06.
(CONTROL TRIM, STABILITY and STRESS )
A officers need to be mainly aware of which of the given
1. A bulk freighter 270.26 M. in length, 18.3 M. beam,
with a waterplane coefficient of 0.84, is floating in
salt water at a draft of 6.4 M. How many tons
would it take to increase the mean draft by 1 cm ?
81.6 tons
2. A Bulk Vessel is to load a cargo of grain; pre
loading calculations show that IMO stability
criteria cannot be achieved; the vessel should do
which of the following? The grain surfaces in some
or all of the cargo spaces must be secured
3. A bulk vessel loads a full cargo to summer marks of
a high density bulk cargo such as iron ore
concentrate; what would be the possible stability
conditions produced? The vessel will normally
have a large intact metacentric height (GM) and
have a fast roll period
4. A cargo of 40 tons is to be lifted with a boom
located 12.192 M. from the ship's centerline. The
ship's displacement including the suspended cargo
is 8,000 tons and the GM is 0.61 M. with cargo
suspended. What will the list of the vessel be with
the cargo suspended? 5.7 degree
5. A chemical tanker intended to transport products
with appreciably severe environmental and safety
hazards which require significant preventative
measures to preclude escape of such cargo, usually
of double-hull construction, with a variety of tank
sizes / capacities is rated as: A type II chemical
tanker, as per the IBC Code.
6. A cofferdam, a pumproom or an empty tank,
located between cargo tanks containing cargoes or
cargo residues which might react with each other in
a hazardous manner, are all acceptable methods of
segregation in chemical tanker stowage according
to the IBC Code. For this purpose, it may also be
acceptable to have: An intervening cargo tank
containing a mutually com patible cargo or cargo
residues.
7. A General Cargo vessel develops an angle of loll
while loading a heavy item of deck cargo alongside
the jetty. You should immediately: Stop cargo,
reduce FSE in tanks, lower weights within vessel
and fill small ballast tank on low side of vessel.
8. A General Cargo vessel is deemed to be cargo worthy
when: The hatch covers and/or hatch pontoons are
weather tight
9. A general cargo vessel is loading to its Summer Marks.
Upon completion of loading, the final level of the
water would be at: The top of the summer load line
mark.
10. A general cargo with a large metacentric height
(GM) would be expected to have: A fast roll
period and large righting levers (GZ Levers).
11. A loaded bulk carrier experiences heavy ice
accretion on deck forward, what are the major
concerns of the changes in stability? Reduction of
metacentric height (GM) and loss of freeboard
forward
12. A long oblong space as would be found in an after
upper deck. Conventional reefer vessels are usually
designed with fine lines and large flared bows.
Consequently, in adverse weather conditions,
especially from forward of the beam, the navigating
options? This type of vessel is prone to large hull
deflections which may result in structural damage.
13. A ship is inclined by moving a weight of 30 tons a
distance of 9.144 M from the centerline. A 8.53 M
pendulum shows a deflection of 0.305 M.
Displacement including weight moved is 4,000 tons.
KM is 8.425 M. What is the KG ? 6.5 M
14. A vessel carries three slack tanks of gasoline (SG
.68). The vessel's displacement is 8,000 tons. Each
tank is 15.24 M. long and 6.096 M. wide. What is
the reduction in GM due to free surface with the
vessel floating in sea water (SG 1.026)? 0.610 M.
15. A vessel with a GM of 1.22 M. is inclined to
10degree. What is the value of the righting arm?
0.21 M
16. A vessel with a GM of 4 feet is inclined to 10 degrees.
What is the value of the righting arm? 2.3 feet
17. A vessel’s mean draft is 29’-07”. At this draft, the
TPI is 152. The mean draft after loading 1360 tons
will be….. 30’-04”
18. Achieving a good air flow through the various cargo
compartment of a reefer vessel is a principal design
aim of a Naval Architect. Which of the options given
represents the optimum cargo space shape? A square
space as would be found in a midships lower deck.
19. After discharging a high density cargo a serious
crack is found in an upper ballast tank amidships of
a Bulk Carrier; what must the Master do? Inform
Designated Person Ashore (DPA) and call in
Classification Society
20. An inclination of a vessel due to negative stability is
known as Angle of Loll
21. An Oil tanker experiences large bending moments
and therefore the deck scantlings must be
maintained within "x" length amidships, where "x"
is: 0.4 Length
22. As per IBC Code, the information contained in the
loading and stability information booklet, which
must be supplied to the master of a chemical
tanker, shall include: Details of typical service and
ballast conditions, provisions for evaluating other
conditions of loading and a summary of the ship's
survival capabilities, together with sufficient
information to enable the master to load and
operate the ship in a safe and seaworthy manner.
