Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BENSON Boilers
Proven a Thousand Times Over
Siemens and
BENSON boilers
In 1922, Mark Benson submitted a patent application
for Generating Steam with
any Pressure marking the
birth of the once-through
boiler. Based on the concept
developed by Mark Benson,
Siemens continued to develop
this type of boiler in the midtwenties while retaining the
name BENSON boiler. It was
recognized that a once-through
evaporator could be operated
at both subcritical and supercritical pressure.
Principle:
Water is preheated and evap-
at subcritical or supercritical
pressures.
Principle
Natural circulation
(Drum)
Once-through
(BENSON)
Superheater
Evaporator
Operating pressure
vertical
spiral or vertical
F99/03.53.01
Economizer
BENSON Boilers
for Low Life-Cycle Costs
at part load
Suitable for all coal grades
Licensees
Austria
Denmark
FLS milj
(Burmeister & Wain Energi)
Germany
Great Britain
India
Bharat Heavy
Electricals Ltd. (BHEL)
Italy
Ansaldo
Japan
Babcock-Hitachi
Kawasaki Heavy Industries
USA
F99/03.53.26
BENSON Boiler
Suitable for Every Fuel
Tangential
Lignite
930 MW
Front
Bit.coal
320 MW
Opposed
Corner
Bit.coal
1400 MW
Bit.coal
400 MW
Four wall
Slag tap
Down shot
Bit.coal
Anthracite Anthracite
400 MW
770 MW
350 MW
F99/03.53.06
Two-pass
walls
Lignite:
independent of furnace
surfaces by ash
Anthracite:
The two main configurations for the BENSON boiler to date are the single-pass and
two-pass design
200,000
kg/s
160,000
140,000
Lignite
Oil or gas
Combined cycle
120,000
Nuclear
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1946
1956
1966
1976
1986
1996
1998
BENSON boilers are suitable for all fossil fuels as well as for nuclear power plants.
More than 1,000 BENSON boilers have been built to date.Their cumulative steam
output of 200,000 kg/s corresponds to a power plant output of roughly 220,000 MW.
Drum water level is used for controlling the feedwater flow in a drum boiler, while
temperature or enthalpy downstream of the evaporator are used in a BENSON boiler.
set
Enthalpy
computer
hset
Pelset
Pelactual
pressure set
F99/03.53.12
The proven control principles for steam boilers also hold for BENSON boilers.
Measured values on the water/steam side influence feedwater control, while those
from generator output and steam pressure are used to generate the setpoint for
fuel control.
10
Nordjyllandsvaerket
power plant, Denmark
11
Startup
Low Losses and Low Thermal Stresses
12
Enthalpy
F99/03.53.16
Superheating
80
60
Critical
pressure
Evaporation
40
Load
20
Boiler inlet
Preheating
0
40
60
80
% 100
Load
The fractions for preheat, evaporation and superheat change with pressure in the boiler
(left). In sliding-pressure operation, the size of the heating surfaces automatically
adapts to these conditions (right).
13
development at Siemens.
The BENSON test rig plays
a central role in this.
continuous exchange of infor-
The BENSON test rig in Erlangen is one of the highest-performance test facilities
for the water/steam cycle anywhere in the world. It is constantly being adapted to
current requirements.
Tube geometry
Number of
measurements (1998)
Smooth
Rifled
> 100.000
> 160.000
Heating
uniform
one side
uniform
one side
inclined
horizontal
Investigations over several decades have enabled Siemens to establish the world's
largest database for heat transfer and pressure drop in tubes.
14
F99/03.53.18
vertical
Tube
orientation
Smooth tube
2200
2400
2s
Mass flux 1000 kg/m
440
L99/03.53.23
Rifled Tubes
Design Elements of the Future
400
380
360
1800
2000
2200
kJ/kg
2400
Smooth tube
440
Pressure
212 bar
Peak heat flux 310 kW/m2
2200
2400
2s
Mass flux 1500 kg/m
Standard rifled tube
Mass flux 1000 kg/m2s
Optimized rifled tube
Mass flux 770 kg/m2s
400
380
360
1800
2000
2200
kJ/kg
2400
Fluid enthalpy
15
16
The BENSON boiler with vertical rifled tubes combines the advantages of the BENSON
boiler with spiral-wound furnace tubes with the simple design of the drum boiler.
In the high mass flux design, mass flow through a tube with higher
heat input decreases, while in the low mass flux design it increases,
thus reducing possible temperature differences at the evaporator outlet.
17
BENSON Technology
Best Choice for Modern Power Plants
18
(4435 t/h)
Pressure up to 310 bar
Temperature up to 650 C
Boiler know-how
Boiler and firing concept
Thermo- and fluid dynamics
Basic design
Simulation of dynamics
Startup system
I&C concept
Water chemistry
Incorporation of boiler
into the power plant
Interaction of boiler,
turbine and control
I&C (manufacturing by Siemens)
F99/03.53.31
Siemens
Competence in Power Plant Engineering
coal gasification
Engine-based cogeneration
plants.
Component deliveries:
Services
Steam turbines up to
Turbine-generators
1200 MW
Gas turbines up to 260 MW
I&C
Electrical engineering
Catalytic reactors and cata-
Project development
(participation in operations
management, service and
repairs, upgrading and modernization, backfitting and
expansion, personnel training)
328,000
Gas turbines
92,000
27,000
Nuclear power
100,000
547,000
Hydroelectric
95,000
19
Tw o n a m e s o n e g l o b a l c o m p a n y
s
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft