Literature Reviews

Name: Anish Kumar

Proposed Title: High performance polymer blends and its nanocomposites.
1. Bautista-Quijano, Polymer 82 (2016), Strain sensing, electrical and
mechanical properties of PC/MWCNT monofilament fibers fabricated by melt
spinning.
In this study PC/MWCNT composite were prepared by melt mixing process
and then melt spun to monofilament fibres. The different properties of fibres
were evacuated as a function of the MWCNT weight concentration which was
varied up to 6 wt%. There is decrease in electrical resistivity for MWCNT
concentration of 2 wt%. Decreased spinnability was observed for fibres with
MWCNT concentration above 4wt%. It was found that it is not possible to
produce fibre with loadings of MWCNT higher than 5 wt% and DDR values
higher than 4.83.
2. Yanyan Liang, Polymer 91 (2016), Reactive polycarbonate/ diallyl
phthalate blends with high optical transparency, good flowability and high
mechanical properties.
The blend of Bisphenol-A polycarbonate (BAPC) and reactive plasticizer of
diallyl phthalate (DAP) were studied before and after polymerization of DAP
using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as thermal initiator. Compared to pure BAPC,
the BAPC/pol (DAP) blends with 10-15 wt% of poly(DAP) had good
performance, including similar glass transition temperature, tensile strength
and ~80% of optical transmittance in the wavelength range of 600-800 nm.
PC is difficult to be processed due to the high melt viscosity. This study
provides a facile strategy to realize the easy processing for intractable

polymers and to maintain, even to enhance the high performances of the

original polymer.
3. Fouad Laoutid et. al., Polymer Degradation and Stability, (2015),
Investigation of the alumina nanoparticle role in the enhancement of the
mechanical properties of polyamide/polycarbonate blends.
In this work alumina nanoparticles has been used in PA6/PC blend and the
effects of alumina has been investigated by the author. PA6/PC blend
comprising 20 wt% of PA6 showed ductile mechanical behaviour with an
ultimate elongation close to 50%. The incorporation of 20 wt% of PC into PA6
led to a drastic decrease of the strain at break (3%). The incorporation of 5
wt%

of

the

alumina

nanoparticles,

whatever

their

surface

nature,

significantly improved the tensile properties of the blends including an

important increase in the elongation at break upto 88%, when 5 wt% of
hydrophilic alumina is used. Alumina nanoparticles proved to behave as
protective agents for both PA6 and PC phases within the nanocomposite
materials. Depending on the interracial tension between the nanoparticles
and polymer phases, hydrophobic pyrogenic silica nanoparticles have been
shown to be located at the interface and to form a rigid mechanical barrier
that limits the coalensce of nodules. Untreated nanosilics i.e. hydrophilic
silica nanoparticles, were located in polar matrix for which they exhibited the
strongest affinity.
4. Wen-ning MU et. al., Transactions in Nonferrous Materials, (2015),
Preparation, formation mechanism and mechanical properties of multiplayer
TiO2 - organic nanocomposite film.

In this work TiO2 organic multiplayered nanocomposite films were

deposited on a self-assembled nanolayer coated silicon substrates based on
layer by layer technique and chemical bath deposition method by a
hydrolysis of TiCl4 in an acid aqueous solution. The principal mechanism of
the nucleation and growth of titanium dioxide thin film is homogeneous
nucleation and the surface of single layer film is flat, dense and continuous,
the surface roughness of films increases considerably from 2.76 to 6.99 nm
when the layer number increases from 2 to 8. Mechanical nanoidentation
testing shows a significant increase in hardness and fracture toughness of
the multilayered structures compared to single layered TiO2 thin film. When
layer number is 8, the hardness and fracture toughness can be up to 11.77
GPa and 1.79 MPa.m respectively.
5. Yingjie Xu, International Journal of Impact Engineering (2015), Predicting
the low velocity impact behaviour of polycarbonate: influence of thermal
history during injection moulding.
In this study the impact behaviour and mechanical behaviour of PC at low
velocity processing has been investigated. An integrated methodology
consisting of prediction of the processing induced yield stress and finite
element simulation of the impact behaviour is proposed. During the injection
moulding, the yield stress is evaluated directly from the temperature history.
FES for notched Izod impact test is conducted to analyse the impact
behaviour of PC specimens with different thermal history.
6. Raheleh Heidar Pour at. al., Polymer Degradation and Stability (2015),
Flammability and thermal properties of polycarbonate/ ABS nanocomposites
reinforced with multiplayer graphene.

