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Method
Mean
1986-87
1987-88`
1988-89
Soil inoculation
52
55
42
49.66
Seed Inoculation
52
56
60
56.00
Radicle inoculation
100
95
90
95.00
Foliage Spray
60
58
57
58.33
a) Cotyledon method
65
64
69
66.00
64
64
69
63.66
Whole
immersion
5
seedling
Disc method
Only local lesions were observed
Differential
Line
198687
198788
198889
Reaction
to
Indian
isolate
RHA-272
2.00
0.56
0.90
RHA-273
0.80
0.83
0.43
RHA-274
0.00
0.00
0.00
RHA-801
0.00
0.00
0.00
RHA-265
0.66
0.56
0.83
Progress
58.66
63.33
60.00
R = Resistant; S = Susceptible
The progress cultivar is known to resistant to race -3, but it is susceptible to Indian isolate,
hence the Indian isolate does not belong to race -3. The cultivar RHA-265 is resistant to race 1 and susceptible to race -2 and 3. The same cultivar is also resistant to Indian isolate; hence
the Indian isolate could be race -1 category. A regular field screening programme for
sunflower lines is being conducted at Oilseeds Research Station, Latur (MS) to find out the
reaction of sunflower lines against DM under sick soil condition, since from 1988. Two DM
resistant hybrids viz., LDMRSH-1 (CMS-338-A x MRHA-2) and LDMRSH-3 (CMS-207-A x
MRHA-1), LSFH -35 (234 A x RHA-1-1), LSFH-171 (CMA-17A x RHA-1-1) developed at
Oilseeds Research Station, Latur have been released.
Disease management
The DM disease is seed, soil and air borne in nature, it is necessary to adopt various control
strategies like regulatory measures, cultural management, seed treatment and use of resistant
varieties etc. to combat the disease under field condition.
Chemical control
Seed treatment with fungicide like Apron 35 S. D. (Metalaxy fungicide) found very effective
for the control of DM disease. The efficiency of Apron 35 S.D. fungicide and they reported
that the fungicide is quite effective in reducing DM incidence under field conditions when
used @ 6 g / kg of seed. However, a new formulation Apron XL 35 ES- @ 3 ml / kg as seed
dresser has also been recommended (Shrishikar, 2005) (Table 3).
DM
(%)
BC ratio
Apron1 ml / kg
20.40
726
1.81
Apron 2 ml / kg
14.86
861
2.14
Apron 3 ml / kg
5.46
1106
2.74
Apron 6 ml / kg
8.56
1043
2.57
Control
85.5
263
0.65
SE
1.1
106
CD at 5 %
3.4
326
Host resistance
This includes use of resistant varieties (LDMRSH-1 and LDMRSH-3) to combat DM problem
(Patil et al 1992). Use of hybrid varieties should be encouraged sine they are found tolerant
compared to population. Similarly at Oilseeds Research Station, Latur many DM resistant
hybrids have been identified through screening in DM plot and based on yield potential and
DM resistance, ICAR has released such hybrids for the commercial cultivation (Shrishikar,
2005) (Table 4 ).
Table: 4 List of sunflower Downy mildew resistant / tolerant hybrid s identified by
ICAR varietal
release committee (2002- 15)
Name of
sunflower hybrids
/ variety
Year
Remarks
Sungene 8
1996
LS-11
1998
MSFH-47
2000
2003
SH-416
2003
DRSF-108
2003
Pro-009
(Prosun-09)
2004
RPO-011
2004
SCH-35
2004
XF-4132
2005
PAC-334
2008
LSFH-171
2012
CONCLUSION
The race identification studies of India isolate of Plasmopara halstedii confirms that it
belongs to race -1 (European race). The multiyear work carried out at ORS, Latur centre
under All India Coordinated Research Project on sunflower screened 5408 lines and identified
1075 disease free entries with high level of resistance to DM pathogen. This resulted into the
release of 15 sunflower hybrids and populations at national level. The identified resistance
sources have been effectively utilized in the introgression of the resistant genes from
identified sources for the improvement of parental lines. The centre has identified 14 parental
lines (8 CMS, 6 restorer lines) possessing downy mildew resistant (Pl genes). The center has
released three state level hybrids LDMRSH-1, LDMRSH-3 and LSFH-35 and LSFH-171 at
national level for commercial cultivation.
REFERENCES
1. Anonymous, 1985. Twenty first Annual Report kharif Oilseeds Workshop (DOR) ICAR, New
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