-

06/04/2013 - 06/07/2013

JJU
U JJIITTS
SU
U

: ., . / - /

1
.

/ Ju Jitsu / ..
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.

H Ju Jitsu /

Ju Jitsu / ..
/Judo - Jigoro Kano ..
/Karate - Gichin Funakoshi
/Aikido - Morihei Ueshiba

2
.

..
2.1.
2.2.
2.2.1.
2.2.1.1.
2.2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
2.8.1.
2.8.2.
2.9.
2.10.

Dachi
-() Uke
Waza
.

.




/
- Kodokan Judo .
Nage-waza (67 )
katame-Waza (29 )

3
.

/ ( )
3.1.
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5.
3.5.1
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.9.1.
3.9.2.
3.9.3.
3.9.4.

- shin (
)
/ Shisei
/ Ma ai
()/ Kumi-kata
/ Shidai
/ Tai Sabaki .. ..
/ Kuzushi
- /
Tsukuri ..
/ ake
/ Ukemi
/ Koho Ukemi Ushiro Ukemi .
/ -Ukemi
/ Mae Ukemi ..
/ Mae Mawari
Ukemi ..

4
.

(Kihon) .
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
4.3.2.1.
4.3.2.2.
4.3.2.3.
4.3.2.4.

- ..

..
/ kihon
..

..
( Tsuki) ..

5
.

(kumite) randori
5.1.
5.1.1.
5.2.
5.2.1.
5.2.2.
5.2.3.
5.2.4.
5.2.5.
5.2.6.
5.2.7.
5.2.8.

kumite - ...
kumite
/
Tandoku Renshu
Uchi omi ..
Butsugari Ge .
age omi .. ..
Yaku Soku Gek ..
aari Gek .
Randori .
Shiai

6
.

6-9 ..
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.3.1.
6.3.2.
6.3.2.1.
6.3.2.2.
6.3.2.3.
6.3.2.4.

6.3.2.5.

6-9
.
-
.


...

.....................

...
/
(, ,
)
()
.

6.3.2.6.
..
6.3.2.7.
..
6.3.2.9.

:
o ,
,
.
, .

. .....
.
, ,
.

(Kimono).
, , , (NageWaza), , , ..
(Ne-Waza), , , /,
(Atemi-Waza)
. ,
.
.
, , jujutsu, ju-jitsu
Jigoro Kano, Gichin Funakoshi
Morihei Ueshiba.
,
,
, Kodokan Judo
, .
.
/
( , , , , ),
.

. suki (), uchi ( ), keri ( )
uke ( ), karate ju jitsu.

.
-Kihon
.
Karate/ju jitsu :
, , , ,
.

, kumite ( ),
,
/ randori ( ),
.

.
,
, .
, ,
.

JIU JITSU /

jiu jitsu ju-jitsu .

, , /, /,
/ ( ), ,
.

- 2013

 Sumai
Nara (710-794). Sumai
.
Kamakura (11851333)
,
(), daymio, (shogun).
-
. .
, 16 yoroi-kumiuchi ().

,
.
,
Bushido.
16 ,
. Edo (16001868),
.
1615 ,

.
. shogun
, .
,
.
17 18
-, .
700 (ryu). (atemi)
- (kansetsu), .
.
, .
, 16
Takenouchi-ryu Takenouchi Hisamori (15021595).
/ Meiji, (
Mutsuhito Meiji, , 1868-1912),
.
,
.
.
, , ,
Bushido,
, .
jujutsu, ,
1882.
1.1 H JUJUTSU
H Jujutsu .
. , () - , ) )
- .
Jujutsu
, ( ).
, Jujutsu.
Jujutsu, (ryu).
Jujutsu , . , Karate (
Karate , .. shotokan).
Jujutsu 3 : ) , ) Jujutsu
Edo ) . Jujutsu Bujutsu , Edo, 1603
Jujutsu.

- 2013

 Jujutsu Takenouchi-ryu,
.
Jujutsu Edo, ,
1603 1868. Ryoi
Shinto-ryu Tenshin shinyo-ryu, Edo, 1845
, Iso Mataemon Yoshin-ryu Shin no
Shinto-ryu Jujutsu. , Jujutsu Edo ,
725 . Tenshin shinyo ryu
, 20 , ,
Jujutsu * ( Ykio Tani Tenshin shinyo-ryu
Jujutsu, , 1899 ).
Bujutsu ( ) 1868
( Meiji).
,
. akko-ryu Jujutsu,
Okuyama Yoshiji, Shindo-ryu Jujutsu, Yamashita Minoru.
Jujutsu .
Jujutsu , Judo. Hakko-ryu
Jujutsu,
Hombu dojo Omiya Saitama,
.
Jujutsu , Jujutsu ,
. Jujutsu 2 : )
Jujutsu ) Akido, Judo
Karate . ,
Jujutsu
, 20 .
,
.
Jujutsu Kodokan Judo, (
Jujutsu ,
Yoshin-ryu Jujutsu), .
* Ykio Tani, Jujutsu , Tenshin
shinyo- ryu Jujutsu, 1950, Jujutsu
. Jujutsu, Jujutsu/Judo,
,
Jiu Jitsu Gracie Jiu-Jitsu (
, Jiu-Jitsu Jujutsu). 1914, Esai (Mitsuo) Maeda,
Kodokan Judo, , Carlos
Gracie Jujutsu/Judo. O Maeda
, . o Carlos
Helio, .
, , ,
,
.
Jujutsu,
Aikido, Judo Karate, Jujutsu
. Tai-jitsu, Jean Marie
Werner, Daniel Dubois Karate
(F.F.K.A.M.A), 1969. Tai-jitsu
Judo, Karate Aikido,
o , Nihon
Jujutsu, Tai-jitsu.
, .
Komori-ryu Jujutsu, Luc
Poras . , (ryu)
.
Jujutsu,
Goshin-jutsu ( ) Jujutsu.

- 2013

 , 1974, Judo Bernard Pariset, 7 dan Judo,

.
Mikinosuke Kawaishi (1899-1969, Judo ) Atemi-Ju-Jitsu.
A Jujutsu, ,
. Judo,
.
JU-JITSU/
Jujutsu
1990 1992, Judo, 500.000 ,
50.000 Jujutsu, Jujutsu
1996 .
, Judoka Judo, 5
, 8 / (fighting) 5
3 . 4 5
.
, Jujutsu
, Gracie Jiu-Jitsu ,
. :
) (fighting)
) / (duo system).
. ,
, Karate ( ) Judo
. , ,
. ,
. .
, Judo, , ,
, . ,
, /.
/,
, 4 , 20 (5 ).
, .
, 3 : , .
4 . ,
, .
12 , 4 , 3
. , ,
.
Jujutsu ,
Judo,
(Vale Tudo) Jiu-Jitsu,
.
,
.
Jujutsu
Jujutsu ,
Jujutsu Judo, . ,
,
. Judo Jujutsu,
, .
Jujutsu, .
Jujutsu ,
Kodokan Judo. , ,
.
Ju-Jitsu, 4 :
(Fighting System)
(Duo System)
(Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu)
(Self Defence System)

- 2013

To Ju-Jitsu , JuJitsu (J.J.I.F.) -

(.....-.). -
(), () ().
, IWGA (International World Games Association) World Games,
- 4 . , SportAccord (
GAISF - General Association of International Sports Federations) 4
Sport Accord Combat Games, .
2. /JUDO - JIGORO KANO
Judo
Ju
Jitsu ( ). Judo

kimono (Judo-gi).
Jigoro Kano (1860-1938), ,
, ,
Jiu-Jitsu, ,
Judo, ' . Jigoro Kano
Judo ,
.
. , ,
,
,
.
Jigoro Kano 22 1882, 22 , ,
Eishogi Kodokan. " dkan " (kan) (ko)
(do) judo. dkan
, , ,
judo Kano. Kdokan Judo -
. 1907 10.000 - .
Jigoro Kano 28 1860 Migake Kobe, ,
.
, Ju Jitsu Jiu-Jitsu,
, .
Ju Jitsu 19 .
: ) , )
, ) )
.
, J. Kano, ,
Ju Jitsu ,
,
. Kodokan Judo.
dkan . ,
,
Ju Jitsu, .
, , ,
, .
1886
, Kodokan 15 .
(13 2 ) Judo
.
J. Kano ,
.
Kodokan Judo.
1903
.
2.000 (!), 1915
.

- 2013

 ,
,
.
1909, '
. 1911
.
8 , , .
1920 Judo .
J. Kano 4 1938 78 , ,
. Judo
, .
Kodokan , Budokai .
Judo, ,
.
Judo Atemi-Waza (
) Ju-Jitsu.
Judo, Kano, .
, Judo,
(),
.
1951,
Judo, , Judo.
.
,
. ( 1938),
( 1964 ),
( 1951), 30.
. 1977 ,
1985 .
/KARATE - GICHIN FUNAKOSHI

.
.
, Okinawa (
Ryukyu ) (Mottern
2001, 240).
Okinawa 60
,
, .
.
, .
Okinawa
chuan fa kempo .

Okinawa, To-te (Toudi) Okinawa-te (Krug 2001, 396). ,
Okinawate
.
, , ,
, : ,
, , ,
,
(, , ) , (kata)
. karate-ka ().
Karate ,
.
"karate" Okinawa
() "kara" Tang "te"
.

- 2013

 "KARATE"
" " " Tang " " ": "
Tang " " Tang ", Tang '
" ", . 1933
,, 1931-3, Gichin Funakoshi (
karate) "kara" "karate"
"-" (Johnson, 2012).
"KARATE"
"karate" ( , ) "
". Zen- Zen
, Zen-
""
(James & Jones 1982). "" ,
. kara "-" Karate-D."
"KARATE DO"
"do"
.
" - ", Aikido, Karate Kendo. , "karate-do" "
- - ".
karate :
- , ("kihon" ).
- , ("kata" ).
- , ("kumite" ) :
) (Jiy ippon kumite)
) (Jiy kumite)
(Kihon), ,
. Kata- "
".
,
. ("kumite")
/kumite (Doria et al., 2009).
,
,
"" .
karate
.
karate , makiwara (
) ...
"kobudo" Okinawa.
Gichin Funakoshi ,
.
Yasutsune Azato
. Funakoshi,
, .
" ".
Gichin Funakoshi , Azato
.
""
. ,
,
.
Gichin Funakoshi
Okinawa .

. 1902 Funakoshi
1917
Butoku-den Kyoto (Hassel,1984).

- 2013

 ,

, , ,
, , .
Funakoshi
.
dojo ( )
1936 "-" ( Funakoshi "Shoto" "kan" , (Maliswewski,1992). "Shoto"
,

,
.
Funakoshi,
, 1948 (JKA)
. JKA
. Masatoshi Nakayama, Funakoshi
.
JKA ,

.
/AIKIDO - MORIHEI UESHIBA
- ,
. .
. ,
, , . Aikido ,
,
.
aiki Edo (1600-1868),
.
. , , .
, ,
, . , ..
-.
.
aikido Morihei Ueshiba ( 1883-1969),
, kenjutsu ninjutsu,
Takeda Sokaku ( , 1860-1943),
daito-ryu (- Z-). Takeda,
Takeda
Sokaku .
-, omotokyu
.
"- ",
- (1932), "-"
.

(Dai-Nippon Butoku-Kai). ,
,
, 1969,
.
, ,
, . '
,
. , , , .
.
.
- .
- 2013

, .
30 (),
.

2.
,
,
, .
.
2.1. - DACHI
FUDO (-): . SOCHIN DACHI
.
GANKAKU DACHI:
kata GANKAKU.
HACHINOJI DACHI (-) HACHIJI-DACHI ( ): .
450 ,
" Soto Hachinoji Dachi
450 , "Uchi Hachinoji Dachi" Uchi hachiji-dachi.
HANGETSU DACHI ( ):
.
HEIKO DACHI (-):
.
HEISOKU DACHI (-):

KIBA DACHI (-):

, :
KOKUTSU DACHI (-):
.
KOSA DACHI (-).
.
MUSUBI DACHI (-):
.
NANAME SHIKO DACHI (--): Sumo.
NEKO-ASHI DACHI (--):
.
RENOJI DACHI (-):
L.
SAGI ASHI DACHI (--):
.
SANCHIN DACHI (-):
hangetsu-dachi,
:
SHIKO DACHI (-):
Sumo
,
450.
SHIZEN- (-):
.
SOCHIN DACHI (-):
.
FUDO DACHI . Fudo Dachi
.
TEIJI DACHI (-):
.
UCHI-HACHINOJI DACHI (--): .
.
ZENKUTSU DACHI (-): .
2.2. -() UKE WAZA
) /te-ude uke waza )
/ashi uke waza.
2.2.1.
UKE ():
.
CHODAN AGE-UKE ( ).
.
GEDAN-BARAI ( ):
.
JUJI-UKE:
"X".
HAISHU-UKE:
.
MOROTE-UKE:
( ) .
NAGASHI-UKE (-):
.
SHUTO-UKE (-):
.
SOTO-UKE (-)
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CHUDAN UDE UKE:

.
TEISHO-UKE(-):
UCHI-UKE ( )
CHUDAN UDE UKE:
.

2.2.1.1.
MOROTE UKE ( ):
( )
.
JUJI UKE ( ):
"X".
SOKUMEN AWASE UKE ( ): .
RYOSHO TSUKAMI UKE ( ):
.
KAKIWAKE UKE ( ):
.
2.2.2.
ASHIKUDI KAKE UKE ( )
:
.
GEDAN KAKE UKE ( ):
.
SOKUBO KAKE UKE ( ):
.
SOKUTO OSAE UKE ( ):
- .
SHO SUKUI UKE ( ):
.
SOKUTEI MAWASHI UKE ( ): .
SOKUTEI OSAE UKE ( ):
- .
TEISHO AWASE UKE ( ):

.
2.3.
TSUKI ( ZUKI):
.
AGE-UKI (-):
.
AWASE-UKI (-):
"U".
CHOKU-UKI:
.
GYAKU-UKI(-):
.
HASAMI-UKI (-):
.
HEIKO-UKI(-):
.
KAGI-UKI (-):
.
KIZAMI-UKI(-):
.
MAWASHI-UKI (-): .
OI ZUKI (-):
.
TATE-UKI:
.
URA-UKI (-):
.
YAMA-UKI (-): "U".
2.4.
UCHI:
EMPI-UCHI (-):
HAITO-UCHI (-):
KENTSUI-UCHI (-):
.
NUKITE ():
SHUTO-UCHI (-):
TEISHO-UCHI (-):
TETTSUI-UCHI (-):
.
URAKEN-UCHI (-):

.
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.

2.5.
GERI ():
FUMIKIRI-GERI (-):
FUMIKOMI-GERI (-):
KAKATO GERI ( ):
MAE-GERI (-):

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.
.
.
- .
.

MAWASHI-GERI (-):
.
MIKAZUKI-GERI (-):
.
NIDAN-GERI (-):
.
REN-GERI (-):
.
SHITTSUI-GERI (-):
.
TOBI GERI ( ):
-.
URA MAWASHI GERI:
.
USHIRO-GERI (-):
.
USHIRO-MAWASHI-GERI ( -):
.
YOKO-GERI KEAGE (- ):
-.
YOKO-GERI KEKOMI (- ):
-.
2.6.

: ) , ) , )
, ) , )
, ) , ) , ) , )
.
.

ANZA:
().
AYUMI-ASHI:
.
BUDO:
.
BUNKAI:
() kata.
DACHI:
-.
DO:
, .
DOJO:
( ).
DOZO:
.
EMBUSEN:
, kata.
GERI:

GI:

GOHON KUMITE:
.
HAI:

HIKI-TE:

LIE:

IPPON KUMITE:
.
JIYYU KUMITE:

KAMAE:

KARATE:

KARATE DO:
O - - .
KARATEKA:
Karate
KATA:

.
KIAI:
/ .
KIHON:

KIME:

KIZAMI:
.
KOHAI:
, .
KUMITE:

KYU:

KYUSHO:
.
MAAI:

MAKIWARA:

.
MOKUSO:
/ .
NAGE:

OBI:

OSU:
oss oos
" ".
, . dojo!

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REI:

RENSHI:
.
SANBON KUMITE:
.
SEMPAI:
(,
).
SENSEI:

SHIHAN:
( ).
SHIZEN TAI:

SHODAN:
.
- .
, .., heian shodan kata shotokan.
SHOMEN:
, sho-, .
- `shomen no rei' "
".
SHOTOKAN:
" Shoto-, Funakoshi
TATAME:
-
TAI-SABAKI:

TSUGI-ASHI:

(Yori- ashi)
TSUKI (ZUKI):

UCHI:

UKE:
-
WAZA:

YAKUSOKU KUMITE:
YORI-ASHI:

ZANSHIN:
(
).
DAN:
"Dan-" -.
KUMITE: --
(KIHON) GOHON KUMITE: () .
(KIHON) SANBON KUMITE: () .
(KIHON) IPPON KUMITE: () .
JIYUU IPPON KUMITE: - - ( ).
(JIYUU) KUMITE: - .
SHIAI: - .
.

AGE-TE:
( )
HAJIME:

MAWATTE:
-
KIAI:
-
NA OTTE:
Shizen-tai -
NARANDE:
-
OTAIGAI NI:

REI:

SEIRETSU:

SEIZA:

SENSEI NI

SHOMEN NI:

YAME:
-
YASUME:
( )
YOHI (yoi) :

AGE:

GYAKU:

HIDARI:

MAE:

MAWASHI:

MIGI:

OTOSHI:

SOKUMEN:

SOTO:
TATE:
TOBI:
UCHI:
USHIRO:
YOKO:

.

CHUDAN:
-
GEDAN:
()-( )
JODAN:
,
.
( )
ASHI:

ASHIKUBI:

ATAMA:

EMPI-ENPI ( HIJI):
ENSHO:
.
HARA-TANDEN:
/ , .
HAISHU:
.
HAITO:
.
HEISOKU:
() .
HIRAKEN:
.
HIZA ( HITSUI):

IPPON KEN:
.
JIKU ASHI:
.
KAISHU:
.
KAKATO:

KAKUTO:
.
KATA:

KEITO:
- .
KEN:
, .
KENTSUI:
, .
KOSHI:
.
KUMADE:
.
NAKADAKA KEN:
.
NUKITE:
.
NAIWAN:
.
SEIKEN:
.
SEIRYUTO:
.
SHUTO:
(shuto uke- ).
SOKUTO:
- () .
TATE KEN:
.
TE:

TEISHO:
.
TEISOKU:
.
TEKUBI:

TSUMASAKI:
.
UDE:

URAKEN:
. uraken uchi-
.
WASHIDE:

- 2013

Ichi (Sho)
1 Ju Ichi
Ni
2 Ju Ni
San
3 Ju San
Shi
4 Ju Shi (Ju Yon)
(Yo/Yon)
Go
5 Ju Go
Roku
6 Ju Roku
Ju Shichi (Ju
Shichi
7
Nana)
Hachi
8 Ju Hachi
Ku
9 Ju Ku
l
Ju
Niju
0

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

, ) , ) , )
) .
:
ichi (1), ni (2), san (3), yon shi (4), go (5), roku (6), nana shichi (7), hachi (8), kyu ku (9), ju
(10).
:
hitotsu (1), futatsu (2), mittsu (3), yotsu (4), itsutsu (5), muttsu (6), nanatsu (7), yattsu (8),
kokonotsu (9), to (10).
:
ippon (1), nihon (2), sambon (3), yonhon (4), gohon (5), roppon (6), nanahon (7), hichihon (8),
kyuhon (9), jippon (10).
:
hitori (1), futari (2), sannin (3), yonnin (4), gonin (5), rokunin (6), shichinin (7), hachinin (8), kyunin
(9), junin (10).
.

AKA-, AO-, CHA-, KI-, KURO-, MIDORI-, MURASAKI-,

SHIRO-.
2.7. /
/
Ju
Do
Judo
Seiryoku Zenyo
Jita Kyoei

Atemi-Waza
Dojo
Jikan
Judoka
Judoki
Kake
Kimono
Maitta
Obi
Rei
Ritsurei
Tatami
Zarei
Kimono

, , ,
, ,
,

Judo

Judo
Judoka
( )
Judo
,

Judo

Judo

Butsugari Geiko Utsikomi

Hikomi-Gaesi
/ Ne-Waza/

Kakari Geiko
Uke , Tori
( Butsugari-Geiko)
Nage komi

Randori
Renraku-Waza
Shiai
TantokuRenshiu
Tokui-Waza
Tori
Uke
Utsikomi

Kenka Yotsu
Shisei
Shizen Hontai
Migi, Hidari
shizentai
Jigo Hontai
(Jigotai)
Migi, Hidari
jigotai
Tsugi Ashi

Tai Sabaki
Happo no
Kuzushi:
Kuzushi
Debana

,
Kumi Kata

Ai-yotsu
,

,

,
kata

Hikite
Tsurite
Makura

( )


()
()
(Makura-Kesa-Gatame)

Mata

(Uchi-Mata)

Migi

(Migi-Eri-Dori Goshin-Jitsu-No-Kata)

Morote

(Morote-Gari)

Mune

(Mune-Gatame)

Nami

(Nami-Juji-Jime)

( O-Goshi)

Obi

(Obi-Goshi)

Okuri

(Okuri-Eri-Jime)

Otoshi

(Tani-Otoshi)

Ryote

(Ryote-Jime)

Sankaku
(Sangaku)
Sasae

(Sankaku-Gatame)

Seoi

(Ippon-Seoi-Nage)

Shiho

(Kami-Shiho-Gatame)

Shime (Jime)

(Shime Waza)

(Sasae-Tsuri-Komi-Ashi)

Sode

(Sode-Tsuri-Komi-Goshi)

Soto

(Soto-Makikomi)

Sukashi

(Uchi-Mata-Sukashi)

Sukui

(Sukui-Nage)

Sumi

(Sumi-Otoshi)

Tai

(Tai-Otoshi)

Tate

(Tate-Shiho-Gatame)

Te

(Te-Guruma)

Tomoe

(Tomoe-Nage)

Tsuki

(Tsuki-komi-Jime)

Tsuri

(Sasae-Tsuri-Komi-Ashi)

Uchi

(0-Uchi-Gari)

Ude

B (Ude-Gatami)

Uki

(Uki-Goshi)

Ura

(Ura-Nage)

Ushiro

(Ushiro-Kesa-Gatame)

Utsuri

(Utsuri-Goshi)

Wake

(Wake-Gatame)

Yoko

- (Yoko-Shiho-Gatame)

2.8. - KODOKAN JUDO

( / )
Nage-Waza - (67 )
Te-waza (15 )
Koshi-waza (11 )
Ashi-waza (21 )
Masutemi-waza (5 )
Yokosutemi-waza (15 )
------------------------------------
Kyu () Go Kyo no waza 1895 (42 )
Go Kyo no waza 1920 (40 )
Katame-waza (29 )
Osaekomi-waza (7 )
Shime-waza (12 )
Kansetsu-waza (10 )
2.8.1. Nage-waza (67 )
:
Go Kyo
no waza (Shin-Go Kyo, 1920). (: "1-1" 1 Dai-ikkyo (
kyo)
Kyu Go Kyo ( 1895)
1920 (8 )
1 (
1982).
+ 2 ( 1997).

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Te-waza (15 )
1-8
Seoi-nage
2-6
Tai-otoshi
3-8
Kata-guruma T
4-4
Sukui-nage ( )
4-8
Uki-otoshi
5-7
Sumi-otoshi

Obi-otoshi uke

Seoi-otoshi
Yama-arashi tori
uke
( )
Morote-gari ( )

Kuchiki-taoshi ( )

Kibisu-gaeshi
Uchi-mata-sukashi - Uc. m.
Kouchi-gaeshi
Ippon-seoi-nage

Koshi-waza (11 )
1-4
Uki-goshi
1-6
O-goshi-
2-3
Koshi-guruma
2-4
Tsurikomi-goshi
2-7
Harai-goshi
3-2
Tsuri-goshi
3-5
Hane-goshi
4-5
Utsuri-goshi uke
5-5
Ushiro-goshi uke

Daki-age *

+
Sode-tsurikomi-goshi
Ashi-waza (21 )
1-1
Deashi-harai ()
1-2
Hiza-guruma
1-3
Sasae-tsurikomi-ashi
1-5
Osoto-gari -
1-7
Ouchi-gari -
2-1
Kosoto-gari -
2-2
Kouchi-gari -
2-5
Okuri-ashi-harai
2-8
Uchi-mata- ( )
3-1
3-4
3-6
4-6
5-1

Kosoto-gake
Ashi-guruma -
Harai-tsurikomi-ashi ,
O-guruma
Osoto-guruma
Osoto-otoshi tori
Tsubame-gaeshi ( )
Osoto-gaeshi Os.g. Osoto-gari
Ouchi-gaeshi uc.g.
Hane-goshi-gaeshi -

Harai-goshi-gaeshi
Uchi-mata-gaeshi

Masutemi-waza (5 )
3-7

Tomoe-nage

4-1

Sumi-gaeshi -

5-6

Ura-nage ()

Hikikomi-gaeshi . -

Tawara-gaeshi ( )
Yokosutemi-waza (15 )
3-3
4-2

Yoko-otoshi
Tani-otoshi ( )
uke

4-3
4-7
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-8

Hane-makikomi uke
Soto-makikomi -
Uki-waza
Yoko-wakare uke
Yoko-guruma
Yoko-gake
Daki-wakare

Kani-basami . *

Uchi-makikomi

Osoto-makikomi ,

Uchi-mata-makikomi -
( ).

Harai-makikomi
Kawazu-gake * - ( )

.
Te-guruma Te-uchi-mata "Sukui-nage".
H Kansetsu-waza nagewaza.
Ude-gaeshi

Obi-tori-gaeshi

Kansetsu-waza,
"Yoko-wakare".
"Hikikomi-gaeshi".

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2.8.2. katame-Waza (29 )

1 ( . 1985).
+ 2 ( . 1997).
x
(.1997)

Osaekomi-waza (7 )
Kuzure-kesagatame
Kata-gatame
Kami-shihogatame
Kuzure-kamishiho-gatame

( k.g.)

Shime-waza (12 Yoko-shihogatame
Nami-juji-jime

Gyaku-juji-jime

Kata-juji-jime

Hadaka-jime

Okuri-eri-jime

Kata-ha-jime

Do-jime
( )
Sode-guruma-jime

Kata-te-jime

Ryo-te-jime

Tsukkomi-jime

+
X

Tate-shiho-gatame
Kesa-gatame

Hon-kesa-gatame

Kansetsu-waza (10 )
Ude-garami
Ude-hishigi-juji-gatame
Ude-hishigi-ude-gatame
Ude-hishigi-hiza-gatame
Ude-hishigi-waki-gatame
Ude-hishigi-hara-gatame
Ashi-garami

Ude-hishigi-ashi-gatame

(
).
Katame- No-Kata

uke

Ude-hishigi-te- gatame

uke

Ude-hishigi-sankakugatame

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 Kodokan "Kuzure-kesa-gatame"
"Makura-kesa-gatame" "Ushiro-kesa-gatame".
"Kesa" "Kami-shiho" "Kuzure". "Kuzure"
"Yoko-shiho-gatame", "Tate-shiho-gatame" "Kata-gatame".
Kodokan "Ude-hishigi-juji-gatame" "Ude- hishigi-udegatame" "Juji-gatame" "Ude- gatame".
ATE WAZA (ATEMI WAZA)

Ude Ate Waza

Tsuki Waza Uchi Waza

Kobushi ate
Yubisaki ate
Hiji ate , ..
Tegatana ate

Ashi Ate Waza

Keri waza
Hiza gashira ate
Sekito ate
Kakato ate

Kodokan , atemi waza,

.
*Kani-basami .
.
, .
2.9.
SEIZA:

SENSEI NI REI:

SHOMEN NI REI:
"Y ".
OTAIGAI NI REI:
-
REI:

* SEM-PANI-REI:


(Chapman, 2004).
.
dojo. (gi)
. .
.
.
.
. ( )
dojo, .
,
.
. , ,
, .
sparring,
.

. , ,
, ,
, , .
.
( , , )
dojo. , .

- 2013

 .
.

(shomen).

/ . .
(seiza).
(mokuso), ,
(shomen ni rei) (senseini rei).

.
.
.
,
.
, ,
.

. .
.
.
seiza, .
, ( ,
), .
.

seiza. (Mokuso).
(shomen) .

(otaigai ni rei - -)
, , .
, .
2.10.
.

O-HAYOU GOZAI MASU:

KONNICHIWA:
KONBAN WA:

DOMO ARIGATOU:
DOMO ARIGATOU GOZAI MASHITA:
DOU ITASHI MASHITE:
ONEGAI SHIMASU:

: ,

SUMI MASEN GO-MEN NASAI:

HONTOUNI SUMI MASEN:

.

HAI:
HAI, WAKARIMASU:
LIE:
LIE, WAKARIMASEN:
KUDASAI:
MOSHI MOSHI:
).
NANJI DESU KA?
NIHONGO:
SAYONARA:
TOIRE WA DOKO NI ARIMASU KA?

(
;


JIU JITSU / JUDO ( /)

3.1. / SHIN ( )
Mizu No Kokoro, Zanshin Tsuki No Kokoro, (Lascu V.G., 1986):
Mizu No Kokoro ( ).
Zanshin ( ' , )
Tsuki No Kokoro ( )
2.2. / SHISEI
, , :

Shizentai ( ).

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 Jigotai ( ).
Shizentai Shizen Hontai ( ), Migi Shizentai (
) Hidari Shizentai ( ).
Shizen Hontai 30 . ,
.
. .
. , ,
, .

Migi Shizentai Hidari Shizentai ,

( ) .

.
" "
. Ju
Jitsuka/Judoka ,
,
.
Jigotai ( - ) ,
. , Migi Jigotai,
Hidari Jigotai. ,
.
,
. Uke Tori
Shizentai.
/ MA AI
Judo :
Chikama ( ).
Ma Ai ( ).
To Ma ( ).
3.4. ()/ KUMI-KATA
Ju Jitsuka/Judoka ,
. ,
. Kumi-Kata -
Uke .
,

.
,
Judo.
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Judo.

Eri Kumi-Kata Tori

Kimono Uke, ,
, Uke .

Tori , ,
Uke .
Migi Eri Kumi-Kata ( -).
, Uke,
Kimono. Hidari Eri Kumi-Kata (
-).

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3.5. / SHIDAI

3.5.1. / TAI SABAKI

Tai Sabaki,
.
,
.

, (Tai Sabaki).
- 80.
- 80-120.
- 120-180.
-
360.
- 180.
3.6. / KUZUSHI
: , ,
- - .
.. (Hara) .

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3.7. - / TSUKURI
Tsukuri Tori
:
Aite No Tsukuri ( ).
Jibun No Tsukuri ( ).
3.8. / AKE
Judo.
Kake Tsukuri
, .
(Kake) Uke,
. Uke

.
3.9. / UKEMI
, ,
.
, .
3.9.1. / KOHO UKEMI USHIRO UKEMI
. ,
, .
. , .
.
45 .

3.9.2. / -UKEMI
90% Judo,
. .

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3.9.3. / MAE UKEMI

,
( ).

3.10.4.
) (Mae Mawari Ukemi Zempo Kaiten Ukemi).
) (Zempo Ukemi).

.
. .
.
.
, .
. (
). ,
.
( ).
( Mae Ukemi).
- (KIHON).

.

.
-Kihon.
4.1.
(Imamura, et al., 1998): kihon
waza ( ), kata ( ) kumite ( ).
. Kumite
kihon . Kumite
,
(kihon). karate,
kumite
,
(Roschel et al., 2009). kumite
, (maai) ,
kihon (Masciotra, Ackermann, & Roth, 2001).
kumite.
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 Kata .
Kata kumite. . Kata
kihon kumite.
.
. Kata .
kata .

, , .
, ,
Dojo .
Kata Karateka
.
kihon, kata kumite. Kata
. Kumite
. Kata
. karate
. .
Kihon kata, kata kumite, kumite
kihon. .
Kihon

Kata

Kumite
kata kumite
kata kumite, kihon .
kihon .
kata kumite
kihon. ( kihon
kata).

.
.
.
kata.
4.2. -
suki (), uchi ( ), keri ( ), uke ( ),
karate ju jitsu.
.
, .

.
,
. Karate/ju jitsu

. karate

. , .

.
Karate/ju jitsu.
- ,
Karate/ju jitsu
.

. Karate/ju jitsu.

.

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 .
.
, .
,
. ,
.
.
, .
.
.
' .
yoko-geri ( ), .
,
.
, ,
. ,
.
. ,
.
-
.
.
. .

.
. karateka
13 . 680
(Koropanovski et al., 2011).
,
.
karate ,
. ,

karate (makiwara)
.

. ,


. , .
,
. ,
, .
-
.

. ,
,
.
1/100
. 15 18
(VencesBrito et al.,
2011).
.

.
.

.
karate.

-
. , ,
karate. karate
,
. ,
. karate Karate/ju jitsu ,
.
,
.
, .
, . '
, ,
.
,
(Koropanovski et al., 2011).
-

.
. ,
, .
karate
(kumite).



. .
,
.
.


.
, .

.
(kata).
kata
,
.
. kata karate ,
.
-
.
.

karate
.
.
.
, ,
.
-

. tanden-hara ( )
. ,
.
.

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 tanden .
.

, .

karate,
, .
, ,
. ,
.
4.3.

.

. .
.

. .

(Iide et al., 2008):
Kihon, Kata, Kumite

(, , ).
.
: , ,
, , , Kata Kumite.
Kata .
- . , .
.
.
.
.
- ,
.
.
.
.
- . ,
, .
, , .
.
-
.
. .
.
, ,
,
.

.
- ,
.
.

.
- .
, ,
.

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, , .
Kihon.
.
.
Kata Kumite.
,
. ,
, Kata .
kihon kata kumite.
.
Kata. Kata
.
. , ,
, .
Kata .

. ,
. ,
, (kumite).
4.3.1.
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
. .

.

.
.
.
. ,
.
.
.

.
.
,
.
.
4.3.2. (KIHON)
kihon , , . kihon
, , ,
. kata
kumite, kihon ,
.
.
kihon : ) , ) , )
, ) , ) .

kihon .
.
.
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.
,
.
" "
..

,

. .
karate ,
.

.
.

.
.

. .

. .
. ,

.
. karate
karate.
, karate
.

,
.
. .
4.3.2.1.


, kihon .
karate
. , karate,
.


Shotokan karate.
.
""
. ,
.

, .
,
, ,
. ,

.
.
.,

. ' ,
( ) ,
.
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 karate,
.
, karate,
" ",

, .
, ,


.
.
,
.

.
kihon, kata kumite.
.
.
(Okazaki, & Stricevic, 1984, 58):
) ,
)
.

,
.
, ZENKUTSU DACHI (-)
, KOKUTSU DACHI (-) , KIBA DACHI (-)
, .
, HANGETSU DACHI ( )
, NEKO-ASHI DACHI (--) , SANCHIN DACHI () hangetsu-dachi, .

.
, .
, .
.
Shotokan (Okazaki, &
Stricevic, 1984, 58).

SHIZEN- (-),
,

.
.
50/50, .

. ,
.
.
. heisoku-dachi (). .
.
musubi-dachi (-). .
, 45-, .
90- . .

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 . .
.
.
- Hachiji-dachi (-),
45 . (Yoi) .
- Heiko-dachi (-). '
.
- Uchi-hachiji-dachi UCHI-HACHINOJI DACHI (--).
45 .

- Teiji-dachi (-)
.
).
.

- Renoji-dachi (-). L.
.

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 . Shotokan karate KIBA DACHI () , , KOKUTSU

DACHI (-) ZENKUTSU DACHI (-) .
,
, ,
.
ZENKUTSU DACHI (-).
( .
, .
.
60% 40%
.
.
.
,
15-45 . .
( ) 40 (
). . .
.
()
. .
.
.
(hanmi) ( ) 450
.
, .
, .

(gyaku zuki)
KIBA DACHI (-).
, .

.
. .
.

. ,
.
.
. heisoku-dachi (-)
, ( - musubi-dachi)
45 ,
Uchi-hachiji-dachi uchi-hachinoji dachi (--

),
45 .
45 .
.
kiba dachi .
,
.
.
KOKUTSU DACHI (-).


90 .
L.

. ,
'
, kiba dachi. .
,
.
70% 30% ,
, .
. .
kokutsu dachi ,
.
, .
.
.
.
, .
,
.
. .
,
, .
.

.
, .
. ,

, .
.
-
.

-
.
- .
- .
- 50/50
.
4.3.2.2.
kihon
.
.
. Shotokan ,
, ,
.
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 -
.
.
,
.

.
karate

.
(Okazaki, & Stricevic, 1984, 178)

.
.
.
.
:
-
-
.
90 , ,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
, .
,
.

,
.
, ,
, .

:
- (Seiken),
- (Hikite),
- karate.

- (Seiken).

. ,
,
.

. ,
.

.
.
- (Hikite).
,
,
.
. .

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.

.

.

.
( Newton).
-
.
.
(joudan), (chuudan) (gedan).
, ,
( )
.

.

