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Student, 2Professor, Department of E.C.E, RGM Autonomous of college Engineering & Technology, Andhra Pradesh,
India
faaruk.smd@gmail.com, ramana_2k5@rediffmail.com
Abstract
Robust reversible watermarking (RRW) methods are popular in multimedia for protecting copyright, while preserving intactness of
host images and providing robustness against unintentional attacks. Robust reversible watermarking (RRW) is used to protect the
copyrights and providing robustness against unintentional attacks. The past histogram rotation-based methods suffer from extremely
poor invisibility for watermarked images and limited robustness in extracting watermarks from the watermarked images destroyed by
unintentional attacks. This paper proposes a wavelet-domain statistical quantity histogram shifting and clustering (WSQH-SC)
method and Enhanced pixel-wise masking (EPWM). This method embeds a new watermark image and extraction procedures by
histogram shifting and clustering, which are important for improving robustness and reducing run-time complexity. It is possible
reversibility and invisibility. By using WSQH-SC methods reversibility, invisibility of watermarks can be achieved. The experimental
results show the comprehensive performance in terms of reversibility, robustness, invisibility, capacity and run-time complexity widely
applicable to different kinds of images.
Keywords: Integer wavelet transform, k-means clustering, masking, robust reversible watermarking (RRW)
----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
Reversible Watermarking (RW) methods [1] are used to
embed watermarks [2], e.g., secret information [3], into digital
media while preserving high intactness and good fidelity of
host media. It plays an important role in protecting copyright
and content of digital media for sensitive applications, e.g.,
medical and military images. The concept of reversible
watermark firstly appeared in the patent owned by Eastman
Kodak [4] Honsingex et al. [4] utilised a robust spatial
additive watermark combined with modulo additions to
achieve reversible data embedding. Goljan et al. [5] proposed
a two cycles flipping permutation to assign a watermarking bit
in each pixel group. Celik et al. [6] presented a high capacity,
reversible data-embedding algorithm with low distortion by
compressing quantization residues. Tian [7] presented a
reversible data embedding approach based on expanding the
pixel value difference between neighboring pixels, which will
not overflow or underflow after expansion. Thodi and
Rodrguez exploited the inherent correlation among the
neighboring pixels in an image region using a predictor. Xuan
et al. [8] embedded data into high-frequency coefficients of
integer wavelet transforms with the commanding technique,
and utilized histogram modification as a preprocessing step to
prevent overflow or underflow caused by the modification of
wavelet coefficients.
Reversible watermarking has found a huge surge of
experimentation in its domain in the past decade as the need of
recovering the original work image after extracting the
2. PROPOSED METHOD
The following steps are used to embed the watermark into
image.
Decompose image using 5/3 IWT and divide the subband HL into n non overlapping blocks with the size
of h w.
Compute the mean of wavelet coefficients (MWC)
histogram of all of the blocks and obtain Sk.
Perform EPWM to compute the watermark strength
For k = 1to m do
7 Embed the kth watermark bit bk with Sw
k = Sk + bk ;
End for
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256
I(i, j) - if I(i, j) 2t - 1 -
I' (i, j)
I(i, j) if I(i, j)
Sk
h 2 w2
1
(i, j )
Pk
(h 2) X ( w 2) i 2 j 2
i 1
j 1
i, j
M N JND
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257
Decomposed Image
s s
*
abs
s s
EPWM
3. QUALITY MEASUREMENT
PSNR is most commonly used to measure the quality of
reconstruction of lossy compression codecs. PSNR is most
easily defined via the mean squared error (MSE). Given a
noise-free mn monochrome image I and its noisy
approximation K, MSE is defined as:
MSE
1
mn
I i, j K i, j
m 1 n 1
i 0 j 0
MAX 2I
Watermarked Image
MAX I
20. log10
MSE
20. log10 MAX I 10 log10 MSE
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
MSE = 174.2140
PSNR = 25.7200
Original Image
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we have developed a novel yet pragmatic
framework for RRW. It includes carefully designed PIPA,
SQH shifting and clustering, and EPWM, each of which
handles a specific problem in RRW. PIPA preprocesses host
images by adjusting the pixels into a reliable range for
satisfactory reversibility. SQH shifting and clustering
constructs new watermark embedding and extraction
processes for good robustness and low run-time complexity.
EPWM precisely estimates the local sensitivity of HVS and
adaptively optimizes the watermark strength for a trade-off
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258
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BIOGRAPHIES
FAROOQ SHAIK MOHAMMAD received B.
Tech degree from SAFA Engineering College,
B.Thandarpadu, Kurnool (dist), Andhra
Pradesh in the year 2011 and currently pursing
M. Tech in Digital Systems & Computer
Electronics at RGM College of Engineering
and Technology, Nandyal, Kurnool (dist),
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