Vtliuaphng %
100%
Cl
Chi ph cho vt liu a phng [VN]
Ctng
Tng chi ph vt liu xy dng cng trnh [VN]
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Bn xc nh v tr sn xut vt liu v khong cch n khu t
Thng s ca nh sn xut ch r xut x ca vt liu HOC Th c k tn v ng du t

nh sn xut xc nhn xut x vt liu
Bng nh lng cho ton b vt liu cn thit trong d n, trong ch r mi vt liu c

sn xut ti a phng
n t hng hoc ha n cho tt c cc loi vt liu a phng
Tnh ton chng minh vic tun th theo cc yu cu ca khon
169
Mi cng trnh xy dng phi tun th lut php v phi

h tr ngi tn tt trong vic s dng cng trnh. S
dng thit k phi gii hn nhm m bo cc yu t
nh tui tc, tnh trng th cht khng cn tr ngi s
dng tip cn cng trnh. Thm vo , cng trnh xanh
nn c nhng khng gian cng cng cho ngi ti hoc
ngoi cng trnh s dng. Khng gian ny cng gip to
s hi ha gia mi trng xy dng vi cng ng dn
c cng nh h sinh thi trong khu vc. Cui cng, mc
tiu ny ph hp vi nh ngha v pht trin bn vng,
khi kinh t, x hi v mi trng cng pht trin hi ha.
Cc Khon trong Hng mc Cng ng ca LOTUS hng
ti vic ti a ha li ch cho cng ng dn c xung
quanh, ng thi gim thiu tc ng tiu cc t d n.
Bng vic xin kin ng gp t cng ng v hon tt
kho st v di sn, d n xy dng c th trnh vic lm
tn hi cc di sn vn ha a phng, hn na cn lm
tng s ng h ca cng ng xung quanh i vi d n,
mt nhn t quan trng m bo d n c tin hnh
sun s. Vi vic chn khun vin d n gn cc dch v
c bn v s dng lao ng a phng, mi lin h gn
kt gia cng trnh xy dng v dn c khu vc xung
quanh s c ci thin r rt.
Cng ng
Mt d n xy dng ti khu dn c pht trin c th

nh hng nhiu mt ti cng ng xung quanh, nht
l s pht trin ca cng ng. c bit, cc d n ln
ti cc vng nng thn Vit Nam thng khi u mt
qu trnh thit lp v pht trin nhanh chng ca cc
cng ng dn c trong khu vc. Mc d s pht trin
ca cc cng ng ny gip to vic lm v c th ci
thin i sng ca ngi dn a phng, n cng nhn
rng du chn carbon ra nhng khu vc cha pht trin
v tc ng ti mi trng t nhin trong khu vc.
Cng ng
Khon
Tiu Ch
6 im
im
CY-PR-1 Tham
vn Cng ng
Ly kin ngi dn
KTQ C 1
CY-PR-2 Kho st
Bo tn Di sn
Thc hin mt bn kho st di sn ti khu t cng trnh (mt phn ca TM)
KTQ C 2
CY-PR-3 Tin
nghi cho ngi
tn tt
Tun th QCXDVN 01:2002 Quy chun xy dng cng trnh m bo ngi

tn tt tip cn s dng
KTQ C 3
CY-1 Kt ni
cng ng
CY-2 Khng gian

cng cng
t nht 5 im dch v thit yu phi nm trong bn knh 0.5km t v tr cng

trnh
t nht 10 im dch v thit yu phi nm trong bn knh 0.5km t v tr cng

trnh
10% din tch khu t xy dng phi dnh cho khng gian cng cng
1 im mi khi c thm 10% din tch khu t xy dng c dnh cho khng
gian cng cng (ti a 40%)
171
CY-PR-1 Tham Vn Cng ng

Mc ch
Nhm trc tip tham kho kin ngi dn sinh sng hoc lm vic trong khu vc xung quanh
cng trnh v bn cht d n v thit k
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Thc hin ly kin nhn dn
im
KTQ C 1
Tng Quan
Tham Vn Cng ng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cng ng 1):
Vic tham gia ca cc c nhn v cng ng cng nh quyn c tham gia ca h phi lun
c kt hp trong giai on k hoch. Tham vn cng ng l mt qu trnh ly kin ngi dn
v nhng vn c nh hng n cng ng thng qua hp cng ng (c t chc bi ch
u t).
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Tham vn cng ng phi c t chc nh quy nh trong Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP Quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh Lut bo v mi trng v Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP v
sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP.
Np H S
Giai on Thit K:
Bng chng chng minh vic thng bo n cng ng ngi dn
Bng chng v cuc hp cng ng, bao gm nhng bin bn t cuc hp v mt danh sch
ca nhng ngi tham gia
172
CY-PR-2 Kho St Bo Tn Di Sn
Mc ch
Nhm bo v di sn vn ha v kin trc ca Vit Nam v ng gp vo ti sn di sn vn ha th
gii
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Thc hin mt bn kho st di sn ti khu t cng trnh (mt phn ca TM)
im
KTQ C 2
Tng Quan
Kho st Bo v Di Sn (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cng ng 2):
Khon cp ti nhng bin php bo tn c thc hin bi cc d n c v tr st cnh, nm

trong khun vin hoc cng qun th c gi tr di sn quan trng. Di sn l mt ngun ti sn qu
gi ca cng ng. Vic bo v cc di tch vn ha lch s, cc thng cnh ni ting v cc khu vc
c v p nguyn s l vic lm cp thit bo v s giu c v vn ha quc gia. Chnh v th,
cn p dng nhng gii php thch hp nhm loi tr kh nng gy thit hi cho cc khu t, di
tch v thng cnh.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cht lng v s lng ca mc gi tr di sn trong khu t phi c trnh by trong Bo co
Thng k Di sn. Bo co thng k di sn nn c thc hin nh mt phn ca nh gi Tc
ng Mi trng (TM) trong giai on nghin cu kh thi d n (tham kho iu Kin Tin Quyt
Sinh Thi 2).
Trong trng hp d n c min vic thc hin nh gi Tc ng Mi trng (TM), cn cung

cp bng chng t cc c quan c thm quyn ti a phng chng minh gi tr di sn/di tch lch
s ca khu t d n hoc kh nng d n c th nh hng n nhng di sn/di tch gn .
173

Cc bin php bo tn phi tun th quy nh trong Lut Di sn Vn ha, Khon 37.1 v 37.2 theo
cc cch sau:
Cc nh u t cho cc d n ci to hay xy dng ti cc a im nh hng n di tch phi

phi hp v to iu kin cho cc n v c thm quyn trong lnh vc vn ha v thng tin
gim st ton b qu trnh thi cng cc d n ci to hay xy dng ny.
Trong qu trnh ci to hay xy dng, nu cc nh u t d n nhn thy c th c cc di tch,

vt tch, vt c, hoc cc vt c gi tr quc gia, h phi tm thi dng thi cng v lp tc
thng bo cho n v c thm quyn a phng trong lnh vc vn ha v thng tin.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Bo co thng k di sn, mt phn ca TM thc hin cho iu kin tin quyt Sinh thi 2
Th t cc cp c thm quyn ti a phng c thm quyn xc nhn rng khu t xy dng

khng c gi tr di sn hoc lch s -HOC- Mt bo co (c lp c s lin kt vi cc cp c
thm quyn ti a phng) v cc di sn vn ha hoc lch s cn c bo v trong qu trnh
xy dng.
174
CY-PR-3 Tin Nghi Cho Ngi Tn Tt

Mc ch
Nhm to iu kin cho ngi tn tt tip cn n tt c khu vc ca mi loi cng trnh
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Tun th QCXDVN 01:2002 - Quy chun xy dng cng trnh m bo ngi tn
tt tip cn s dng
im
KTQ C 3
Tng Quan
Tin Nghi Cho Ngi Tn Tt (iu Kin Tin Quyt Cng ng 3):
Gii quyt kh nng tip cn cng trnh cho ngi khuyt tt cng l mt nhim v ng lu
m bo cng bng x hi. Theo thng k, Vit Nam c khong 6.1 triu ngi khuyt tt, tng
ng vi 7.8% dn s. y l mt con s khng h nh, do , cng cn m bo cc tin nghi
ngi khuyt tt c th s dng cng trnh mt cch an ton v thun tin. Cng vi quan
im ny, ngy 17/01/2002, B Xy Dng ban hnh QCXDVN 01:2002 Quy chun xy dng
cng trnh m bo ngi tn tt tip cn s dng. Quy chun ch p dng i vi mt s loi
cng trnh nht nh chng hn nh: cc cng trnh chm sc sc khe, cc n v hnh chnh, cc
cng trnh gio dc, cc cng trnh th dc th thao, cc cng trnh vn ha, cc cng trnh dch v
cng cng, cc nh tp th, cc ng xe c v i b, cng nh l cc khng gian m. N khng
c th quy nh cho cc cng trnh vn phng, cc nh xng, tp on t nhn hay cc cng
trnh thng mi.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Li ra vo chung bn ngoi: Ngi tn tt phi c th tip cn cng trnh t ng bin khu t
qua li ra vo chnh, cng nh t bt k ch u xe no trn khu t (1 ch u xe cho mi 100
ch u xe); v t bt k cng trnh k bn hoc nhng ta nh trn cng khu t; v thng qua
cc li ra vo cng cng chnh. Li ra vo n v bn trong cng trnh phi c mt dc hoc mt
thang my. Ngoi ra, cn nhc cc vn thit k sau cho vic ra vo v di chuyn ngi tn tt:
175
Cc dc ra vo ca chnh
Cc con ng lin tc bn trong
Thit b bo va chm
Cc thang my
Cc cu thang
Ca ra vo, m ca ra vo, thnh phn khung v knh ca ca
Tay vn
Nh v sinh
Cng tc thit b n
n in v chiu sng
L kha ca
Vi nc cha chy
Cc nt bo khn cp, cc h thng cnh bo v k hoch di tn
Cc bin bo v ch dn li
Sn chng trn trt
Cc cm in chung
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Mt bng (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) xc nh v tr ca dc v cc gii php

khc gip m bo ngi tn tt c th tip cn cng trnh d dng hn, tun th QCXDVN
01:2002
Trch dn t cc thng s k thut (phc v cho qu trnh la chn nh thu) th hin cc ch

dn ni, cc du hiu cng nh cc h tr ngi tn tt khc
Bo co ch ra cc bin php nhm m bo s tip cn khng b cn tr n cng trnh
176
CY-1 Kt Ni Cng ng
Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch cc d n c kt ni vi nhng tin ch, c s h tng v dch v sn c
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
t nht 5 im dch v thit yu phi nm trong bn knh 0.5km t v tr cng trnh
t nht 10 im dch v thit yu phi nm trong bn knh 0.5km t v tr cng trnh
Tng Quan
Kt Ni Cng ng (Khon Cng ng 1):
Mt cng trnh mi s kt ni vi cng ng tt hn nu n c b tr gn cc tin nghi cng
ng p ng y mi nhu cu c bn ca ngi s dng cng trnh. Vic c cc dch v c
bn gn cng trnh khng ch thun tin cho nhng ngi s dng cng trnh m cn gim thiu
nhu cu di chuyn bng xe c gii n v t cng trnh. Hn th na, vic ny s trnh vic pht
trin thm cc dch v xung quanh cng trnh, vn c th gy ra cc tc ng ln vng t cha
khai thc xung quanh.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cn nhc u tin nhng cng trnh xy dng hoc ci to trong khu vc th hin hu vi nhiu
dch v c bn nm trong khong cch i b. Cc dch v c bn bao gm nhng khng gii hn
trong khun kh sau:
177

Bng CY.1 Cc dch v c bn
1. Ngn hng
10. Git i
19. Nh hng/Qun cafe
2. Lm p/ Lm tc
11. Th vin
20. Trng hc
3. Dn v sinh
12. Y t/nha s
21. Chm sc sc khe ngi gi
4. Trung tm cng ng
13. Bo tng
22. Siu th
5. Ca hng tp ha
14. Cng vin
23. Trung tm Ngh thut/Gii tr
6. Nh tr
15. Nh thuc
7. Trung tm th dc th thao
16. a im th cng
25. n cng an
8. Trm cu ha
17. Bu in
26. Nh sch
9. Trm xng
18. My ATM
27. Ch
24. Ca hng sa cha in / xe

c
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Danh sch lit k ca tt c cc dch v c bn trong bn knh 0.5km xung quanh khu t cng
trnh
Bn hoc mt bng quy hoch xc nh v tr ca t nht 5 loi dch v c bn trong bn

knh 0.5km xung quanh cng trnh
178
CY-2 Khng Gian Cng Cng

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch cc thit k c cha mt phn khng gian phc v c cng ng gia tng
kt ni cng ng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
10% din tch khu t xy dng phi dnh cho khng gian cng cng
1 im mi khi c thm 10% din tch khu t xy dng c dnh cho khng gian
cng cng (ti a 40%)
Tng Quan
Khng Gian Cng Cng (Khon Cng ng 2):
Khng gian cng cng hoc cc tin ch gii tr ng vai tr quan trng trong vic ci thin cht
lng cuc sng ca cng ng dn c. Vic dnh ra mt khong khng gian cng cng trong
cng trnh hoc khu t gip cng c kt ni gia cng trnh v cng ng.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cc khng gian cng cng l mi khong khng gian m ra cho mi ngi dn ch khng ch gii
hn cho nhng ngi s dng cng trnh. Khng gian cng cng bao gm cc v d sau nhng
khng gii hn:
Sn chi
Khng gian xanh, nh cc cng vin
Cc khu gii tr trong nh
Cc khu th thao
Cc ao/h/sng/sui phc v mc ch gii tr
179
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton c da trn din tch. Phn trm khng gian cng cng c th c tnh ton theo
phng php sau:
Tng din tch khu t
Din tch ca cc khng gian cng cng
Xc nh phn khng gian cng cng bng cng thc sau:
Khnggiancngcng %
100%
Acng cng
Din tch cng cng [m2]
Atng
Tng din tch khu t [m2]
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Bo co nu ra tnh cht ca cc khng gian cng cng
Mt bng quy hoch khu t trong ch r cc khng gian cng cng
Tnh ton ch r vic tun th theo cc yu cu ca khon
180
Cuc hp ng gp tng thit k gip tit kim nng

lng v vt liu (Eco-Charrette) l mt khi nim mi
nhng li l mt bc quan trng trc khu thit k.
Qu trnh ny m bo rng ton b i thit k u c
cng mt nh hng, cng hiu r v xc nh r ch
n trc v trong khi thc hin thit k. Trong qu trnh
xy dng, mt h thng qun l hon chnh v hp l
phi c thit lp m bo tnh nht qun.
Hng mc Qun l ca LOTUS khuyn khch vic s dng
mt Chuyn vin T vn LOTUS (LOTUS AP), mt m hnh
qun l c cng nhn trn th gii, vic tin hnh kim
tra chy th trc khu bn giao v mt quy ch hp tc
nht qun nhm m bo tng thit k nhn c s
chp thun ca tt c cc bn v c truyn t vo qu
trnh xy dng mt cch chnh xc.
.
Qun l
Vic tin hnh xy dng bt c mt cng trnh bn vng

v thn thin mi trng no cng cn ti nhiu bn
tham gia, t nhiu ngnh ngh vi cc k nng ring. S
phi hp nhp nhng gia tt c cc thnh vin ca ban
d n nhm t ra cc khi nim mi trng thch hp t
thi im bt u thit lp tng cho d n ng vai
tr c bit quan trng. Mt phn khng km quan trng
l vic thng bo nhng quyt nh v thng tin ny n
ngi s dng v qun l cng trnh h hiu v s
dng ng nhng c im thit k ca cng trnh. T
, cng trnh s c vn hnh ng theo nhng mc
tiu ban u ra trong sut vng i.
Qun l
10 im
Khon
Tiu Ch
im
Man-PR-1 Hng
dn S dng
Cng trnh
Cung cp Hng dn S dng Cng trnh cho mi cn h, ch cng trnh/ban

qun l cng trnh
KTQ QL 1
Thc hin Cuc hp ng gp tng Thit k Gip Tit kim Nng lng
v Vt liu (Eco-Charrette)
KTQ QL 2
Man-1 Giai on
thit k
Phi c mt Chuyn vin T vn LOTUS (LOTUS AP) trong i thit k

Man-2 Giai on
xy dng
Man-3 Kim
duyt
Man-4 Duy tu
1) Vic qun l d n phi c thc hin theo mt h thng nht nh

c ghi nhn trn th gii
-HOC2) o to nh thu v cc kha cnh xanh trong thit k cng trnh
1) Vic qun l d n phi c thc hin theo mt h thng nht nh
c ghi nhn trn th gii
-V2) o to nh thu v cc kha cnh xanh trong thit k cng trnh
m bo vic kim nh trc bn giao c thc hin y bi tng nh
thu
Ch nh mt i kim nh i thc hin vic kim tra chy th cho n khi
bn giao cho ngi s dng hoc tin hnh thanh tra vic kim nh ca nh
thu bi mt bn th ba
Ch nh mt i kim nh i thc hin vic kim tra chy th cho n khi
bn giao cho ngi s dng hoc tin hnh thanh tra vic kim nh ca nh
thu bi mt bn th ba
-V- Tin hnh phn tch sau vn hnh
2
KTQ QL 3
2
3
Lp ra mt k hoch duy tu, ngn nga
Lp ra mt k hoch duy tu, ngn nga vi s tham gia ca i k thut trc

khi kim nh
182
Man-PR-1 Hng Dn S Dng Cng Trnh

Mc ch
Nhm m bo nhng ngi vn hnh v s dng cng trnh s c tt c cc thng tin yu cu
cho vic vn hnh cng trnh ng cch
Yu Cu:
Tiu Ch
Cung cp Hng dn S dng Cng trnh cho mi cn h, ch cng trnh/ban qun l
cng trnh
im
KTQ QL 1
Tng Quan
Hng Dn S Dng Cng Trnh (iu Kin Tin Quyt Qun L 1):
Quyn Hng dn S dng Cng trnh cn cp tt c cc c tnh ca cng trnh v thit k
cung cp thng tin y v tt c cc lp rp, h thng v trang thit b c b tr trong cng
trnh. Quyn hng dn cung cp thng tin lin quan n vic lp t, vn hnh v bo dng
ng cch cho tt c cc h thng cng vi cc kt qu ca mi hot ng kim duyt. Quyn
Hng dn S dng Cng trnh cho ngi c tr trong cng trnh cng cn phi c nhng hng
dn v li sng bn vng v cch cc thit k ca cng trnh c th khuyn khch vic .
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Quyn Hng dn S dng Cng trnh s c thc hin trong sut qu trnh d n. Hng dn
ny s c cung cp bi nh thu. Cc yu cu v ni dung v lu hnh quyn hng dn ny s
c ch nh trong cc ti liu xy dng.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
183
Th by t nh cung cp quyn Hng dn S dng Cng trnh ca ch cng trnh/ch u

t
184
Man-1 Giai on Thit K

Mc ch
Nhm m bo tt c cc mt thit k bn vng u c xc nh v c ln k hoch t giai
on sm nht ca d n v nhm khuyn khch cc c nhn kh nng tham gia qun l cc
mt ni trn
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Thc hin Cuc hp ng gp tng Thit k Gip Tit kim Nng lng v Vt liu
(Eco-Charrette)
Phi c mt Chuyn vin T vn LOTUS (LOTUS AP) trong i thit k
im
KTQ QL 2
2
Tng Quan
Giai on Thit K (iu Kin Tin Quyt Qun L 2):
Eco-Charrette l mt cuc hp nhm mang tnh tng tc, bao gm nhiu n v thu, m mc
tiu l nhm khm ph nhng yu t pht trin cng trnh xanh quan trng ca mt d n trc
khi bt k quyt nh thit k no c a ra. Thng qua qu trnh ny, cc n v thu lm vic
cng nhau hnh thnh v hng n nhng mc tiu v cng trnh xanh v pht trin bn
vng trc khi xc nh hng tip cn chi tit hn. Cuc hp thng ko di ti thiu trong mt
ngy l mt cuc hp mt ngy nhng iu cn ty thuc vo quy m cng nh phc tp
ca d n.
Giai on Thit K (Khon Qun L 1):
Cc tc ng ca mi trng t qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh ca mt cng trnh c th c
hiu v gim thiu ng k thng qua vic lp k hoch giai on thit k hiu qu. Qua vic
bt cc c nhn c kh nng, c th m bo cc mc tiu ca d n s t c mt cch
thng nht v mch lc.
185
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Giai on thit k (iu Kin Tin Quyt Qun L 2):
Eco-Charrette cn hng ti vic tp hp cc bn nh:
Cc ch u t
Cc kin trc s, k s v nh thit k
Cc nh thu
Nhn vin cng trnh v khch hng/ngi thu
Nhn vin, ngi lp k hoch v ngi dn a phng
Thng qua mt qu trnh ca hc hi, tho lun v cc hot ng theo nhm nh, Eco-Charrette
cn tn dng k nng ca nhng ngi tham gia nhm i n cc quyt nh thit k chnh.
Vic ny s cho php cc bn nhn thc c y nhng mi tng quan tim nng gia
nhng gii php cng trnh xanh vi nhng yu cu ca cng trnh. C th hn, cc mc tiu nn
c xc nh l:
Xc nh nhng ch n cho s bn vng v mc tiu ca d n
B sung kin thc v cc vn mi trng cng nh hiu qu s dng nng lng cho cc
nhm d n, ch u t, nhng ngi s dng cng trnh, v cng ng
C c mt tm nhn xa hn v cc tc ng mi trng pht sinh t qu trnh xy dng

cng trnh
Bt u hng cng tc cn thit cho mt thit k tng th thnh cng
Hnh thnh nn mt mng li m rng trn nn tng chuyn mn v kinh nghim nhm thu
thp cc kin ng gp
Truyn t tinh thn trch nhim v quyn s hu trong sut qu trnh cng nh thnh qu
cui cng n cc bn tham gia.

