STUDY TOUR REPORT TO

PUSDIKLAT MIGAS
CEPU
ON JANUARY 01th - 07th -2015

Migas Vocational School

PREPARED BY :
Name
:
Septiana Dita Sari.
Class
:
XII EKI
No
:
27.

MIGAS VOCATIONAL SCHOOL

Kampus 1: Jl. Diponegoro No. 53 Telp/Fax. (0296)421120
Kampus 2: Komplek mentul Blok B No.2 Telp. (0296)423727
CEPU 58312
Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Drilling......................................................................................................3
2. Guidelines for fire fighting...........................................................................................5
3. Oil Purification..............................................................................................................9

1. DRILLING

1. Rig is a series of special equipment used to drill a well or wells to access. The main
characteristic of the rig is the tower made of steel that is used to raise and lower the
pipes tubular wells.
Generally, rig categorized into two kinds according to which it operates:

Onshore (land-rig): operates on land.

Rig sea (offshore-rig): operates on the surface of the water (sea, rivers, swamps, lakes
or river delta).

There are various offshore-rig are classified based on the depth of water:

Swamp barge: a maximum water depth of 7m alone. Very commonly used in a swamp
or river delta.

Tender barge: like swamp barge but in life in deeper waters.

Jackup rig: a platform that can float and has three or four "legs" which will be subjectdown. To be able to operate, all legs should be lowered to the seabed tread. Agencies
continue to be lifted up rig on the surface of the water so that the shape becomes a
kind of permanent platform. To move from one place to another, all legs must be
raised prior to the rig body floats on the water surface. The rig then drawn using
several boats drag to the desired location. Jackup rigs operating depth is from 5m to
200m.

Drilling jacket: steel structure platforms, generally small and suitable for use in calm
seas and shallow. Often combined with a jackup rig or tender barge.

Semi-submersible rigs: often just called "semis" is a kind of floating rigs. These rigs
are "tied" to the seabed using mooring ropes and anchors that fixed position on the
surface. By using the thruster, which is a kind of propeller around him, rig semis able
to dynamically adjust its position. Rig semis often used if the sea is too deep for
jackup rigs. Because the character is very stable, it is also popular rig is used in large
choppy sea areas and climates bad.

Drill ship: principle rig put on a ship. Highly suitable for use in the deep sea. The
position of the vessel is controlled by a computer berpengendali thruster system. Able
to move himself and power muatnya most often used in making remote areas or far
from land.

Of its functions, the rig can be classified into two kinds:

Drilling rig: rig used to drill wells, both new wells, new wells and deepen branch old
wells.

Workover rig: function to do something about the existing wells, eg for maintenance,
repair, closure, etc.

Rig components can be classified into five major sections:

Hoisting system: The main function of lowering and raising the tubular (pipe drilling,
completion equipment or pipe production) in and out of the wellbore. Tower rig (mast
or derrick) is included in this system.

Rotary system: serves to rotate the pipes in the well. In conventional drilling, drilling
pipe (drill strings) play eye-drill (drill bits) to dig wells.

Circulation system: to circulate the drilling fluid out of the well and keep the mud
properties as desired. The system includes (1) a high pressure pump to pump the mud
out of the wells and the low pressure pump to circulate on the surface, (2) equipment
for sludge conditioning: shale shaker serves to separate solid drilling results (cutting)
of mud; deSander to separate sand; degasser to remove the gas, desilter to separate
solid particles of small size, etc.

Blowout prevention system: equipment to prevent blowout (the explosion of the well
at the surface due to the high pressure of the well). The main one is the BOP (Blow
Out Preventer) which is composed of a variety of valves (valve) and installed at the
wellhead (wellhead).

Power system: that is the source of power to drive all over the system and also to
supply electricity. As an energy source, usually used large capacity diesel engines.

2. GUIDELINES FOR FIRE FIGHTING

Background
The workplace is one of the locations that are prone to fire hazards, and based on that the
government has set regulations to address the problem of fires. As stipulated in the Act No. 1
of 1970 on Occupational Safety Article 3, paragraph 1 which contains safety requirements
for: prevent, reduce and extinguish the fire; prevents and reduces blasting; provide
opportunities / road safety in a fire hazard; control the spread of smoke, gas, and temperature.
Process of Fire
Fire is fire uncontrolled and undesirable because it is likely to cause both loss of property and
loss of life. Fire can be formed if there is a balance of three elements consisting of fuel,
oxygen, and heat. Relationship these three components are usually referred to as the fire
triangle, so if where one element is removed, the fire will be extinguished.
Extinction Method
Based on the theory of the fire triangle outage engineering principles is to destroy the balance
of the third mixing elements cause of the fire, or to stop the burning process by breaking the
chain reaction. Principle it can be done with the following techniques:
1. Refrigeration (Cooling)

A fire can be extinguished by cooling the surface of the burning material by using water spray
to a temperature below the flash point. For fuels with a low flash point such as gasoline,
water cooling with the use of less effective. Cooling is used in putting out fires involving fuel
with a high flash point.