GEDAN-BARAI ( ).

.
.
1. ,
.
2. .
3. ' , .

CHODAN AGE-UKE ( ).
. :
. " : .
1 . : ' .
900.
2. , :

..
3. . .

.
.
uppercut (
).
, 2, ,

.

SOTO-UKE (-) CHUDAN UDE UKE.

.
. . .
1. o u 90
.
.
2. ' ,

3. .
. .

UCHI-UKE ( ) CHUDAN UDE UKE.

.
. .
1. ,
2. ,

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SHUTO-UKE (-). .
, , . .
.
1. , ,
. (nukite)
.
2. , ,
,
.
3. ,
.
.
4. kokutsu dachi
.
4.3.2.3. ( / TSUKI)
Okazaki, & Stricevic, 1984, 106).
-OI ZUKI (-), -GYAKU-UKI
(-) -KIZAMI-UKI (-).

TSUKI ( ZUKI).
AGE-UKI (-).
AWASE-UKI (-).
CHOKU-UKI.
GYAKU-UKI(-).
HASAMI-UKI (-).
HEIKO-UKI(-).
KAGI-UKI (-).
KIZAMI-UKI(-).
MAWASHI-UKI (-).
OI ZUKI (-).
TATE-UKI.
URA-UKI (-).
YAMA-UKI (-).

"U"










"U"

- ,
.
. .

.
, , , .
-KIZAMI-UKI (-),
-GYAKU-UKI (-).
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 .


.
.

.
,
.
.

, .
.
.
. ,
.
, .
CHOKU ZUKI
.
, , :
- (jodan choku zuki)
- (chudan choku zuki)
- (gedan choku zuki)

.
,
. ,. ,
30%, 70%.
.
. ,
.
Tsuki () . , ,
. " ,
.
.
- , , - :
, ( -), , ( -)
, ( -).
,
' (Nishiyama, & Brown, 1990, 70):
. ,
. " ,
.
. , .
,
.
.
.
, .
. ',
,
.
,
kiai. kiai karate . kiai
,
.

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 kiai ,
.
kiai, . Kiai
.
4.3.2.4.
karate
.
.

.
,
. ,
. .

.
Karate , -
.
.
, , .
,
, , . karate
.
karate (Okazaki, Stricevic, 1984, 273):
GERI ()
()
MAE-GERI KEAGE (- )

MAE-GERI KEKOMI (- )

YOKO-GERI KEAGE (- )
-
YOKO-GERI KEKOMI (- )
-
MAWASHI-GERI (-)

USHIRO-GERI (-)

( ), , ( )

, .
.
(Mae Geri Keage)

karate.
.
,
.
( ).
,


.
. ,
.

.
. 2-3 .
, (
) .
.

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 ,
.
, .

, .
,
.
- (yoko-geri keage)

- (yoko geri keage)

kata Shotokan.
. -
, - (yoko-geri kekomi)

.
.
( ).
..
. .
.
.
.
. ,
,
.
.
- (mawashi-geri)

. . ( )
(hanmi) ( ) 450

 ,

.
.

.
.
,
.

.
.
- , , , .
,

. .

.
.
.
, .

.

5. (KUMITE) RANDORI
,
kumite, ,
/ randori,
.
5.1. KUMITE -
Kumite " ",
sparring. kumite - Sparring
.
,
(Roschel et al., 2006).
.
Kumite
.
,
. -
.
(James,
& Jones, 1982) .
Kumite
karate.
. , Kumite
- . ,
.
Kumite .
, , .
karate ,
kumite.
" "
. ,
.
, kumite
.
. Kumite . kumite
.

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 Kumite .
,
. ,
- (sparring partner) .
Kumite
. karate-ka () ,
jiu kumite ( ).
- kumite
.
, kumite
. ,
. kumite .

: ) , )
) .
Kumite :
1. & , 2. , 3.
Kumite
. Dojo - -
( ) Kumite .
Kumite .
"" Kumite
-kyu ,
, Kumites .
Kumite
Gohon Kumite: (5 - Kumite)
,
5 , ) , )
5 .

. 5

.

Sanbon Kumite: (3- Kumite)

,

.
3 ,
.
Kihon-Ippon Kumite: (1- Kumite)
,
.
, ( ) ,
.
,
.
Kumite ,

. -,
" " .
Kumite
.
Jiyu-Ippon Kumite: (1- Kumite)
Kumite , .
.
,
.
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 , -
. ,
.
, (
)
. Kumite,
.
Jiyu Kumite: ( Kumite)
.
.
. , , ,
.
Kumite
W.K.F.,
5 2

Kumite , .
Kumite
, .
, ,
,
. Kumite
, ,
.
5.1.1. KUMITE

kumite
1
2
3
4
5

, &
. .
, &
. .
.

.

., , &
.

Jiu Kumite

, &

()

Kumite .
1. Kumite
.
2. .

.
.

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3. .
. :
. Kiotsuke -
. Rei
. Kumite No Kamae - .
e. Hajime (sparring)
f. Yame
4.
kumite . .
. 5.

( ). kumite.
6. , .
7. :
. , , ,
, . 5
.
. shokutei ( ).
. Shuto ( ) nukite ( ).
. , ( 7 )
.
. .
. , , , ..
5.2. / -
TANDOKU RENSHU
NAGE
UCHI
YAKU SOKU GEI
KAKARI GEIKO
RANDORI
SHIAI
SOTAI RENSHU
RENSHU
5.2.1. TANDOKU RENSHU
n "" . nv Tsukuri,
Kuzushi Kake . ,
. n vnn nv nn
. , ...
. n nn
. nn (
) nn
.
Tandou Renshu nn nv . T.R.
nv nn oo
. n xn .
T.R , uke,
, .
5.2.2. UCHI

. Tori
uke. , , .
. uke ,
Tori.
10-20 30 50 .
, . n
nn "" Toui Waza.

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 uchi-omi, Tori

ae. uchi omi.
Tori xn
12 . nv
Uke ae.
iai.
n n . n n
. nv nv
Tori nv umi-ata Tai Sabai.
.
5.2.3. BUTSUGARI G
B.G. vnn U.., B.G.
, tori uke
. tori nv nv
. nv uke
.
kake ( ).
tori , nv nv nv .
B.G
- .
,

(shiai).