Mt c nhn c kh nng, thuc ni b hay t bn ngoi, c ch nh vi trch nhim m bo
tt c cc mc tiu bn vng ca mt d n c hon thnh cng nh t c hiu sut s
dng tt nht trong sut vng i ca d n. C nhn ny s c bit n nh l Chuyn Vin T
vn Xanh v phi l mt chuyn vin t vn LOTUS (LOTUS AP) c cng nhn bi VGBC sau khi
vt qua k thi ly chng ch. Nhim v quan trng ca cc Chuyn Vin T vn Xanh l m bo
186

rng cc cng c phn tch tin cy sm c a vo trin khai trong qu trnh thit k, nhm cho
php a ra cc quyt nh thit k tch hp.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Giai on Thit K (iu Kin Tin Quyt Qun L 2):

Thng tin v Eco-Charrette bao gm:

-
Cc bin bn ca cuc hp
Cc quyt nh cho bt c ch tho lun quan trng no
Cc thnh vin tham d v nhim v ca h trong nhm thit k

Np cc ti liu chng minh (theo yu cu ca VGBC) v kinh nghim lin quan ca Chuyn vin
T vn LOTUS.
187
Man-2 Giai on Xy Dng

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic p dng ca mt c cu Qun l D n c cng nhn trong giai on
xy dng, m bo vic ti u ha qu trnh xy dng
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
1) Vic qun l d n phi c thc hin theo mt h thng nht nh c ghi
nhn trn th gii
-HOC2) o to nh thu v cc kha cnh xanh trong thit k cng trnh
1) Vic qun l d n phi c thc hin theo mt h thng nht nh c ghi
nhn trn th gii
-V2) o to nh thu v cc kha cnh xanh trong thit k cng trnh
im
KTQ QL 3
Tng Quan
Giai on Xy Dng (iu Kin Tin Quyt Qun L 3):
Bn k hoch an ton cho d n l mt bn k hoch c lp ra bi nh thu m bo vic xy
dng c thc hin mt cch an ton. Vi mc tiu m bo an ton cho tt c cng nhn cng
nh nhng ngi c mt trn cng trng, cc nh thu phi trin khai ton b ngun nhn lc,
hnh chnh v trang thit b cn thit nhm t c mc tiu ny. Thng t s 22/2010/TT-BXD
Quy nh v an ton lao ng trong thi cng xy dng cng trnh quy nh r nhng yu cu
i vi cc d n xy dng ti Vit Nam.
Giai on Xy Dng (Khon Qun L 2):
xy dng mt d n ln, lin quan ti nhiu ngnh vi nhng mc tiu xc nh, iu quan
trng l khu xy dng phi c thc hin theo mt qu trnh qun l d n r rng v minh
bch theo tng giai on. Thng qua nhng hnh ng qun l nh vy, mi ngun lc ca d
n s c xc nh r, c qun l v gim st mt cch c hiu qu hn. Khon ny nhm n
vic khuyn khch vic p dng cc cng c v trnh t qun l d n m quc t cng nhn nhm
m bo s hiu qu v nng sut trong cc hot ng xy dng.
188
Cui cng, Khon cn khuyn khch vic t chc bui o to nh thu nhm gip h hiu r hn
v cc kha cnh xanh, cc yu cu v hiu sut hot ng v cc mc tiu ca cng trnh. Qua
bui o to ny, cc nh thu s c gii thiu v cc kha cnh xanh c trng ring cho cng
trnh v t h c th xc nh mi yu cu c bit ca d n nhm nh hng cho ton ban
d n. Bui o to phi c t chc trc giai on xy dng nhng sau khi k hp ng vi
nh thu.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

K hoch an ton phi tun th Thng t s 22/2010/TT-BXD

Cc c cu Qun l D n c th p dng bao gm nhng khng gii hn trong cc h thng c
cng nhn sau:
FIDIC
ISO 10006
PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge)
PRINCE2
Mt s cc h thng Qun l D n khc c th c p dng nhng cn c s thng qua ca

VGBC. Qun l D n nn c thc hin bi cc c nhn (nhn vin hoc chuyn gia bn ngoi)
c kinh nghim v chuyn mn theo mt c cu c cng nhn.
Ti bui hi tho o to cho nh thu, cc iu kin tin quyt v nhng yu cu khc m nh

thu cn phi p ng s c gii thch cn k. Cc thnh vin c bn bn pha nh thu bt
buc phi tham gia vo kha o to bao gm:
C in (M&E)
Xy lp cng trnh
189
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Cung cp bn K hoch An ton.

Bo co ch ra tiu chun qun l d n c p dng
H thng v cc qu trnh lin quan hoc cc kt qu t phn mm
Chng nhn cht lng (giy chng nhn vi tiu chun qun l d n)
Chng trnh cho Hi tho o to cho nh thu
Ch k ca nh thu tham gia vo Hi tho o to
190
Man-3 Kim nh (Cx)

Mc ch
Nhm m bo tt c cc trang thit b cng trnh c lp t, kim tra v hot ng theo ng
mc ch thit k
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
m bo vic kim nh trc bn giao c thc hin y bi tng nh thu
Ch nh mt i kim nh i thc hin vic kim tra chy th cho n khi bn giao
cho ngi s dng hoc tin hnh thanh tra vic kim nh ca nh thu bi mt bn
th ba
Ch nh mt i kim nh i thc hin vic kim tra chy th cho n khi bn giao
cho ngi s dng hoc tin hnh thanh tra vic kim nh ca nh thu bi mt bn
th ba -V- Tin hnh phn tch sau vn hnh
im
2
3
Tng Quan
Kim nh (Khon Qun L 3):
Kim nh (commissioning) l mt hnh thc qun l cht lng c k hoch v h thng, trong
c s tham gia ca tt c cc thnh vin ca nhm thit k. Mt chuyn gia kim duyt (CxA) s
dn u nhm kim duyt. CxA s l mt t vn vin c lp, mt nhn vin c kinh nghim t
cng ty khch hng hoc mt nhn vin ca mt cng ty cung cp cc dch v qun l d n xy
dng, nhng phi c lp vi nhng ngi thit k.
Trong thc t, rt nhiu cng trnh khng hot ng theo nh cc thng s thit k ch ra. Vic ny
xy ra phn ln l do vic thc hin kim duyt khng tt khi bn giao li cho ngi s dng cng
trnh, y cng chnh l thi im m him ha tht thot thng tin v kin thc xy ra ph bin.
Ti giai on kim duyt, vic quan trng l phi m bo tt c cc h thng dch v cng trnh
c lp t, kim tra, xc nh, v s c th i vo hot ng cng nh c th c bo dng
tip tc p ng cc yu cu hot ng nu trong thit k.
Ngoi ra, trong vng 18 thng k t giai on bn giao (vi t nht 50% din tch sn c s
dng), khi cc hot ng vn hnh n nh, mt kho st cn c thc hin sau khi cng trnh
c s dng, nhm nh gi hiu qu hot ng.
191
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Trong trng hp mt nh thu chu trch nhim thc hin cng tc kim nh, nh thu ny s
phi cung cp bng chng v vic lp t v vn hnh ca mi h thng dch v/thit b trong
cng trnh di dng cc thng s k thut, bn v hon cng cng nh kt qu kim tra. Nu mi
nh thu thc hin kim nh u c mt bn th ba kim tra cht lng kim nh th d n s c
th yu cu c thng thm 1 im. Tuy nhin, nu c th th vic xy dng mt i kim
nh c lp thc hin kim nh cho ton d n lun c khuyn khch.
Cc bc sau phi c thc hin bi mt n v ch nh:
Ch u t phi ch nh mt CxA. Vic ny nn c hon thnh sm trong giai on thit k.

CxA phi tham gia cuc hp Eco-Charrette. CxA s chu cc trch nhim ti thiu l:
Qun l nhm kim duyt (nhm Cx)
iu phi, thc hin v gim st cc hot ng kim duyt
Kim tra cc kt qu t cc qu trnh kim duyt
Ch u t phi cung cp nhng nt chnh v cc yu cu cho d n. Cc yu cu d n bao

gm cc mc sau:
Yu cu ca ngi s dng, bao gm nhng ng dng cng trnh, s lng ngi s

dng, nhng hng mc m rng trong tng lai,
Cc mc tiu v mi trng, nng lng v hiu qu
Cc yu cu v cht lng mi trng bn trong cng trnh
Nhng yu cu t ra cho h thng v trang thit b, bao gm tui th, kh nng t

ng v yu cu v bo dng
Cc nhn s chu trch nhim vn hnh v bo dng
Nhm thit k phi pht trin c s thit k. C s thit k s bao gm:
Cc gi nh tin quyt, bao gm khng gian s dng, cc iu kin thit k v

lng ngi s dng
Cc tiu chun, hng dn v quy nh m thit k phi tun theo
192
Nhng tiu ch hot ng ca trang thit b bao gm cc h thng HVAC, chiu

sng, nc nng v in
CxA s xem xt cc yu cu ca ch u t v c s thit k. CxA s m bo cc thit k c

bn p ng cc yu cu ca ch u t.
CxA s pht trin mt bn k hoch kim duyt (bn k hoch Cx). Bn k hoch Cx s bao
gm nhng thng tin ti thiu sau:
Tng quan v cc giai on Cx
Tng quan v nhm Cx, bao gm cc trch nhim ca tng thnh vin
Danh sch lit k tt c cc trang thit b, cc h thng v lp rp i km trong cc

qu trnh Cx
Ma trn lin lc thng tin cho cc qu trnh Cx
Danh sch cc s kin Cx quan trng
Nhm thit k phi tch hp cc ti liu Cx vo cc ti liu xy dng. Chi tit ca ti liu ny
c s dng m t trch nhim ca nh thu gn lin vi Cx. Ti thiu, cc mc sau phi
c tch hp trong cc ti liu xy dng:
Trch nhim ca nhm Cx
Cc trch nhim ca nh thu lin quan n cc qu trnh Cx
Cc yu cu cho vic np h s v xem xt h s
Cc yu cu trong vic lp h s trong qu trnh vn hnh v bo dng
Cc cuc hp cng trng c yu cu
Qu trnh thm tra xy dng
Khi ng v ci t cc h thng v trang thit b
Kim tra hiu sut hot ng ca trang thit b
Chp thun v kt thc
Hun luyn cho nhn s vn hnh v bo dng
Duyt bo hnh
CxA s nh gi cc ti liu xy dng m bo s tun th lin tc ca thit k i vi cc

yu cu ca ch u t. Ti thiu mt nh gi phi c thc hin trc khi hon thnh cc
ti liu xy dng.
193
CxA phi nh gi tt c cc h s c cung cp bi nh thu c lin quan n cc h thng,

trang thit b hay lp rp c bao gm trong bn k hoch Cx. Vic nh gi ny s thc hin
ng thi vi khu nh gi bi nhm thit k v ch u t.
Nhm Cx phi xc nhn vic lp t v hiu qu hot ng ca tt c cc h thng, trang thit

b v cc lp rp c ch nh trong bn k hoch Cx. Vic xc nhn s bao gm 3 bc:
Thanh tra lp t nhm m bo cc h thng c lp t theo ch nh ca k s,

kin trc s v cc ch dn ca nh cung cp.
Kim tra hiu qu hot ng nhm m bo cc h thng hot ng ng v nh

mong i. Kim tra hiu qu hot ng phi c thc hin sau khi cc h thng,
trang thit b v cc lp rp chun b kim duyt c lp t, tip ngun in, cn
bng v sn sng cho s dng. Hot ng kim tra s bao gm tt c cc giai on
theo trnh t vn hnh ca tng h thng, nh khi ng, tt, cng sut m-un,
ch khn cp, ch b li v phi hp vi cc h thng khc.
Thm nh kt qu nhm m bo cc h thng vn hnh theo ch nh.
CxA phi pht trin mt hng dn s dng h thng, hng dn ny s cung cp cho nhn
vin vn hnh trong tng lai nhng thng tin yu cu vn hnh n nh cc h thng
cng trnh. CxA ng thi s m bo cc quy trnh hun luyn c thc hin mt cch
thnh cng.
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Cc yu cu d n c ch u t ch nh
Mt bng lit k cc thit b c kim nh
Cc c s thit k hnh thnh bi nhm thit k
K hoch Cx c lp bi mt CxA c kinh nghim v c lp
Hp ng k kt gia khch hng v CxA trong c ghi r phm tr cng vic kim nh (cn
ghi r nu hp ng bao gm c vic kim nh sau khi vaanh hnh cng trnh hay khng)
194
Man-4 Duy Tu
Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch vic pht trin mt h thng duy tu ngn nga m bo rng cc h thng
cng trnh v trang thit b t c hiu qu vn hnh ti u
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Lp ra mt k hoch duy tu, ngn nga
Lp ra mt k hoch duy tu, ngn nga vi s tham gia ca i k thut trc khi
kim nh
Tng Quan
Duy Tu (Khon Qun L 4):
Mc ch quan trng ca vic duy tu l trnh hoc gim nh cc hu qu xy ra khi trang thit
b gp s c bng vic thng xuyn kim tra v bo dng thit b. Hot ng duy tu ngn nga
bao gm vic kim tra h thng, i tu mt phn hoc hon ton theo cc chu k nht nh, thay
th du, nht, lau dn, v.v.Ngoi ra, th sa cha c th ghi nhn v theo di vic trang thit b h
hng ch ng sa cha hay thay th cc b phn hng hc trc khi chng lm li h thng
v lm gin on hot ng ca cng trnh.
Bn k hoch duy t ngn nga quy nh vic bo dng do nhn vin sa cha m nhim nhm
duy tr cc trang thit b v tin ch trong iu kin vn hnh ti u.
Vic ny s yu cu vic c mt nhm chuyn trch ni b hoc cc nh thu duy tu c kinh
nghim. L tng nht l vic tuyn nhn s cu thnh mt nhm chuyn trch trc khi hon
tt qu trnh xy dng. Nh vy, nhm ny s c th c mt v tham gia vic lp t v kim duyt
ca tt c cc trang thit b m h s chu trch nhim khi vn hnh v bo dng sau ny. Vic
hun luyn c th do mt thnh vin ca nhm Cx cung cp do nhng thnh vin ny am hiu
tng tn v cc yu cu vn hnh v bo dng cng trnh.
195
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cung cp mt bn k hoch duy t bo dng ngn nga. D n c th c nhiu im hn nu
nh k hoch duy t ngn nga c s tham gia ng gp sm ca nhm k thut t giai on
thit k. Bn k hoch duy tu bo dng s bao gm cc thng tin ti thiu sau:
Bn lit k cc trang thit b c nhu cu bo dng
Thi gian biu cho vic bo dng tt c cc trang thit b lit k
Bn k hoch ch ra thi im tng hot ng bo dng phi c thc hin
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Cung cp mt th t ca ch cng trnh/ch u t v k hoch duy tu bo dng ngn

nga
196
Hng mc Sng kin khuyn khch d n tm ti nhng

gii php mang tnh sng to v giupas ci thin cng
trnh xanh hn na.
C tt c 8 im chung cho 2 Khon v s im thng

cho mi khon khng b hn ch.
Sng kin
Mc tiu ca Hng mc Sng kin l nhm thng im

cho nhng sng kin v cng ngh hoc tng, cng
nh khi cng trnh thc hin tt hn yu cu t ra.
Sng kin
Khon
Inn-1 Khuyn khch nhng
thnh tch ni bt
Inn-2 Sng kin Cng ngh /
tng
8 im
Tiu Ch
im
Biu hin vt yu cu
8
Sng kin v tng/cng ngh
198
Inn-1 Khuyn Khch Nhng Thnh Tch Ni Bt

Mc ch
Nhm khuyn khch cc biu hin vt tri, v ghi nhn cc d n mang li li ch cho mi trng
vt qua cc yu cu gt gao ca cng c LOTUS
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
im
Biu hin tt hn mt bc so vi mc yu cu cao nht ca LOTUS cho mt khon

-HOC-
1-8
Biu hin tt gp i so vi mc yu cu cao nht ca LOTUS cho mt khon
Tng Quan
Khuyn Khch Nhng Thnh Tch Ni Bt (Khon Sng Kin 1):
Cc khon o lng v nh gi ca LOTUS c lp ra phn nh nhng gii php c nhn
nhn l kh thi trong hon cnh th trng hin ti. Tuy nhin, nu mt sng kin bt k cho php
nhm thit k t c kt qu tt hn nhiu so vi mc yu cu cao nht th sng kin s
nhn c im thng.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cc khon sng kin c tnh im c lp khi vt yu cu ca mt khon ln mc tip theo
hoc gp i. V d:
Biu hin tt hn yu cu khon mt bc (v d, Khon Sinh thi 2):

-
Yu cu (Mc 1) Bo tn 40% lp t mt ca khu t
Yu cu (Mc 2) Bo tn 60% lp t mt ca khu t
Biu hin tt hn mt bc Bo tn 80% lp t mt ca khu t
Biu hin tt gp i yu cu cao nht ca khon (v d, Khon Nng lng 4):

199
Yu cu (Mc 1) COP ca thit b HVAC vt cc yu cu ca EEBC 10%
Yu cu (Mc 2) COP ca thit b HVAC vt cc yu cu EEBC 30%
Biu hin tt gp i COP ca thit b HVAC vt cc yu cu ca EEBC 60%
Tnh Ton
Tnh ton cho tng biu hin tt hn mc yu cu phi c thc hin tng t cch tnh ton
c ch nh trong khon tng ng.
Np H S
Giai on Thit K:
Cc d liu nh theo yu cu ca khon tng ng
Cc tnh ton chng minh vic tun th yu cu ca khon sng kin
Bo co ch ra cc bin php c s dng ci thin hot ng v vt qua cc yu cu ca

khon
200
Inn-2 Sng Kin Cng Ngh/ Tng

Mc ch
Nhm ng h cc cng ngh v/hoc tng m khng nm trong phm vi ca cng c nh gi
LOTUS hin ti
Yu Cu
Tiu Ch
Hnh thnh nn mt khon mu cho mt cng ngh hay gii php nm ngoi phm
vi ca LOTUS v vn m bo tun cc yu cu
im
1-8
Tng Quan
Sng Kin Cng Ngh/ Tng (Khon Sng Kin 2):
Mt h s din gii sng kin phi l mt bo co ngn gn, trong ch r bn cht v tm quan
trng v li ch mi trng ca cc sng kin xut.
Tip Cn & Thc Hnh

Cc khon sng kin c nh gi c lp. Phi cung cp cho VGBC mt khun mu khon tng
t nh cc khon sn c trong LOTUS v bao gm cc thng tin sau:
Mc ch
Yu cu
Tng quan
Tip cn v Thc hnh
Tnh ton
Np h s
201
Np H S
Giai on thit k:
Khung ca khon ch ra mc ch ca khon theo cc tiu chun ca LOTUS
Bn bo co ch ra cch t c cc yu cu ca khon
Np h s nh c ch nh trong Khon Sng Kin
202
Ph lc
nh chp l hnh nh th hin mt ngi hoc mt khung cnh c ghi li bng my nh.
ASHRAE - Hi k s nhit, lnh v iu ha khng kh (HVAC) M l mt t chc hi mang tnh k
thut quc t dnh cho tt c cc c nhn, v cc t chc quan tm n k thut si m, thng
gi, iu ha khng kh v lm lnh. Cc n phm ca hi bao gm s tay, tp ch cng nh hng
lot cc tiu chun v hng dn lin quan n HVAC. Cc tiu chun ny thng c trch dn
trong cc n phm tham kho/hng dn k thut v cng trnh xanh v c xem l ti liu
hng dn hu ch dnh cho cc k s t vn, cc nh thu c kh, cc kin trc s, cng nh cc
t chc chnh ph.
Bng nh lng (BOQ) Mt vn bn do k s nh lng cung cp, trong c chi tit v gi
thnh cng nhu s lng vt liu cn thit xy dng mt cng trnh ln. Mt bng nh lng
lit k ton b vt liu, cc phn, s cng (v gi thnh). N cng thng bao gm iu kin xy
dng/sa cha trong hp ng cng mi s cng lao ng cn thit, gip nh thu nh gi d
thu.
Bn v thit k cnh quan/cc mt bng l cc bn phc tho theo t l minh ha tt c nhng
c trng hoc cc tnh nng lin quan ca phn cnh quan cng trnh.
Bn v chi tit th hin mt phn nh ca cng trnh xy dng trn mt kh ln nhm trnh by
cch cc cu kin rp li vi nhau.
Bng thng s an ton ca cc vt liu (MSDS) l mt bng thng s bao gm cc s liu v mt
cht ha hc c th. N c s dng m bo s an ton cho khu vc lao ng bng cch
cung cp cho cng nhn v nhn vin cu h cc cch thc x l hoc lm vic vi cht mt
cch an ton, v bao gm thng tin nh c tnh vt l (im nng chy, im si, im bc
chy,), s c hi, cc nh hng sc khe, s cu, phn ng, lu tr, loi b, thit b bo h, v
cc quy trnh x l lng ri vi.
Bo co l mt dng ti liu thng c yu cu khi np h s xin cp chng nhn LOTUS,
trong din gii cch thc mt cu trc hoc mt h thng ca mt cng trnh tha mn cc
yu cu ca mt khon LOTUS nht nh.
Bo co Theo di l mt vn bn m t tc ng ca nhng gii php hoc h thng c th, khi
chng c trin khai trong d n.
Bo co thc vt ca khu t l mt bn bo co ngn lit k cc con s, cc c th v cc c
tnh khc ca tt c cc loi thc vt trn khu t d n. Vic np bo co ny, l mt trong nhng
iu kin tin quyt ca vic cp chng nhn LOTUS, v nhm chuyn gia LOTUS s cn c vo
quyt nh liu d n cng trnh c th np n xin xt duyt su hn vi cc chun xanh
LOTUS v liu rng k hoch bo tn/khi phc thm thc vt c ph hp hay khng.
B mt lt thm thu l ton b phn din tch cnh quan ca mt cng trnh c lt ph bng
cc vt liu xy dng cho php nc thm thu xung lp t bn di.
Bn ng k - l mt c nhn hoc t chc ng k xin cp Chng nhn LOTUS cho mt d n.
Bin bn cuc hp l mt vn bn ghi chp li cc hot ng t c tha thun trong qu
trnh hp.
203

Bin i kh hu - Trong cc thut ng hin i, bin i kh hu ch nhng bin i ca kh hu
Tri t ch yu xy ra do s gia tng bt thng ca nng kh nh knh trong bu kh quyn t
nhng hot ng ca con ngi.
Cc bn v - l cc bn v k thut 2 chiu ca mt khng gian hay mt vt th.
Cc cp tc ng thng thng ca p lc m (Ln.w) - o kh nng gim ting n ca cng
trnh xy dng trong nhng iu kin mi trng nht nh ca phng th nghim trn c s m
lng truyn n mt cn phng t mt my g.
Cc kh Nh knh (GHG) - Cc kh nh knh l nhng thnh phn dng kh ca kh quyn, bao gm
t nhin v nhn to, c kh nng hp th v pht ra bc x cc bc sng c th trong quang
ph ca bc x nhit hng ngoi pht ra t b mt tri t, bu khng kh, v my. c tnh ny
gy ra hiu ng nh knh. Hi nc (H2O), kh Cacbonic (CO2), nit xt (N2O), mtan (CH4) v zn
(O3) l nhng kh nh knh chnh trong bu kh quyn ca Tri t. (c nh ngha ti Ph lc
thut ng SYR IPCC AR4)
Cc khu vc s dng chung l nhng khng gian chung trong mt cng trnh/cng trnh thu
nhng khng dnh ring cho mt n v thu c th no, m c th c s dng bi tt c cc
n v thu v thng thng bao gm tt c mi ngi.
Cc tnh ton - l gii thch v tnh ton ton hc vi cc con s v nh lng. Cc tnh ton l
nhng yu cu thng thy nhiu khon trong cng c LOTUS chng minh mt cng trnh
t chun chng nhn LOTUS.
Cc vn bn u thu Cc vn bn c a ra cho cc nh thu xem xt khi d thu v da vo
cc nh thu s a ra cc phng n xy dng cng trnh. Cc vn bn ny c th bao gm
mt s cc ch dn cho nh thu, cc iu kin hp ng, cc chi tit v bn v cng trnh, cc vn
bo ti chnh, d ton thu v ghi r trch nhim ca nh thu. Giai on u thu cng l giai
on hu ht cc hng mc thit k c hon thnh v nhng vn bn hnh thnh trong giai
on ny l ti liu ch yu da vo nh thu a ra gi u thu.
Cng trnh bao gm cc cu trc xy dng mi c kt hp mt hoc nhiu h thng sau: h
thng si m, h thng lm mt, hoc h thng cung cp nc nng.
Chn lu n l mt thit b c s dng to nn cc iu kin cn thit ca mt mch in
(in p, cng dng in, v sng in) cho vic khi ng v vn hnh mt bng n in
t. H s chn lu (BF) l t l gia s lumen ca mt bng n thng mi c chn lu v s
lumen ca mt bng n tiu chun cng loi, c s dng hiu chnh s lumen cc bng
n pht ra t thng s c cng nhn v s lng tht.
Chiu sng t nhin Cng ngh hoc thit k gip tn dng chiu sng t nhin trong ta nh
nhm tit kim in nng. Mc d phng php ny gip tng chiu sng t nhin v gim in
nng dng trong chiu sng, nu qu nhiu bc x mt tri lt vo cng trnh s lm nng khng
gian trong nh v tng ti cho h thng iu ha.
Ch s cch m (Rw) o kh nng cch m ca mt cng trnh xy dng trong nhng iu kin
mi trng nht nh ca phng th nghim
Ch s hiu qu my lnh (COP) H thng lm lnh L t s gia nng sut lnh thu c so vi
tiu th in u vo trn cng mt n v o tnh cho ton b h thng lm lnh hoc thit b
204

lnh c lp rp ng b ti nh my, c kim tra theo tiu chun quc gia hoc theo iu
kin lm vic theo thit k. Gi tr COP tnh cho my iu ha khng kh lm mt ngng t bng
khng kh (chy in), bao gm my nn, dn bay hi, dn ngng t. Gi tr COP cho my sn xut
nc lnh hp khi khng bao gm cc bm nc lnh, nc lm mt ngng t v cc qut ca
thp lm mt.
Ch s non ti tng hp (IPLV) - Cn c hiu y l Ch s hiu qu nng lng non ti tng
hp c s dng o hiu sut ca my iu ha khng kh di nhiu iu kin a dng
ngha l, khi my ang hot ng mc 25%, 50%, 75% v 100% cng sut v cc nhit khc
nhau.
Ch s truyn nhit tng (OTTV) l tng lng nhit truyn vo cng trnh qua ton b din tch
b mt ca lp v cng trnh , bao gm c phn tng khng trong sut v ca knh. OTTV c
o bng W/m2. Mt cng trnh c dng my iu ha khng kh c gi tr OTTV cao s lm tng
mc ti ln h thng iu ha khng kh, v s tiu hao nhiu in nng hn lm mt. Mc tiu
ca vic lm gim tr OTTV l m bo cho cc lp v ca cng trnh c thit k mt cch
ph hp, t gim lng nhit hp th t bn ngoi v gim ti cc h thng iu ha.
Chuyn vin t vn LOTUS - gi tt l LOTUS AP l nhng ngi qua o to v vt qua k thi
v Cng c nh gi LOTUS (LOTUS Rating Tool). Khi c chng nhn, cc chuyn gia LOTUS
c cng nhn l c kh nng lm vic vi vai tr l ngun nhn lc bn trong hoc bn ngoi
ca mt d n LOTUS.
Chng nhn ca nh cung cp l mt h s do mt nh cung cp xc nhn cc thng s hin
hu ca mt sn phm, cng trnh hay h thng. Mc ch ca cc chng nhn t nh cung cp l
m bo rng vic s dng mt sn phm, cng trnh hoc h thng tha mn cc yu cu ca
ch cng trnh.
Din gii mc ch l mt bn din gii cc hot ng d nh hoc trong k hoch.
Din tch khng xy dng Din tch khu t khng bao gm din tch sn ca ta nh trn .
Din tch ny bao gm cc khng gian m cng nh cc din tch mt t cng, li vo, khu trng
gi xe v cc khu vc khng xy dng khc (Hnh G.1)
Din tch nhn to Din tch khu t chu nh hng trc tip bi hot ng xy dng, bao gm
xy dng ta nh, lt ph nn, xy dng ng i, bi trng gi xe v c cc c s khng nm
trong ta nh. (Hnh G.1)
Din tch - Trong mt cng trnh dn dng, din tch bao gm din tch bp n, phng sinh
hot chung/phng khch, phng n v phng lm vic.
Din tch sn vn Tt c din tch trong khu t xy dng v khng b lt/ph v c thc vt
sng trn (Hnh G.1)
Din tch s dng (NOA) l din tch m mt n v s dng c th phi tr tin thu theo hp
ng. Ni chung, y l khng gian sn thuc phm vi ca mt n v s dng ti tng tng, c
tnh t cc b mt hon thin bn trong ca cc bc tng c nh bn ngoi v cc bc tng c
nh bn trong nhng khng bao gm cc thnh phn nh ban cng v hng hin, cc khng
205