The author has study PC/ABS of 70/30 wt% with 0-5 wt% of multiplayer
graphene particle fabricated using melt extrusion process. Cone calorimeter,
limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL94 flame rating tests revealed that
addition of GNP to PC/ABS significantly improved the flame retardancy of
PC/ABS/GNP nanocomposites. TGA analysis showed that GNP incorporation
enhanced the thermal stability. SEM revealed unidirectionally alignment of
GNP in the PC/ABS parallel to the surface of the nanocomposites.
7. B. B. Zhang et. al., Applied Surface Science (2015), Surface modification
of carbon black for the reinforcement of polycarbonate/ABS blends.
This work has been done to fabricate the PC/ABS blend with modified
surface carbon black. The surface of carbon was modified by oxygen plasma
treatment for different times vs. 10, 20 and 30 minutes. In order to increase
the applicability of carbon black, functional groups were grafted on the
generally inert surface of carbon black using oxygen plasma. The surface
compositional changes were investigated. The composition of different
materials are as follow:
PC/ABS blend - 7:3 wt%, PC/ABS/CB - 3, 6, 9, 12 wt%.
SEM images showed that the plasma treated CB had a better dispersion in
the blend.
8. Aneta - Wozniak- Braszak et. al., European Polymer Journal (2015),
Characterization of poly(ethylene 2.6-naphthalate)/PC blends by DSC, NMR
off - resonance and DMTA method.
In this study, the PEN/PC blends of 50/50 wt% were prepared. One mixture
was sythesized without the compatibilzer and the second with SMAC
(Samarium

acetylacetone

hydrate).

The

significant

improvement

of

mechanical properties in comparison to the PEN and the PC pure compound

has been noted only for PEN/PC blends rich in PEN. The worst mechanical
parameters were noted for PC/PEN blend proportion equal to 50/50 wt. The
smallest elongation, tensile strength and the energy to tensile failure has
been observed in this wt. ratio.
This work assessed the influence of SMAC compatibilizer on adhesion
between the PEN and the PC in same weight ratio.
9. Xiang Gao et. al., Polymer, 84 (2016), Ultrasonic treatment of PC/CNT
composite.
Ultrasonically added twin screw extruder was used to prepare PC/CNTs
composites. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on different properties of
PC/CNTs nanocomposites has been investigated. The incorporation of CNT in
PC was 0.2 - 1.5 wt%. Different wt% of CNTs was used for different
properties. Specially, the electrical percolation threshold of LCP/CNTs. There
was an improvement in mechanical property ( including the Young's modulus
and elongation at break) of PC/CNTs composite after ultrasonic treatment at
an amplitude of 13 m.
10. Ningjing Wu et. al., Polymer Degradation and Stability, 123, (2016),
Flame

retardancy

and

toughness

modification

of

flame

retardant

PC/ABS/AHP composites.
In this study, authors employed aluminium hypophosphate (AHP) as a fire
retardent and ethylene-acrylic ester-glycidyl methacrylate (EMA) as a
modifier agent in order to improve the compatibility of the PC and ABS and
AHP particles. The weight ratio of PC/ABS is 50/50. The FR PC/ ABS
composites showed good flame retardancy from no vertical rating for
PC/ABS, to V-0 rating for FR PC/ ABS containing 15 wt% AHP. PC/ABS/15wt%
AHP/6 wt% EMA composite was more efficient in decreasing the peak heat

release rate (PHRR). With the addition of 6wt% of EMA, the elongation yield
at break of the FR PC/ ABS composite increased by 6.7 times compared to
that of PC/ABS/AHP composite; and the notched impact strength and
unnotched strength improved by 250% and 710% respectively. The LOI of
PC/ABS composite with 15 wt% of AHP increased to 26%. However, the
elongation yield at break and impact strength of the FR PC/ABS composite
drastically decreased with the increase in AHP content, with incorporation of
small amount of EMA copolymer. The toughness of composite could be
efficiently improved.