.
5.2.4. G
vnn uchi komi
kake. ,
.
5.2.5. YAKU SOKU G
nn . ,
umi-Kata Tatami.
. n
. n
, ( ).
' , umi Kata
, ,
. n
, . ,
nn .
, n ,
. n nn nv ukemi.
yaku sku geik
, .
, ' ukemi vn . Y.S.G.
30 4' -6' nv nv ,
.
xn .
5.2.6. AARI G
vnn nv nv
. nv kumi ata
Tri Uke nv . Tri , ,
. ... Uke ,
vv . M' nv Uke : 1)
, 2) Nage Komi, 3) .

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 Tori . Uke
" judo. ' nv
. Uke nv .
, , vnn Tori
"" .
.
nv nn vnn nv nn
. nv . n
Uke ' .
Uke. n vn.
Kakari Geiko n vnn nv nn ,
. Uke nv nv
nv Tai- Sabaki. , ,
Tori . n
n nn , '
. n nn ' Jodoka
' .
5.2.7. RANDORI
Jigoro Kano , Randori Kata.
Randrori Kata, ,
. Yaku soku. Shiai
. , Tori,
Tai Otoshi. Tori , Uke
.
. Randori . n , n
, . .
Randori (3'-4').
Randori . n
,
( n ),
.
nn 15 Randori
3 Randri ( ). n Randori
, Ne Waza
Nage Waza Randori
nn Judoka .
,
ippon.
,
. Randori nage waza,
ne waza.
3-5
.
, , ,

,
.
Randori:
- . tori
- ,
. uke
.
- .
.
- . tori
,
.
randori,
, randori
.
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, :
- tokui waza.
-
.
- .
- .. .
5.2.8. SHIAI
,
. Randori
.
Shiai

. Shiai ,
- . Inokuma
shin ( ), gi ( )
tai ( ) .
Shiai ippon .
3 .

. ,
, .
Shiai 4 .
Shiai 20'.
Shiai
. nn
. ' Shiai,
Shiai ,
, , .
, Shiai Randri
, , Shiai
,
,
.
. ,
,
. ,

.
tandoku renshiu, uchi komi, nage
komi, tandoku renshiu, kakari geiko randori.

6. 6-9
6.1 6-9
'

, , , .
.
- .
- .
, .
.
. kihon waza
.
, .
, , (Gohon
Kumite) .

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 .
.
(,
kimono).
.
.
.
.
, .
6.2.
,
. 6-9
,
.

,
, ,
,
, '
(Theeboom, & Knop, 1998).
karate
.
6-9 (Hantau,
1989, 20-21).
,
.
.

( , , ,
), ( ,
, ), ( , ,
), ( , ),
( , ),
.
, ,
.
.
dojo. .
, ,
karate
6.3. -
6.3.1.
1. Sumo (, -"", "" ).
Kimono.
7-10 .. -
. .
- - . ,
.
2. ()
. .
, . , ,
'
, .
.
3. . Dojo
. Sensei . , "Hajime",

, ( ).

 .
( ).
4. (, , ,
).
,
. . , ,
, ...
, .
, (, ..).
- , .
5. ( , ).
, .
.
...
. ,
, .
6. . ,
.
. ,
.
.
.

7. ().
.
.
, .

.
(kimono).
.
.
.
2-4 .
8. .
Dojo
"Hajime", .
.
, , .

.
Dojo .
10
, 10 10 , .

.
.
9. .
Kiba Dachi ( )
. .
) Dojo
( ).

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10. Sensei .
,
, .
.
(kihon waza) .
.
, .
6.3.2.
1. ( - ).
.
: , , .
: 1-2 .
.
. , .
, .
' ,
.
, .
: .
: .
2. ( ) ( - ).
.
: , .
: 1-2 .
1,5 . .
.
. .
.
: ' .
3. ( - ).
.
: , .
. '
. .
4. ( - ).
: .
.
.
' , .
, , .
: , (
).
' .
.
5. ().
, ,
. .
, , .
, .
, .
: .
( 3 ).
, .

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 , .
.
.
6. ( - ).
: , .
2 .
. .

.
. ,
.
7. .

. .
. Zenkutsu Dachi ( ).
, "Hajime", (
),
.
karate. , "Yame".
.

.
6.3.2.1.
1. " "
Tatami .
, " " (
, ).
, .
, .
.
.
2. " "
'
Tatami , , -
. . .
.
3. " " (1)
.
. - .
.
4. " " (2)
Tatami
. " " (Tsugi Ashi)
' . .
' .
, .
6.3.2.2.
1. " "
.
. , ,
.
.

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2. " " (1)

,
. . ,
,
. .
3. " " (2)
, .

. .
6.3.2.3.
1. " "
.
' , . ""
' "" , .
.

' .
2. " "
, . .
.
.
, , ,
... .
6.3.2.4. -
(, , )
1." "
' .
, , .
.
.
Karate " " " ".
2. ""
.
. .
.
,
.
3. "Skandenberg"
( ) ,
. , ,
. , ,
.
. .
6.3.2.5. ()
1. " "

, ( ) .

.
' ,
, .
,
.

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6.3.2.6.
1." "
.
.
, ,
kimono. ""
, . 2-3
.

2. " "
.
, .
10-15 sec. 3-4 ,
.
3. " "
' .
.
6.3.2.7.
1. " "
, , .
, .
.
. , .

. .
2. " "
: . '
, ,
. ""
- .
.
3. " "
, ,
- .
.
, ,

. ' .
.
6.3.2.9.
'
.
, ,
(Hantau, 1989, 13-19).

. :
1. ' , ,
, .
,
. ,
, O-Uchi-Gari Ko-UchiGari.
2. kimono " " (
). '
. '

 .
De-Ashi-Barai, Ko-Soto-Gari.
3. ' ,
.

, -
, .
(Koshi-Waza .).

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, ., , . (1990). B . (
). : . . . ...
, ., , . (1990). - . (
). : . . . ...
, . (2008). . : . . . ...
, ., . (2008). . : . . . ...
, .(1993). . . : Dojo.
, . (1979). . , (). : .
, . (1982), , (). : .
, . (1983). , 1, (). : .
, .(1983). , 2, (). : .
, . (2004). . :
.

Web sites:
http://www.karatedojo.com/terms/terms.html
http://www.theshotokanway.com/karateterminology.html
Karate union of Australia. www.kua.com.au
http://www.kua.com.au/kihon.htm
http://www.alkimachon.gr/content/view/222/162/lang,el/