gian s dng chung, cc khng gian cao di 1,5 m, cc khu vc dch v v cc khng gian cng
cng v ng ph.
Din tch xy dng Din tch sn tng trt ca ta nh trong thit k c bao trong tng bao
v cc kt cu trn cng phn mng vi ta nh nh cc tng, hnh lang v ga-ra xe. (Hnh G.1)
a dng sinh hc - l thut ng ch s a dng ca tt c cc sinh vt sng (cy trng, ng vt, vi
sinh vt, v cc gien ca chng) trong cng h sinh thi. S a dng sinh hc thay i lin tc
di tc ng ca cc qu trnh tin ha, tuyt chng, suy gim mi trng sng, ...
i din bn ng k - i din bn ng k chu trch nhim cho ton b qu trnh np h s xin
cp giy chng nhn theo cng c nh gi LOTUS. Thng thng, mt Chuyn gia LOTUS s i
din cho bn ng k v lin h trc tip vi i din VGBC trong sut qu trnh nh gi cp
Chng Nhn LOTUS.
i din VGBC l ngi c ch nh trong giai on ng k v s l ngi i din chnh cho
VGBC lin h vi ngi i din ca n v np xt duyt trong sut thi gian thc hin d n.
nh gi Tc ng Mi trng (EIA) l mt bn nh gi chi tit v c gim nh thc t v
nhng nh hng tiu cc hoc tch cc c th m mt cng trnh s em li cho mi trng a
phng v ton cu.
c tnh k thut l mt bn s liu hoc c tnh k thut c s dng cho vic trao i k
thut, miu t cc c tnh k thut ca mt vt hay mt sn phm.Thng thng ti liu ny do
nh sn xut cng b, gip ngi mua la chn sn phm hoc s dng chng.
c tnh k thut ca sn phm l mt ti liu m t r cc thuc tnh tht (khng phi qung
co) hoc cc yu cu ca mt sn phm. Mc ch ca ti liu ny l m bo rng vic thit
k v lm ra mt sn phm t yu cu ca ngi s dng. Cc thuc tnh hoc cc yu cu c th
bao gm, nhng khng gii hn trong cc nh gi v nh lng vn hnh, kch thc, trng
lng, chi ph, nguyn liu cu to, thi gian tui th, cc vn v an ton, m cng nghip hoc
nh my hay cc s hiu c lin h vi sn phm, s lng v cc yu cu bo tr.
m ly, t ngp nc hay t ngp nc ven sng khu vc (t nhin v nhn to) b ngp
nc thng xuyn hoc nh k/theo t. Nc ngp c th l nc ng hoc nc dng, nc
l hay nc mn (k c khu vc ngp nc bin) vi su ngp nc lc chiu xung l 6 mt.
c coi l t ngp nc, khu vc phi c mt hoc mt vi tiu ch sau:
i.
Ti thiu l trong mt s k nht nh ca nm, din tch t phi nui dng cc

ng, thc vt thch nghi v ph thuc vo iu kin ngp nc ca vng t, t
nht l ti 1 giai on trong vng i ca chng, hoc
ii.
Phn ln tng t nn/t ci l t ngp trong nc trong mt khong thi gian
lu hnh thnh mt mi trng k kh cho cc lp trn, hoc
iii.
Tng t nn/ci khng phi l t v b ngp nc trong mt khong thi gian nht
nh.
Lu : Miu t trn khng bao gm din tch canh tc nng nghip ngp nc nh ng la nc.
t qua s dng l cc khu t vn c xy dng cho cc mc ch cng nghip v/hoc
thng mi ang b b hoang hoc khng c tn dng. C th s dng li nhng khu t ny,
tuy nhin vic m rng/xy dng li/ti s dng c th tr nn phc tp do nhiu ngun nhim
hin hu.
206
t hoang t tn ti di dng nguyn thy ca n v khng chu tc ng t cc hot ng

ca con ngi.
t trc - Nu che ph cho t ch chim di 40% din tch khu t th khu t c coi l
t trc v khng kh nng hn ch xi l t. Lp che ph cho t c th l bt k vt cht g
ph trn hoc hin din bn cnh mt t v bo v t khi tc ng xi l t gi hoc nc. Cc
vt liu nh si v phn c th che ph cho t mt cch hiu qu nhng cy c (lp che ph thc
vt) l loi lp che ph thng dng v quan trng nht ngay c khi cn sng hay kh ho.
iu kin tin quyt hoc iu kin tin quyt ca LOTUS ch cc yu cu thp nht cho tng
hng mc trong h thng nh gi LOTUS. C mt s iu kin tin quyt ring l v mt s iu
kin tin quyt c lin quan n cc khon trong LOTUS, nhng vi bt k l loi no, cc d n
ngh cp chng nhn LOTUS u bt buc phi t c tt c cc iu kin tin quyt ny trong
mi hng mc. Mi iu kin tin quyt c sp xp theo mt nh dng tiu chun, tng t
nh nh dng cc khon. Danh sch cc iu kin tin quyt (trong cun Tiu chun nh gi v
trong mi hng mc) c th hin phn u ca mi cun Ti liu hng dn k thut LOTUS
v mi hng mc bn trong.
phn chiu - l t l gia lng nh sng b phn chiu bi mt b mt v lng nh sng
chiu ln n.
ri l mt ca quang thng c trn mt b mt. N l thng s ca quang thng nhn
vi din tch ca b mt c chiu sng ng u.
n t hng (PO) l mt vn bn thng mi m ngi mua giao cho bn bn hng, trong
ghi r chng loi, s lng, gi c tha thun ca sn phm hoc dch v c giao dch. Khi ngi
mua gi cho ngi bn n ny, h to c s php l cho vic mua sn phm/dch v ca mnh
v vic nhn n chp nhn t pha bn bn hng.
n thng bo n thng bo do i din xin chng nhn np thng bo cho VGBC bit vic
khch hng sn sng cung cp ton b h s cn thit thm nh trc khi cp Chng nhn
LOTUS. n thng bo phi c np t nht 2 tun trc khi np cc h s chnh VGBC sp
xp thi gian thm nh d n.
Ecocharette Mt bc quan trng trc thit k. Cuc hp phi c s gp mt ca ch u t,
kin trc s v k s nhm cng nhau vch ra cc gii php v quyt nh cht lng ca d n.
Qu trnh ny m bo s thng nht kin v hnh ng ca ton b nhm thit k ngay trc
khi cng on thit k bt u, cng nh vic cc thnh vin ca nhm ny c hiu bit y v
cc bc ca qu trnh thit k.
EEBC (Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam i vi Cc cng trnh xy dng s dng nng lng c hiu
qu) - EEBC do B Xy Dng ban hnh v bt buc p dng ti Vit Nam nhm t c cc mc
tiu v tit kim nng lng.
Gi tr sinh thi gi tr sinh thi ca mt khu t l kh nng h tr s sng ca cc loi bn a
nh l mt phn ca h sinh thi. t c gi tr sinh thi cao thng l nhng vng t cn hoang
s, t nhin vi cc qun th sinh vt sinh sng ti .
Hng mc - Mt hng mc l mt nhm cc Khon c cng quan im v hng gii quyt i vi

cc tc ng mi trng.
207
H s Chiu sng l t l gia ri trong nh v ri ngang ton cu (tiu chun CIE) trong
iu kin tri c my che ph
H s che ph (SC) - l t l lng nhit hp th do bc x mt tri thng qua cc khong khng
gian ca s knh, c cc thit b che nng, so vi khi qua ca knh khng che. Thng s gi tr SC
thng c dng minh ha cho mt tnh cht trong kh nng dn/cch nhit ca mt n v
ca knh (tm knh hay ca s) trong mt cng trnh.
Hiu qu nhit l mt gi tr khng b chi phi bi kch thc xc nh hiu qu hot ng ca
mt thit b nhit nh mt ng c t trong. l t l gia lng nhit nng to ra c vi
lng nng lng cp vo. Hiu qu nhit ca cc my bm nhit v t lnh c o bng h s
thc hin (COP), xem nh ngha ca COP.
Ha n/bin lai l mt bng chng v vic mua hng m ngi bn a cho ngi mua.
Hi ng Thm nh (VGBC) l hi ng bao gm nhiu chuyn gia ca VGBC cng nh chuyn
gia t bn ngoi do qun l d n ca VGBC ng u. Hi ng c trch nhim thm nh bc
u v cng l chi tit nht ton b h s xin cp chng ch LOTUS ca cc d n. Kt qu thm
nh ca hi ng sau s c xem xt li bi Hi ng C vn K tht VGBC.
Hi ng C vn K thut (VGBC) H i ngctrchnhi mc v nv k thu t iv iqutrnhxt
duy t h s xin ch ngch LOTUS cngnh tonb qutrnh xyd ngv phttri ncngc .H i
ngbaog mccchuyngiatrongvngoiVGBCvctrchnhi mh
ngd ncngnh xtduy t
l ncu i iv iccquy t nhk thu tmVGBC ara.

Hi ng Qun l Rng Th gii (FSC) - FSC c thnh lp thc y hot ng qun l rng c
trch nhim trn ton th gii. Cc sn phm mang nhn FSC c chng nhn c lp nhm
m bo chng xut x t cc khu rng c qun l phc v nhu cu v x hi, kinh t v sinh
thi ca cc th h hin ti v tng lai.
Hp cht hu c d bay hi (VOC) l cc hp cht ha hc hu c c kh nng chuyn th thnh
dng kh nhit phng do c p sut bc hi cao. Mt s cht hu c d bay hi c hi cho sc
khe con ngi khi chng c nng cao trong cc khng gian km thng thong.
Hp ng l mt tha thun rng buc php l v cam kt gia hai hoc nhiu bn. Hp ng l
cc h s nhm m bo s an ton cho cc bn k kt bng vic xc lp cc tha thun c tnh
php l v rng buc ca c nhn v doanh nghip. Hp ng gip cc bn lin quan cng nh
bt k nh thu no tham gia hp ng hiu c cc iu khon ca bn tha thun cng nh
nhng quyn li v ngha v ca tng c nhn.
Hng dn vn hnh l mt ti liu ghi thi gian nu r mc ch ng dng ca mt thit b
hoc mt phng php v d tnh s lng s dng cng nh cc qu trnh vn hnh.
HVAC (H thng si m, thng gi v iu ha khng kh) L cc thit b, mng li phn phi,
v cc thit b u ra thc hin chc nng si m, thng gi, hoc iu ha khng kh cho cng
trnh.
ISO 14001:2004 l tiu chun quc t ch cc yu cu cho H thng qun l mi trng (EMS).
208

K hoch lp t l mt biu thi gian ghi ch vic lp t cc trang thit b ln u tin trong
cng trnh v ngy chng c a vo hot ng, theo ng trt t thi gian.
Khon - Mi khon (tng cng 86 khon) u c mt mc tiu c th, m nu mt d n tun theo
v t c, d n s t c cc im theo b Cng c nh gi LOTUS. Ngoi ra, mt s
khon i km cc iu kin tin quyt.
Khng gian cng cng Khng gian m mi ngi dn u c th tip cn v khng b gii hn
trong nhng ngi s dng cng trnh. C th c mt s lut l p dng cho khng gian nhng
khng ai phi ng ph s dng khng gian.
L ph chng nhn - L ph chng nhn ty thuc vo kch thc ca d n v l l ph ng mt
ln cho VGBC cho ton b qu trnh cp Chng nhn LOTUS tm thi cng nh Chng nhn
LOTUS chnh thc. L ph ny c qui nh trong Tha thun Chng nhn ca VGBC.
L Ca S l bt k khu vc no nh sng truyn qua c trn mt bc tng hoc mi. L ca
s bao gm vt liu trong sut (c th l knh hay nha), cc khung ca (cc khung ca knh
ngang, dc v cc thanh phn chia), cc thit b che nng bn ngoi, cc thit b che nng bn
trong, v cc thit b che nng c tch hp chung (nm gia cc lp knh)
Lumen (Lm) l n v SI ca quang thng. Theo cch o lng phng x, n c xc nh bng
nng lng bc x. Theo cch o lng quang hc, n l quang thng c pht ra trong mt
n v gc (mt steradian) bi mt im sng c cng sng ng u ca mt candela.
Lu lng khi nhit Cc vt liu c kh nng lu nhit do khi lng ring v cc din tch b
mt c kh nng lm nh hng n ti trng ca cng trnh bng cch lu gi v phng thch
nhit khi nhit bn trong/bn ngoi v cc iu kin bc x bin ng.
M s xc nhn cng trnh (PIN) - M s xc nhn cng trnh (PIN) l mt dy s gm 8 ch s duy
nht c cp giai on xc nhn ng k cng trnh. M s tham kho ny do ngi i din
n v ng k lu v s dng khi np h s cho VGBC.
Mt bng k thut l dng bn v kin trc c bn nht v th hin s sp t trong mt khng
gian bng hnh v mt chin bng ca khng gian . Bn v ny ging mt s nhng c th
hin nhng sp xp ca mt phn c th ca cng trnh. Hnh v mt chiu bng ny s bao gm
tng, ca s, ca ra vo v nhiu cc c im khc ca tng . Mt bng cho c khu t xy
dng l mt loi mt bng k thut c bit trong trnh by ton b cng trnh, ranh gii khu
t, ng vo v nhng cng trnh bn cnh c lin quan ti thit k.
Mt bng l t th hin tng din tch l t xy dng vi mt t l chnh xc tham kho (
xc nh cc kch thc v khong cch). Mt bng chi tit l t thng th hin, nhng khng
gii hn bi cc ng ranh gii t, cc v tr cng trnh, cnh quan, a hnh, thc vt, thot
nc, vng l, phn vng, cc tuyn ng/con ng, ng i b v nhiu c tnh khc ca l
t. (Hnh G.1)
Mt ct hay cn c gi l tit din, ch mt mt ct tng trng trn mt vt th
Mt t cng/(Hardscape)- l mt thut ng ch tt c cc b mt c lt vt liu trong din tch
cnh quang ca cng trnh, ni cc lp t phn trn khng c tip xc vi b mt thc ca Tri
t. Vt liu to nn lp mt t cng l vt liu xy dng, tri vi mt t mm ni trng thc vt
(Hnh G.1).
209

Mu in thng tin chung cho mi khon - Tt c cc Mu in thng tin chung cho cc khon
trong cng c LOTUS u c chung mt nh dng nht nh. i din VGBC s cung cp mu ny
cho i din bn ng k. Mu in thng tin chung cho mi khon l ti liu duy nht c php
s dng khi np cc ti liu chng minh trong qu trnh chng nhn.
Miu t h thng l mt ti liu miu t chc nng ca tng b phn trong mt h thng thng
nht.
M hnh c s - M hnh c s ca ta nh X s c tt c c im thit k v hng ca ta nh
(V d: hng, tng din tch sn, s ngi s dng, s tng, hnh dng, iu kin kh hu a
phng, s ngy hot ng...). Tuy nhin cc vt liu v thit b s dng trong m hnh c s l
nhng thit b trung bnh trn th trng, khc vi trng hp M hnh thit k khi cc gii php
xanh c p dng.
M hnh gi lp l s th hin bng trc quan cho s hnh thnh mt vt th bng cch s dng
mt chng trnh phn mm th hin cc tng tc v nhng kt qu ca cc thng s.
M hnh Thit k - l m hnh c a ra xem xt trong d n. Mc biu hin ca m hnh
thit k phi xanh hn so vi M hnh c s ca chnh ta nh .
Mi cht lnh - Mt cht lm lnh l mt hp cht c s dng trong chu trnh ha nhit, thc
hin mt chu trnh o ngc ca vic chuyn th cht kh ra cht lng trong mt qu trnh
chuyn ha nhit nng thnh c nng.
Mi trng sng L mi trng thin nhin trong mt sinh vt c th tn ti.
Mc chng nhn LOTUS Mc chng nhn LOTUS t c l kt qu cui cng cc d n nhn
c sau khi ton b h s xin chng nhn c i din VGBC thm nh. Mt d n c th
t c mt trong 3 mc chng nhn, l Chng nhn LOTUS, LOTUS Bc hoc LOTUS Vng trong
c 2 phn Chng nhn LOTUS tm thi v Chng nhn LOTUS chnh thc.
Nng lng ti to l nng lng c to ra t cc ngun (nng, gi, thy triu, ma v a
nhit), c th c ti to mt cch t nhin v lin tc.
Np n ng k Np n ng k l bc u tin ng k mt d n vi Hi ng Cng
Trnh Xanh Vit Nam (VGBC). Sau khi nhn c n ng k, Hi ng Cng Trnh Xanh Vit Nam
s tin hnh kim tra m bo tnh y v chnh xc ca cc thng tin lin quan, ng k d
n, ngh thanh ton ph ng k/Chng nhn v k kt Tha Thun Chng Nhn Tm Thi.
Np h s - Np h s l qu trnh theo tt c cc h s cn thit c cung cp cho ngi i
din ca VGBC thm nh.
Nc en - l nc thi cha cc cht thi ca con ngi/ng vt t cc nh v sinh v cn phi
x l trc khi ti s dng.
Nc sinh hot l nc c lc ti nh my v c cung cp n ta nh qua h thng nc
my thnh ph. Nc ny phi tiu chun cht lng c s dng phc v sinh hot hnh
ngy ca ngi dn (theo TCVN 5502:2003 Nc sinh hot Yu cu cht lng). LOTUS coi c
nc my v nc ngm l nc sinh hot.
Nc xm l nc thi c thu hi t cc h gia nh hoc cc cng trnh khng ln thc phm
hoc cht thi ca con ngi/ng vt.
210

Nhm thit k d n - Nhm thit k d n l mt nhm ch lc gm cc chuyn gia tham gia vo
vic thit k mt d n cn tch hp cc nguyn l v bn vng vo qu trnh thit k t c
im xin cp chng nhn.
nhim nh sng ch bt k nhng nh hng tiu cc no ca nh sng nhn to bao gm cc
qung sng trn bu tri, chi, nh sng lan ra ngoi, cc ngun nh sng trn ln, an xen nhau,
gim thiu kh nng quan st ban m, v lng ph nng lng (theo nh ngha ca The
International Dark-Sky Association IDA )
PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) th hin gi tr tin nghi nhit trung bnh (mc cm nhn nhit ca
c th) ca mt b phn ln con ngi sng trong mt mi trng nht nh. PMV c tnh bng
c ch truyn nhit vt l kt hp vi cm gic thc nghim. PMV thit lp mt s tng quan v
nhit da trn s truyn nhit n nh gia c th v mi trng, v t ra mt gi tr cm gic d
chu cho mi tng quan .
Phn np h s - Phn np h s ch ra chi tit tt c cc ti liu c VGBC yu cu thm nh
mt d n.
Phn tch cc thit k th ng l mt vn bn miu t cc th php v cc bc tin hnh
to nn mt thit k gim thiu nng lng tiu th ca mt cng trnh bng vic tn dng li th
v iu ha, thng gi v chiu sng t nhin.
Phn tch M hnh gi lp Kh ng hc (CFD) Mt m hnh gi lp k thut gip cho vic tnh
ton cc yu t kh ng hc nh nhit , dng nhit, tc gi v lung lu thng kh trong
cng trnh.
Ph ng k - Ph ng k l loi ph ng mt ln duy nht cho VGBC thc hin cc qu trnh
qun l v vic ng k cp chng nhn LOTUS v c qui nh trong Tha thun v chng nhn
ca VGBC.
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam (Viet Nam Construction Regulation/Building Code) l tt c cc
quy nh bt buc ng dng vo cc hot ng trong cng trnh, do cc c quan qun l nh nc
v xy dng ban hnh. (TCXDVN nh ngha ti iu 19 v 20, tp 3, Quy chun xy dng 26/2003/L-CTN ban hnh ngy 10/12/2003)
Ri phn chung Mt phng php nhm ngn chn si mn t mu l s dng mt lp phn
chung v ri u trn mt t. Lp phn phi c dy gi nc v gim s nh hng
ca ma, ng thi c th canh tc trc tip ln lp ny.
Rng c trng - Din tch rng c trng cho a phng, vng min v c nhng loi ng
thc vt tiu biu cho khu rng.
Sch Vit Nam l mt danh sch lit k cc loi ng thc vt qu him v c nguy c tit
chng Vit Nam. Cun sch c ngha quan trng trong vic bo tn a dng sinh thi v thin
nhin hoang d ca nc ta. Cc tiu ch ca cun sch ny c da theo cun Sch ca IUCN.
SCOP - L ch s hiu qu my lnh theo ma l t l gii nhit so vi lng nng lng cung cp,
cho mt h thng lm mt hon chnh hay cc trang thit b c lp rp trong nh my, trong
sut ma nng. l thng s COP trung bnh ca c ma nng.
S - l cc ha th hin cc thnh phn ca mt h thng qua cc k hiu.
211

