Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Common Mistakes Electrical Grounding and Bonding - JAIME V MENDOZA
Common Mistakes Electrical Grounding and Bonding - JAIME V MENDOZA
Common Mistakes in
Electrical Grounding
and Bonding
Jaime V. Mendoza, PEE, MTM
Member- Board of Electrical Engineering
member-Technical Committee, PEMCI
Chairman-Distribution Management Committee
Introduction
Why Electrical Grounding and Bonding?
The most controversial and misunderstood
concepts in the Code.
The most neglected subject by electrical
practitioners.
When improperly installed, it may results to
physical injuries, costly damage to electrical
facilities or even death to individual.
Each utility (power, telephone, cable TV) has
its own grounding electrodes.
Electrical Grounding and Bonding circuit
follows the basic laws of electricity.
BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Grounded Conductor
10
11
Phase A
Black
Black
Brown
Phase B
Red
Red
Orange
Blue
Yellow
Phase C
Neutral
Conductor
White
White with
red Stripe
Gray
Equipment
Grounding
Conductor
Green
Green
Green
12
Service Equipment
The necessary equipment, usually
consisting of a circuit breaker(s) or
switch(es) and fuse(s) and their
accessories, connected to the load end of
the of service conductors to a building or
other structure, or an otherwise
designated area, and intended to
constitute the main control and cutoff of
the supply.
13
Service
14
Service
Service-drop conductors
Service point
Service-entrance
conductors
Service
equipment
15
16
Existing Practice???
Panelboard Located in the
Kitchen Is this readily accessible?
Missing Service
Equipment
17
Service Equipment-Disconnecting
Means
18
19
20
21
Accessible, Readily
Accessible, Readily
22
23
24
Grounded Improperly
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Proper Grounding
PEC Art. 250.5.17
Lightning
Protection System.
The bonding of a
system grounding
electrode and a
lightning rod
grounding
electrode.
34
35
36
37
38
Potential Difference
39
Potential Difference
40
Potential Difference
41
Potential Difference
42
Grounded Improperly
43
Grounded Properly
44
45
Objectionable Current
If current is regularly flowing over
equipment grounding conductors, it would
be considered objectionable current as
covered in Sec. 2.50.1.6
It is intended that fault current will flow
over equipment grounding conductors
only while a ground fault exists.
46
47
Grounded Improperly
48
Grounded Improperly
49
Grounded Improperly
50
Grounded Improperly
51
Grounded Improperly
52
Grounded Improperly
53
Grounded Improperly
54
Grounded Improperly
55
Grounded Improperly
56
Receptacles
A. Tamper-Resistant Receptacles in
Dwellings Unit (NEC 2008 - 406.11)
Why do you think it is a tamperresistant receptacle?
57
Tamper-Resistant Receptacles
Insertion of an object in any one side does not open the shutter
(left), but a two-bladed plug or grounding plug compresses the
Spring and simultaneously opens both shutters (right)
BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
58
Electric Shock
Electric Shock
Severity
1. Path of Current
through Body
2. Length of Time
Current Flows
3. Amount of Current
through Body
59
Electric Shock
Current flow through body tissues delivers energy in the
form of heat. The magnitude of energy may be
approximated by
J = I2Rt
where J = energy, joules
I = current, amperes
60
ELCB!!!
61
62
240 V
load
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
New Provision
79
New Provision
2.10.1.8(b)(2) GFCI
Protection Other than
Dwelling
Commercial and
institutional kitchens
for the purposes of this
section, a kitchen is an
area with a sink and
permanent facilities for
food preparation and
cooking. (Culinary
Schools)
80
New Provision
2.10.1.8(b)(4) GFCI
Protection Other than
Dwelling
Outdoor in Public
Spaces for the
purpose of this section
a public space is
defined as any space
that is for use by, or is
accessible to the
public.
81
New Provision
2.10.1.8(c)Boat Hoists
GFCP for personnel
shall be provided for
outlets that supply
boat hoists installed in
dwelling unit locations
82
New Provision
2.10.1.8(b)(5) GFCI
Protection Other than
Dwelling
(5)Outdoor , where
installed to comply with
2.10.3.14 Heating, Airconditioning, and
Refrigeration Outlet
83
84
Introduction
Art. 6.95 contains many requirements to
keep that supply of water uninterrupted.
For example:
1. Locating the pump so as to minimize its
exposure to fire.
2. Ensuring that the fire pump and its jockey
pump have a reliable source of power.
3. It makes sense to keep fire pump wiring
independent.
85
Introduction
Other requirements seem wrong at first
glance, until you remember why the fire
pump is there in the first place.
For example:
1. The disconnect must be lockable in the
closed position.
2. Fire pumps power circuits cannot have
automatic protection against overload.
86
Introduction
Its better to run the fire pump
until its winding melt, than to save
the fire pump and lose the facility
And the intent of Article 6.95 is to
save the facility.
87
6.95.1.1 Scope
a) Covered
1) Electric power sources and interconnecting
circuits
2) Switching and control equipment dedicated
to fir pump drivers
b) Not Covered
1) The performance, maintenance, and
acceptance testing of the fire pump system,
and the internal wiring of the components
of the system
2) Pressure maintenance (jockey or makeup)
pumps
BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
88
89
90
91
92
93
2) Feeder Sources
BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
94
6.95.1.5 Transformers
Dedicated transformer and overcurrent
protection sizing can be broken down into
three requirements.
1. The transformer must be size to at least 125%
of the sum of the loads.
2. The transformer primary overcurrent device
must be at least a specified minimum size.
3. The transformer secondary must not contain any
overcurrent device whatsoever.
95
6.95.1.5 Transformers
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Email: jaimevmendoza@gmail.com