Q7. A. Describe stability requirement for dry-docking. B.

A ship of 8000
tonne displacement, 110m long, floats in sea water of 1.024t/m3 at draughts
of 6m forward and 6.3 m aft. The TPC is 16, LCB 0.6 m aft of midships, LCF
3m aft of midships and MCT1cm 65 tonne m, the vessel now moves into
fresh water of 1.000t/m3. Calculate the distance a mass of 50 tonne must be
moved to bring the vessel to an even keel and determine the final draught.
Answer:- (A) The requirements for safe stability during docking and undocking
may therefore be given by six golden rules as follows
(1)The mean draft selected should be such that the critical GM on docking is
positive ( The Master should verify with the help of the loadicator that the mean
draft recommended by the yard is safe and results in a positive critical GM.)
(2) The ship should always be upright during docking and undocking. This
requires monitoring of the clinometers during the docking operation and take
suitable corrective action by transferring water or bunkers from port to starboard
or starboard to port as required. No water should be pumped in or out of the ship
as that would affect the selected displacement of the ship.
(3) Do not exceed the recommended mean draft of the ship
(4) Do not exceed the recommended stern trim.
(5) Ensure all bilges and bilge tanks are dry and there is no unaccounted water
on board .
(6) Soundings of all tanks containing F.W , Ballast, F.O., D.O., and L.O. must be
recorded and must be the same for each tank at the time of undocking.

Answer:- Reserve Buoyancy is the potential buoyancy of a ship and depends

upon the intact, watertight volume above the waterline. When a mass is added to
a ship, or buoyancy is lost due to bilging, the reserve buoyancy is converted into
buoyancy by increasing the draught. If the loss in buoyancy exceeds the reserve
buoyancy the vessel will sink.

2019 juneQ5. If a ship is seriously damaged under water in way of a large

fuel side bunker tank what is the immediate effect and what may ultimately
happen? What features in the ship would enhance safety?
Answer:- Answer:- I am depicting two different tank system to show the effect
and their comparison for safety and convenience.

Fig 1 shows the older system without the provision of the overflow tank. Fig 2
shows the modern system with overflow tank.
In both these cases , since seawater is heavier than fuel oil the oil will not gush
out of the damage area but the seawater will enter the tank and the equilibrium
level attained will be in the air pipe of the bunker tank which is higher than the
sea level outside. These conditions are based on the reality that the sea is
relatively calm. Hence in both the systems overflow of oil will not occur
Considering the older system if an attempt to empty the damaged tank is done by
transferring its contents using the fuel oil transfer pump,, only sea water will be
removed through the damaged tank , without removing the oi and it will be an
endless process since the sea is connected to the pump.
Whereas in the second system the extraction of oil from the overflow tank will
give a continuous flow of oil to the pump till all the oil is extracted, and when
water appears at the pump suction, the pumping can be stopped . The
contaminated oil collected in an alternate empty tank can be purified used.
The damage which may be caused by corrosion or mechanical damage may be
attended at the due dry docking which may have to be advanced.