23. As per MARPOL, the formula for calculating the
minimum draft amidships for crude tankers in ballast
condition is: 2.0 + 0.02L
24. As per the IBC Code, an independent tank on a
chemical tanker is defined as: One which is
not contiguous with, or part of the hull structure.
25. At large angles of inclination, the transverse
metacenter will Remain fixed on the transverse
centerline
B
C
D
E
26. Earlier cellular reefer vessels were constructed with a
'porthole system' for supplying refrigerated air via
ducting to containers. Modern vessels are designed to
supply only electrical power to integral containers.
Select the main reason for this change in design to the
 06. (CONTROL TRIM, STABILITY and STRESS )
vessels and containers from the options given. 40. Large bulk carriers are more likely to suffer from
The 'porthole' system design was extremely complex cracks in structure in which of the following parts
and construction costs were high. of the vessel? Around hatch corners and upper
27. Earlier reefer vessels designed and built for liner trade ballast tanks amidships
usually had two or three tween decks approximately 2 M
to 2.5 metres in height and deep lower holds 41. Morrish’s Formula is used to determine Height of the
approximately 4 to 5 metres deep. Modern designs Center of Buoyancy
usually incorporate more decks each approximately 2.3 N
metres in height. What is the main reason for this 42. Not counting actual capacity or structural and
fundamental design change? There is an almost cargo specific limitations, the IBC Code states that
universal use of standard height pallets for a single tank on a type 3 chemical tanker:
28. Every oil tanker of 5,000 tonnes deadweight and above There is no applicable filling restriction.
delivered on or after 1 February 2002 shall comply
with intact stability whereby it must have a minimum
O
GM (metacentric height) in port of: Not less than 0.15 43. On a hold inspection of a Bulk Carrier it is noted
m that a number of transverse frame beam knees are
slightly distorted; what is the significance of this?
F This indicates the vessel is suffering racking stress
29. For a container stowed in a position equidistant and is potentially serious
from the roll and pitch axes of a ship, what will 44. On a roro vessel, in addition to longitudinal, transverse
quarter the acceleration forces acting on it? and vertical accelerations what else must be taken into
Doubling the roll period account when calculating the external forces acting on
G a cargo unit? Longitudinal and transverse forces by
H wind pressure
30. How are ship's stability characteristics affected by 45. On a vessel of 8,000 tons displacement, compute the
Parametric Rolling? By the constant change of reduction in metacentric height due to free surface
underwater hull geometry as waves travel past the in a hold having free water in the tank tops. The
ship hold is 12.192 M. long and 6.096 M. wide. The
31. How is the size of a reefer vessel normally referenced? reduction in metacentric height is 0.03 M
By the cubic foot capacity. 46. On the attached hydrostatic curves, what is the value of
I KM when the draft is 18 feet? 9.5 feet
32. If a load is suspended from the hook of a crane. 47. One long ton is equivalent to 2240 pounds
What effect does that have on a vessel’s stability? P
The weight acts upon the vessel from the head of the 48. Prior to loading heavy lift cargoes on a General Cargo
crane Vessel, it must be ensured that: There are minimum
33. If a vessel is inclined due to an external force, free surface moments in tanks.
assuming that weight on the vessel remain fixed, you Q
would expect G and B to both move. R
34. If properly secured what benefits do high sided car S
carriers have over other ship types regarding
49. Select from the options given the one which best
seaworthiness? They can roll to very large angles completes the following statement. "Reefer vessels,
without taking in water
loaded with a homogenous cargo, usually operate with
35. In a single side skin bulk carrier of 155m in length
a small GM due to the fact that… …they are designed
constructed in 2000 and carrying cargo of density
with fine lines and the biggest cargo spaces are at the
1010 kg/cu.m., which cargo hold should be able to
top of the holds."
withstand flooding? Any cargo hold
50. Since 1st January 2007, as per changes introduced
36. In a single side skin bulk carrier of 180m in length by amendment to MARPOL and IBC Code, it has
constructed in 2001 and carrying cargo of density
become mandatory for vegetable oils to be carried
1,780 kg/m3, or above, which cargo hold is
in: Double hull tankers.
strengthened to withstand flooding? The foremost
cargo hold T
37. In some reefer trades cargoes of chilled horse meat 51. The DEEP DRILLER is loaded as shown in the
carcasses are stowed hanging from deckhead rails in Sample Load Form #1 (Transit). Weather
refrigerated locker spaces. What position should the conditions require ballasting to survival draft.
centre of gravity be assumed to be at when carrying out Assume that 3707.66 tons of ballast are added at an
the stability calculations for a vessel with such a stow? average VCG of 2.536 M. What would be the value
At the deckhead of the lockers. of uncorrected KG? 15.743 M.