2. the covering (smothering)

A fire is limited by disconnecting the fuel with oxygen or air required for the combustion
process. A fire blanketed with CO2 or foam will stop the supply of air to the fire.
3. Separating combustible (Starvation)

The third method to satisfy the fire is to separate combustible

the road shut off the flow of fuel to the fire place or stop
supply of fuel.
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4. Breaking the chemical chain reaction

The combustion process of combining all three elements produce other gases
such as H2S, NH3, HCN (according to the burning object). The results are important reaction
is free of O and H atoms are known as atomatom OH radicals are formed and broken into H 2
and O atoms O radicals can form a larger fire. So this is the way outage break the chain
reaction of combustion with fire extinguishing media which works chemically.
Fire Classification
The purpose of classification is to identify the type of fire extinguisher media so that they can
choose the right media for a fire based classification. Classification of fires in Indonesia
specified in the Ministerial Regulation No. 04 / Men / 1980 refers to the NFPA as follows:
1. Class A: Solid material except metal (wood, charcoal, paper, plastic, etc.)
2. Class B: Materials and gas liquid (Petrol, Diesel, kerosene, asphalt, alcohol, LPG, etc.).
3. Class C: voltage electrical equipment
4. Class D: Material Metal (magnesium, aluminum, potassium, etc.).
Extinguishing Media Type

A. Liquid Extinguishing Media

1. Water: Water may be used as a fire extinguisher class A and B.
2. Foam: Effective fire fighting class A and B, especially if the surface is very extensive
burning.
3. CO2: Suitable for extinguishing fires of class B and C.
B. Media Fire Solid
1. Sand and Soil
Effective to extinguish fires of class A and B but only for spills of oil or oil in small
quantities.
2. Flour Chemistry
How it works in a chemical powder to extinguish the fire is to separate or wrap material with
air and chemically break the chain reaction of combustion.
In blackouts to note:
1. The direction of the wind
2. Type the burning material
3. Volume and potential flammable materials
4. The location and environmental situation
5. The duration of burning
6. extinguishers available
Techniques Using Media Fire
A. Hydrant
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For suppression technique with a hydrant to be considered for the nozzle holder is:
1. Position the feet are always horses
2. Open or close the water jets should be directed upwards.
3. When the radiation of the jet should nozzleman should be in a position where (stop) and
remember
the danger of back pressure of the water jets.
4. if you must move the beam curtain, not stepping foot but shifted and always form horses.
5. The view is always ahead in the direction of the fire and always pay attention to teamwork.
6. How to hold the nozzle in accordance with the principles of ergonomics are safe and
adapted to technical outages diiginkan.
Principle How to Throw Hose
1. The direction of the throw from the water source towards fire
2. Event hose must not be twisted
3. Hose should not be pulled or dragged along the ground
4. For hose reels:
- With horizontal thrown down
- With brought runs (special clutch instantaneous)
5. For folds hose ends immediately taken to the direction of the fire.
Summarizing Method principle Hose
1. Align the hose so that there is no indentation
2. Discard the water in the hose from the water source to the direction of fire
3. Roll the hose from the water source to the fire direction
4. Put the clutch in rolls, single / double
B. APAR (small fire extinguisher)
Before doing extinguishing the fire extinguisher must be tested prior to opening the safety
lock and directing the nozzle upwards.
1. chemical powder type: do a test on the set of APAR and point nozzle upwards, handle on
tap / hit.
2. Type CO2: do a test on the set point the fire extinguisher nozzle upwards do not hold the
funnel (horn) while putting out the fire.
3. Mechanical Foam Type: nozzle held at the air inlet.
4. Type chemical foam: APAR note not to clogged hose.
5. Finish outage jet nozzle should always be directed downwards.
Fire Safety Guidelines
As a guideline each will act in fire fighting should prioritize
life safety (safe-life first) either themselves or safety team. For that each department should:
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1. Firmly and discipline

2. A quiet, alert (easy to think) and confidence.
3. Compact in teamwork
4. Fast and efficient
5. Each finished extinguishing the fire has been extinguished assure backward to a safe
distance and do not immediately turn around. This can be achieved due to the familiar, from
the experience and skills gained in
exercise.