Ti ch - l mt qu trnh trong vt liu qua ch tc thnh sn phm c thu gom li, ch
tc li mt ln na v c a tr li th trng di dng nguyn vt liu hay thnh phm.
Ti liu hng dn k thut LOTUS - l mt ti liu hng dn ngi s dng t c Chng
nhn LOTUS tm thi v Chng nhn LOTUS chnh thc. N cung cp cc hng dn v k thut
cho tt c cc khon trong LOTUS v gip ngi s dng hiu c mc ch, yu cu, hng tip
cn v cch thc hin, cc tnh ton v np h s.
Ti s dng l mt qu trnh trong vt liu qua ch tc c thu gom v a tr li th
trng m khng cn phi ch tc li thay i hnh dng hoc tnh nng.
Tm nhn thng ch mt ng thng tng tng t mt ngi s dng n cc vt th mun
quan st. Mt tm nhn thng trc tip ch mt ng nhn khng b che khut t mt ngi s
dng cng trnh ra cnh quan bn ngoi.
TCVN (Tiu chun Vit Nam) ch tt c cc h s k thut miu t cc nguyn l, hng dn hay
tnh cht/kt qu ca cc hot ng c ban hnh bi cc n v c thm quyn nhmti u ha
tnh hiu qu trong cc iu kin nht nh (25/2001 QD-BXD ban hnh ngy 4/9/2001). Vic ng
dng a phn cc tiu chun Vit Nam l da trn c s t nguyn ngoi tr cc tiu chun lin
quan n an ton tnh mng, an ton chy n, v sinh mi trng v cc ghi nhn v cc iu kin
mi trng. Tng cc tiu chun o lng Vit Nam chu trch nhim chnh trong vic ban hnh
cc tiu chun Vit Nam.
TCXD/TCXDVN (Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam) l tt c cc tiu chun Vit Nam trong lnh vc
xy dng v cng trnh, khng mang tnh bt buc nh b Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam hay Lut
xy dng.(TCXDVN nh ngha ti iu 19 v 20, Phn 3, Lut xy dng s26/2003/L-CTN ban hnh
ngy 10/12/2003)
Tim nng nng ln ton cu (GWP) L mt gi tr gn cho mt loi mi cht lnh da trn tnh
ton khoa hc ch ra kh nng ng gp vo qu trnh hm nng ton cu nu mi cht lnh ny
b pht tn vo khng kh. Tc ng ca kh CO2 i vi bu kh quyn c ly lm mc nh gi
v c gi tr l 1. GWP thng c o lng trong giai on 100 nm v ch s GWP ca mi cht
lnh cng thp th cng t gy hi n mi trng.
Tim nng suy gim tng Ozone (ODP) l mt gi tr c gn cho mt loi mi cht lnh da
trn cc o lng khoa hc ch ra kh nng tn ph ca mi cht lnh i vi tng ozone
nu c pht tn vo tng kh quyn. D liu tham kho c da trn nh hng ca cht lm
lnh R11, c thng s ODP quy nh l 1. Gi tr ODP cng nh th cht lm lnh cng t gy hi
n tng ozone v mi trng.
Tin ch - l cc b phn c sn xut trc v ch lp rp li sau .
Tin nghi nhit - l mt thut ng miu t cc iu kin mang li cho ngi s dng cng trnh
cm gic thoi mi vi mi trng xung quanh. Cc iu kin bao gm nhit khng kh, nhit
bc x, m, gi la, o qun v cc mc vn ng.
Ting n khng kh Loi ting n truyn qua khng kh, thng qua ng truyn dn trc tip
hoc li dn m t ngun m thanh n ngi nghe.
Ting n va chm - Ting n trong phng gy ra bi s va chm ca mt vt th ln tng hoc
sn nh.
212

Tiu chun ISO l nhng b tiu chun ca T chc quc t v tiu chun ha. Mc d ISO l mt
t chc phi chnh ph, cc tiu chun ca n thng tr thnh quy nh php lut thng qua cc
hip c quc t hoc tiu chun/quy chun quc gia v thng c tch hp trong cc ti liu
nh gi cng trnh xanh.
Tng Din tch Sn (GFA) Tng tt c din tch sn c che ph, kn hoc khng kn ca mt
cng trnh ti tt c cc tng. Trong mt s trng hp, nh ngha ny c th c hiu khc
nhau. Din tch bi xe khng c tnh vo GFA.
Thm canh - t nng nghip thm canh l t c s dng chuyn canh mt loi cy/con,
trong p dng cc bin php cy ba c kh, phn bn v thuc tr su ha hc. t thm canh
cn bao gm t chuyn cho chn nui gia sc. Bin php ny bao gm vic chn nui mt lng
ln gia sc trn mt din tch nh nn cn c cung cp mt lng thc n v nc ung ln
nhm duy tr trang tri. Cc hot ng chuyn canh s lm gim a dng sinh hc ca khu t, s
dng ti a ngun dinh dng t t v lm tng kh nng xi l cng nh nhim ca t v
ngun nc. T , hot ng ny gim gi tr sinh thi ca mt khu t.
Thit b nc hiu qu cao l cc thit b s dng nc nhng s dng t nc hon thnh
mt chc nng c thit k hn phn ln cc thit b trung bnh khc.
Thit k cnh quan l tt c cc hot ng nhm thay i cc c trng c th nhn thy ca khu
t xy dng.
Thit k cnh quan chng hn l mt phng php x l cnh quan gim thiu lng nc cung
cp. Phng php ny c khuyn khch s dng rng ri ti cc khu vc m vic tip cn nc
ngt b hn ch.
Thit k mt t cng l vic to cnh quan cho nhng b mt c lt vt liu xy dng nh
ng x, li i, khu phc hp kinh doanh ln, khu dn c v nhng khu cng nghip khc.
Tha thun chng nhn tm thi - Tha thun chng nhn tm thi c k kt trc giai on
Xc nhn ng k cng trnh v t ra cc gii hn v trch nhim php l i vi d n cho c hai
bn tham gia.
Tha thun v chng nhn ca VGBC l mt hp ng c tnh php l do n v np xt duyt
v VGBC cng k.
Thng gi l qu trnh cung cp hay loi b khng kh bng cc c ch t nhin hoc cc thit b
c kh n hoc ra khi mt khng gian. Lng khng kh c th c hoc khng c iu
ha.
Thng gi t nhin - Cng ngh hoc thit k gip tn dng thng gi t nhin trong ta nh
nhm tit kim in nng. Khc vi thng gi c kh, thng gi t nhin tn dng lung gi t
nhin v hin tng to gi do nhit ly khng kh mi vo trong cng trnh.
Thi gian vng m l mt khong thi gian m m thanh vn tn ti trong mt khng gian nht
nh sau khi ngun ngng pht m.
Vt liu d ti to Vt liu d ti to l vt liu c ngun gc c chu k sn sinh t hn 10 nm.
Vt liu khng nung l vt liu c kh nng ng cng t nhin khng cn qua qu trnh nung
nng m vn m bo nhng thng s vt l nh sc bn nn, sc bn un, thm thu nc...
Trong Quyt nh s 567/QD-TTg ban hnh ngy 28,thng 4 nm 2010, chnh ph chnh thc
213

h tr s pht trin ca cc loi vt liu khng nung nhm tng bc thay th gch nung truyn
thng, vn tiu tn nng lng v gy nhim mi trng.
V cng trnh - l kt cu bao bc cc khng gian c iu ha ca mt cng trnh m qua kt

cu s truyn nhit xy ra theo hai chiu vi khng gian bn ngoi hoc vi khng gian khng
c iu ha.
X l nhim Ch cc n lc trong vic gim thiu tc ng tiu cc ca nhng yu t gy
nhim i vi mi trng.
214
Hnh G.1 Hnh minh ha v cc din tch chc nng khc nhau trong khu t xy dng
215

LOTUS Residential Rating Tool Pilot - 04-10-2011 (VietNamese)

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LOTUS Residential Rating Tool Pilot - 04-10-2011 (VietNamese)

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Bin dch:

Hi vin sng lp:

Nhn chung v VGBC

Pht trin cc cng c nh gi cng trnh xanh (LOTUS)

To ra C s d liu xanh (cho sn phm v dch v)

Tip tc nghin cu v thch ng vi BKH cho mi trng xy dng

y mnh quan h vi gii nghin cu, chnh ph v nhng i tc t khu vc t nhn

Nhn chung v LOTUS

LOTUS bao gm mt nhm cc cng c nh gi mang tnh th trng nhm nh gi cc cng

LOTUS cho cng trnh phi nh (LOTUS NR)

LOTUS cho nh dn dng (LOTUS R)

LOTUS cho cc cng trnh s dng

Cng c LOTUS R - Khun kh v iu kin hp cch

c m t s i u Ki n Tin Quy t (KTQ) ho c Kho n nh t nh trong cng c

ccnnh cnh ngv nkhngth gipcngtrnh tyuc uc am ts KTQvKho nnh t

nh,thd ncth b quaccyuc unh ngph id

chophpd nb quam ts yuc utrongLOTUSs ch

cs ch pthu nc aH i ngC v nK thu tVGBC.

LOTUS Nh : Hng mc v Khon

Lut v Tiu chun c Bin dn trong Cng c LOTUS

Php ch v cc tiu chun

Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP v qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng

QCVN Cc Cng Trnh Xy Dng S Dng Nng Lng CHiu Qu - EEBC

dng trong xy dng

TCXDVN 306:2004 Nh v cng trnh cng cng Thng s Vi kh hu trong

Tiu chunAS 1668.2

TCVN 2737-2006 Ti trng v Tc ng

iu 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d, 21a, 23a

Biu . 1 H thng nh gi & Mc

Chng ch LOTUS bao gm mt qu trnh nh gi tnh thn thin mi trng mt d n xy dng

Chng ch LOTUS Tm thi

Chng ch LOTUS Chnh thc

Chng ch LOTUS tm thi

Chng ch LOTUS chnh thc

Khi mt d n xy dng ng k vi VGBC, d n th hin nh mun c cp chng ch LOTUS

Vi tt c cc cng trnh trong qu trnh chng nhn, tt c cc yu cu c chng nhn u

Khi nhn c n ng k, VGBC s kim tra nhm m bo n ng k cng cc loi giy t

c c hi gi thm/gi li nhng ti liu .

Tha Thun Chng Nhn Tm Thi trong lit k r tt c cc iu kin cn thit s c a

c hai bn, qu trnh ng k hon thnh. Bn ng k s nhn c M S D n (PIN) v tn

Chng ch LOTUS Tm thi

Nhm thit k d n s phi xc nh nhng mc chng nhn m h mun t c ngay t bc

Sau qu trnh ng k, Nhm thit k ca d n s phi chun b cc bng chng theo yu cu ca

Cui vng 2, mt chng ch LOTUS tm thi s c cp da trn s im sau nh gi v s c

Chng ch LOTUS chnh thc

thng tin chung cho

Cc c im ca d n c th nh hng n vic nh gi (v d: bn thit k cp

Tm tt nhng thch thc gp phi khi tp hp H s LOTUS

Cung cp bn sao cc trao i qua li gia i din bn ng k (bn d n) v i din

Mt b ti liu bao gm:

VGBC gi tt c cc thng tin chi tit c np di dng .PDF v nhng bn v quan

Thng tin Chung: Bao gm v d n v giai on np h s cho mi hng mc

Thng tin c bit: Ch in nu cn thit

Ti liu i km: Hon thnh bng theo cch sau

in tn chnh xc ca th mc in t trong phn Tn ti liu.

nh km ti liu di dng in t vo phn Lin kt ti liu bng cch nhn chut

in Ch dn phn tham kho hng dn ngi i din VGBC khi nh gi nhiu

Chng nhn LOTUS cho cc chuyn gia

Tin hnh phn tch thit k th ng

Gim 10% mc tiu th nng lng ton cng trnh so vi m hnh c

E-2 V cng trnh

OTTV ca cc kt cu tng v mi m bo yu cu ca EEBC

Din tch s dng (NOA) khng c iu ha phi c thng gi t

COP ca cc thit b iu ha phi t cc yu cu ca EEBC