Simple

Present Tense
POLA 1:
(+) S + V1 (s/es) + O + Ket
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 + O + Ket
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + O + Ket +?
Contoh:
Olivia likes red roses, she spends a lot of time in her garden.
Does she work in the garden every day? Yes she does.
1. Positive
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
ali

work
in the bank
works

2. Negative
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
ali

dont work
in the bank
doesnt work

3. Interogative

Do

Doe
s

I
You
We
The
y
He
She
It
Ali

Yes, you do
Yes, I do
Yes, we do
Yes, they do

No, you dont

No, I dont
No, we dont
No, they dont

Yes, he does
Yes, she does
Yes, it does
Yes Ali does

No, he doesnt
No, she doesnt
No, it doesnt
No, Ali doesnt

In the bank?

Penambahan s atau es

Pada umumnya kata kerja di tambah dengan akhiran "s"

atau es jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal (the third
person singular he/she/it/Ali).

Kata kerja yang berakhiran ss, -sh, -ch, -x dan o

ditambah dengan es.
Miss misses, finish finishes, watch watches, mix
mixes, go goes.

Kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan konsonan + y, y di

ganti i ditambah es.
Study studies, cry cries.

Kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan vocal + y, ditambah s

Play plays.

POLA 2
(+) S + Tobe (am, is, are) + C
(-) S + Tobe + not + C
(?) Tobe + S + C
Contoh:
I am teacher
You are very happy
She is beautiful

I
You
We
They
He
She
It
Ali

am
are

is

Fungsi:
1. Untuk menyatakan kebiasaan (habitual action) atau
kegiatan yang terjadi berulang-ulang dan atau terus
menerus.
- My sister lives in Cirebon
- I go running three times a week
2. Menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth)
- The sun rises in the east
- The eart revolves around the sun.
Keterangan Waktu:
-

Every.. (day, week, month, Sunday, dst)

On.(Sunday, Monday)
Usually, never, ever, always, sometimes, seldom, dst.

Exercise 1.
Write the third person singular of the verbs in the list in the
correct box.
dance, brush, open, fix, buy, put, kiss, like, dry, go, catch,
wash, sit, fly, copy, teach, play, pass, begin, say.
-s
dances

-es
brushes

-ies
tries

Exercise 2
1. Diane (wash)..her hair every other day or so.
2. Kathy (sit, usually)in the ront row during class.
3. (You, lock, always)..the door
to your apartment when you leave.
4. Every morning, the sun (shine)..in my bedroom
window.
5. My roommate usually (not, watch)..televesion in
the morning.

Exercise 4
Change the following sentences into negative!
1. The man comes here just to take this letter.
2. One of my brothers works for Bank of America in Jakarta.
3. He makes his weekly report regularly.
4. My manager always spends a lot of money on books every
5. month.
6. The cashier goes to the bank to cash the cheque.
Change the following sentences into interrogative!
1. The man withdraws some money from his account once a
week.
1. One of the men wants to see our manager this afternoon.
2. Some of them always finish their work on time.
3. My friend teaches English twice a week.
4. We always start work at 8 o'clock every morning.
Exercise 3
Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present.
This restaurant is called Pawon. Ten people ...(work)
here. Gendis Kinar (be) the owner. She(go) to the
restaurant at four oclock in the afternoon. The waiters ..
(arrive) at half past four. They (set) the tables and ..
(tidy) the kitchen. The chef, Arjuna, (come) at five
oclock. He(prepare) the food for the evening. The
restaurant.(open) at six oclock. Many people. (eat)
here because the food (be) very good. The restaurant
(close) at one oclock in the morning, and at half past one
Gendis, the chef and the waiters.(go) home.

Simple
Present Continouse Tense
POLA:
(+) S + Tobe (am, is, are) + Ving + O + Ket
(-) S + Tobe + not + Ving + O + Ket
(?) Tobe + S + Ving + O + Ket
Contoh:
- I am studying English now
- We are playing football at this moment
1. Positive
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
ali

am
are
Working

In the office now

is

2. Negative
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
ali

am not
arent
working
Isnt

In the office now

3. Interogative
Am
Are

Is

I
You
We
They
He
She
It
Ali

Working in the
office now ?

Yes, you are

Yes, I am
Yes, we are
Yes, they are
Yes, he is
Yes, she is
Yes, it is
Yes Ali is

No, you arent

No, I am not
No, we arent
No, they arent
No, he isnt
No, she isnt
No, it isnt
No, Ali isnt

Fungsi:
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung
sekarang (now) atau sekitar waktu pembicaraan (around the
time of speaking)
Keterangan Waktu:
Now, at present, at this moment

Exercies 1
Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in
brackets.
1 The train to Glasgow.......(leave) from platform 8.
2 I ........(begin) to understand the Present Continouse
now.
3 Sue.........(work) tonight.
4 Listen! The telephone ..........(ring)
5 Ms. Johnson.........(see) a customer at 3 oclock)
6 My dad ................ (not have) his lunch now.
7 The kids................(not have) his lunch now.
8 It............(not rain) today.
9 I........(not study) German.
10 We.......(not go) to Egypt on summer holiday.
11 ........... (it start) to rain?

12 ...........(Sue study) to become a doctor?

13 ...........(you take) your daughter with you?
14 ...........(the dog play) with the kids?
15 ............. (they come) tonight
16 What company .......(you work) for?
17 What class .......(the study) in?
18 Who.......(John shake) hands with?
19 What time........(your friends come)?
20 What country..........(they visit) at the moment?
Exercies 2
Change the following sentences into negative!
1. My accountant is calculating the total expenses we
need.
2. My little sister is returning the books to the library.
3. The guests are having lunch with my supervisor.
4. John is paying the food he ordered.
5. My supervisor is still training some new employees
in the training room.
Exercies 3
Change the following sentences into interrogative!
1. She is doing something in the meeting room.
2. The investors are calling all mechanical staffs in
London.
3. Billy is reporting to his boss in the head office.

4. Brenda is recording all today's transactions.

5. The receptionists are still talking to one of my guests
Exercies 4
Simple present vs. present progressive. Directions: Use
either the simple present or the present progressive of
the verbs in parentheses.
1. Diane can't come to the phone because she
(wash)______ is washing_____ her hair.
2. Diane (wash)__________________her hair every
other day or so.
3. Kathy (sit, usually) _________________in the front
row during class, but today she (sit) ___________in
the last row.
6. Please be quiet. I (try) ____________________ to
concentrate.
7. (you, lock, always) __________________ the door to
your apartment when you leave?
8. I wrote to my friend last week. She hasn't answered
my letter yet. I (wait, still) __________________ for
a reply.
9. After six days of rain, I'm glad that the sun (shine)
____________again today.
10. Every morning, the sun (shine) ________________
in my bedroom window and (wake) ________ me up.
9. A: Look! It (snow________________________
B: It's beautiful! This is the first time I've ever seen
snow. It (snow, not) ___________________ in my
country.
10. A: Close your eyes. Now listen carefully. What (I,
do) ______________?
B: You (rub____________________the top of your
desk with your hand.
A: Close, but not exactly right. Try again.

B: Aha! You (rub) _______________________your

hands together.
A: Right!

Simple
Present Perfect Tense
POLA:
(+) S + have/hes + V3 + O + Ket
(-) S + have/has + not + V3 + O + Ket
(?) Have/has + S + V3 + O + Ket
Contoh:
- I have studied here for two hours
- We have played football at this moment
1. Positive
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
ali
2. Negative

have
worked
has

In the office since 2003

I
You
We
They
He
She
It
ali

havent
worked

In the office since 2003

hasnt

3. Interogative
Have

Has

I
you
we
they
he
she
it
Ali

worked in the
office since
2003 ?

