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Potential Energy
Potential Energy
Potential energy is energy that is stored in a system. There is the possibility, or potential, for it to
be converted to kinetic energy. Point particles with charge exert forces on each other. For
opposite charges, the force is attractive. For same charges, the force is repulsive. In both cases,
there is a potential energy related to the position of charges relative to each other. The unit of
electric charge is the Coulomb, C. Like all work and energy, the unit of potential energy is the
Joule (J), where 1 J = 1 kg m2/s2 .
U = -215.8 Nm
U = -215.8 J
The potential energy of this configuration is -215.8 Joules. Potential energy is always defined
with reference to some position where U = 0. For this formula, the position with U = 0 is at
infinite distance, so a negative sign means that these charges will move away from infinity if
allowed to move freely, and therefore toward each other.
2) Two charged particles are a distance r apart. One of these particles has a charge of -5.0 C,
and the other has a charge of -1.80 C. If the potential energy between them is U = +27.0 J, what
is the distance between these particles?
Answer: The potential energy equation can be rearranged to solve for r:
The charges are given in terms of micro-Coulombs (C): 1.0 C = 1.0 x 10-6 C. The charges
need to be converted to the correct units before solving the equation:
r = 0.0030 m
r = 3.0 mm
The distance between these particles is 3.0 mm.