3.Oil Purification

Oil refinery
Refinery (oil refinery) is a factory / industrial facilities to process crude oil into petroleum
products that can be directly used as well as other products that become the raw material for
the petrochemical industry. The major products produced from oil refineries, among others:
oil petrol (gasoline), diesel oil, kerosene (kerosene). The oil refinery is a highly complex
industrial facilities with various types of process equipment and supporting facilities. In
addition, the development also requires a very large cost.
Oil Purification Process
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The new crude oil pumped out of the ground and unprocessed generally not very useful. In
order to be optimally utilized, the crude oil to be processed first in the oil refinery.

contains about 500 types of hydrocarbons

with the number of atoms C-1 study, go to 50, because the boiling point of carbon has
increased with increasing number of C atoms in the molecule . Therefore processing (refining
= refining) petroleum done through fractional distillation, where crude oil is separated into
groups (factions) with similar boiling points. At first, crude oil at a temperature of about 400
C, then poured into a fractionating tower. High boiling point components will remain liquid
and fell to the bottom, while the lower boiling point will evaporate and rise to the top through
the lid.
Broadly speaking, a process which takes place in the refinery can be classified into five parts,
namely:
1. Distillation process, namely the refining process based on differences in boiling point;
This process takes place in Atmospheric Distillation Column and Column Vacuum
Distillation.
2. The conversion process, which is a process to change the size and structure of
hydrocarbon compounds. Included in this process are:
3. Decomposition by means of thermal and catalytic cracking (thermal and catalytic
cracking)
4. Unification through alkylation and polymerization process
5. Alteration through isomerization and catalytic reforming process
Processing (treatment). This process is intended to prepare hydrocarbon fractions for further
processing, also to be processed into the final product.
Formulation and mixing (blending), which is the process of mixing hydrocarbon fractions
and the addition of additives to obtain the final product with a certain spec.
Other processes, which include: sewage treatment, the removal of salt water (sour-water
stripping), the process of obtaining re-sulfur (sulfur recovery), the process of heating, cooling
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process, the process of making hydrogen, and other supporting processes.

Distillation Process
The initial phase of the process of refining a process of distillation (distillation) which took
place in the Atmospheric Distillation Column and Column Vacuum Distillation. In the second
unit of this process crude oil is distilled into fractions, ie gas, light distillates (such as
gasoline), middle distillates (such as kerosene, diesel oil), fuel oil (gas oil), and is based on
the fraction residu.Pemisahan boiling point.
Distillation column in the form of a cylindrical pressure vessel is high (about 40 m) and in it
there is tray-tray that serves to separate and collect the hot fluid that evaporates upwards.
Heavy hydrocarbon fraction collects in the bottom of the column, while fractions lighter will
accumulate in the upper part of the column.
Hydrocarbon fractions obtained from this distillation column will be further processed in
units of other processes, such as: Fluid Catalytic Cracker, etc.
Cracking or Pyrolisis Cracking or pyirolisis is the process of solving large hydrocarbon
molecules into molecules smaller with heating or catalyst. Gasalin gasoline heavy gas oil
(anti-knock) recycle stock. With the adequate heating and catalyst then paraffin hydrocarbons
will be broken into two or more fragments and one form olefins. All the cracking reaction is
endothermic and involves high energy. Cracking process include:
1. Pure thermal cracking process This process is the process of breaking large molecules
of hydrocarbon substances are carried out at high temperatures acting on the starting
material for a certain time. In practice it is impossible set of products produced. A
cracking process, usually in addition to produce petrol (gasoline) also contains
molecules smaller (gas) and the molecules are larger (have a higher boiling point than
gasoline). Cracking process undertaken to produce gasoline fractions by weight of
which have a poor octane because it generally increases the octane number if the
boiling point down. Then the cracking of heavy gas will be obtained an improvement
in the quality of the burner material caused by two things, namely:

The decline in the average boiling point

The formation of alkenes

2. Thermal cracking process with catalyst With the catalytic cracking reaction can occur
at lower temperatures. The advantages of thermal-catalytic process are:

Comparison between petrol to gas is very good because it is caused by

cracking his short time at a lower temperature.

Gasoline produced showing the octane number the better. With the catalyst can
occur isomerization process, wherein the chain alkenes with bullet converted
into branched hydrocarbons, aromatics ensued in higher gasoline fractions that
also can affect the octane number.

3. Cracking process with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) When water-free oil with low
aromatic content is heated with anhydrous AlCl3 at a temperature of 180-2000C it
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will form a gas in a state and a certain time. Materials that do not contain aromatic (eg
pure paraffin) with 2 or 5% AlCl3 can change the majority (90%) of the material it
into gasoline, the other part will be left as charcoal in a kettle. Surprisingly in this
process gas is generated does not contain alkenes but still has a considerable octane
number, it is probably because most of the branched alkenes.
The major products of oil refineries are:
1. Petroleum gas (ashole). Oil and gas is the most important product of the oil refinery.
2. Kerosene (kerosene)
3. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
4. Distillate oil (distillate fuel)
5. Oil residue (residual fuel)
6. Coke (coke) and asphalt
7. Chemicals solvents (solvent)
8. Petrochemical raw materials
9. Lubricant

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