Yes, you have

Yes, I have
Yes, we have
Yes, they have
Yes, he has
Yes, she has
Yes, it has
Yes Ali has

No, you havent

No, havent
No, we havent
No, they havent
No, he hasnt
No, she hasnt
No, it hasnt
No, Ali hasnt

Fungsi:
1 Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu
kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu lampau
dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang.
Contoh:
We have occupied this house for seven years.
My brother has studied English for seven months.
2

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan

suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu
lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu
sekarang atau akibatnya dapat dilihat/dirasakan
sekarang.
Contoh :
My father has bought a new car.

Brenda has passed from senior high school.

Present perfect tense juga digunakan dengan "this

morning, this afternoon, today, this week, this
month, this year" untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu
kejadian atau perbuatan telah dilakukan berulang
kali.
Contoh:
I have tried to contact him three times today.
She has visited this country twice this month.

Keterangan Waktu:
- Since, already,
- For a.(day, month, year, dst)
- Since.(two ours ago, 2000, dst
- For.(two hours, three days, dst).

Exercies 1
Put the following sentences into Present Perfect Tense.
Use the words in parentheses!
1. They .. (complete) the new building.
2. Father . (buy) a new car for his son.
3. My secretary.(post) the letters.
4. Mr. Smith . (sell) one of his cars.
5. I believe that they (transfer) the money.
6. We.(not be) there since we were young.
7. She.(drive) the same car for fifteen
years.
8. I.(know) them for many years.
9. I saw her in May, but..(not see) her
since.
10. I..(not write) to Marco since 2002.
Exercies 2
Put the following sentences into negative!

1. She has finished typing all the reports.

2. Our translators have translated this novel into
Indonesian.
3. All of them have left the tiny village.
4. One of my classmates has just celebrated her
birthday.
5. They have abandoned the burning ship.

Exercies 3
Put the following sentences into interrogative!
1. I have contacted his manager three times today.
2. They have printed this best seller novel three times
this year.
3. We have occupied this new house for two months.
4. My sister has visited our grandfather at this village
many times.
5. This old city has changed a lot since I left it thirty
years ago.

Simple
Past Tense
POLA:
(+) S + V2 + O + Ket
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + Ket
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + Ket
Contoh:
- Rinto went to Australia last year
- Maria did her work last night.
1. Positive
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
Ali
2. Negative

went

to Australia last month

I
You
We
They
He
She
It
ali

didnt

go to Australia last month

3. Interogative

Did

I
you
we
they
he
she
it
Ali

go to
Australia last
month

Yes, you did

Yes, I did
Yes, we did
Yes, they did
Yes, he did
Yes, she did
Yes, it did
Yes Ali did

No, you didnt

No, didnt
No, we didnt
No, they didnt
No, he didnt
No, she didnt
No, it didnt
No, Ali h didnt

Fungsi:
Simple past tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu
kejadian, peristiwa atau keadaan yang terjadi pada waktu
lampau.
Contoh:
The children enjoyed the party last night.
His father died when he was ten years old. .
Keterangan Waktu:
- Yesterday
- Last .(week, year, mont, day, dst)

Exercies 1
Put the following sentences into simple past tense. Use
the verbs in parentheses!

1. They . (use) this room to discuss their

plans last night.
2. The man .. (reserve) two double rooms
last week.
3. Mr. Brown (return) from England last
week.
4. My brother . (apply) for a job last month and
he was accepted.
5. They .(finish) work at 5.50 yesterday
afternoon.
6. She .(take) the stamps from my drawer
yesterday morning.
7. They .. (spend) the night at one of my friend's
last night.
8. My secretary . (bring) all the books home last
week.
9. A friend of mine . (get) a job here a month
ago.
10. My boss (give) me a good dictionary for
my birthday present.
Change the following sentences into Interrogative and
negative form!
1. He promised to take me home last night.
2. Jane stopped working because she had got a better
job.
3. She often had lunch late because she was very busy.
4. My sister took a bus because her driver was ill.
5. She went home late because she had to work
overtime.