38. In the diagram on the right, which of the following 52. The design pressure for a cargo compartment on a
represents the righting arm? GZ chemical tanker to meet the definition and
39. In the diagram onthe right, the distance between the requirements of a “pressure tank” must be:
points B and M is known as: Metacentric Radius Greater than 0.7 bar gauge.
53. The disadvantages of large double bottom tanks on
J a double hull oil tanker are: Increased free surface
K effect and reduced transverse metacentric height.
L
 06. (CONTROL TRIM, STABILITY and STRESS )
54. The geometric center of the underwater volume of a
floating vessel is the center of Buoyancy
55. The IMO Convention that is not applicable to a general
cargo vessel when it is carrying timber deck cargoes is:
The International Tonnage Convention
56. The maximum quantity of cargo permitted to be
carried in a single tank on a type 1 chemical tanker
as per the IBC Code is: 1250 cubic metres
57. The maximum quantity of cargo permitted to be
carried in a single tank on a type 2 chemical tanker as
per the IBC Code is: 3000 cubic metres
58. The metacentric height of a vessel is the distance from:
The center of gravity to the metacenter
59. The minimum permissible distance measured
horizontally between the ship's shell plating and the
outer side bulkhead of the first cargo compartment on a
type II chemical tanker is: Not less than 760 mm.
60. The number of long tons necessary to change the mean
draft of a vessel 1 inch is known as the Tons per inch
immersion
61. The point at which all vertically downward forces of
weight are considered to be concentrated is the Center
of gravity
62. The ratio of the volume of displacement to a block
having length, breadth and draft of the vessel Is known
as the vessel’s Block Coefficient
63. The scantling draft of an oil tanker fitted with
segregated ballast tanks is: The draught for which
the structural strength of the ship has been designed
64. The side to side, bodily motion of a vessel is known as
Yawing
65. The value of GZ is no longer able to be calculated
using GM Sine Angle of Heel formula at? Larger
angles of heel
66. The value of the GZ lever at small angles of heel on a
General Cargo Vessel can be denoted by the formula:
KM - KG x Sin angle of heel.
67. The vessel is instructed to load alternate holds when
chartered to carry a high density cargo. What
reasons could be given by the master to refuse to do
this? IMO do not recommend alternate loading of
cargo holds with high density cargoes.
68. There is excessive trim by the stern with little
freeboard aft Your vessel’s draft is 16-00” fwd and
18-00” aft. The MT1 is 500 ft-tons. How many tons
of water must be shifted from the after peak to the
forepeak, a distance of 250 feet, to bring her to an
even draft forward and aft ? 48 tons
69. To Check stability, a weight of 35 tons is lifted with
the jumbo boom, whose head is 10.668 M. From the
ships centerline. The clinometer shows a list if 7˚
with the weightsuspended. Displacement including
the weight us 14,000 tons, the GM condition is 0.22
m 88. What specific data must be displayed on the loading
70. Two conventional reefer vessels are being considered
for a charter that involves the transhipment at sea, or at
anchor, of a cargo of frozen squid, as weather permits.
Both vessels have 4 holds, vessel A has high speed, 10
tonne deck cranes and vessel B has 5 tonne, union
purchase derricks. Which of the vessels, if any, would
be best suited to this type of operation? Vessel B
would be more suitable as the derricks will give more
control of the operation at sea or at anchor.
U
V
W
71. What are the effects of a bulk vessel loading a high
density cargo resulting in a large metacentric height
(GM)? Have a fast roll period and possibly suffer
racking stresses
72. What are the main elements in a damage control plan?
Boundaries of the watertight compartments for decks
and holds. Position of controls for opening and closing
of watertight compartments. Arrangement for
correction of list due to flooding.
73. What arrangement may be installed in passenger ships
to reduce unsymmetrical flooding in damaged
condition? Cross flooding arrangement
74. What differences in design are there between a
standard cargo hold and a cargo hold which can
also be used for ballast on a Bulk Carrier? The
ballast hold hatch cover must be fitted with
additional securing devices
75. What does heaving result in? Vertical
accelerations acting along container corner posts
76. What is the disadvantage of using High Tensile
Steel (HTS) in ship construction? Enhanced
vibration in HTS areas
77. What is the full name of the International
Convention dealing with stability of passenger
ships? The International Convention for the Safety
of Life at Sea
78. What is the primary cause of fatigue damage to the
hull girder? The number of repeated stress cycles
79. What is the purpose of girders in the tank? They
support the stiffeners and also take up some of the sea
forces
80. What is the result of a "high metacentric height"?
The vessel will roll violently
81. What is the result of a large metacentric height?
The ship will roll violently.
82. What is usually the effect on G when the ship is
damaged? It is unchanged
83. What measures regarding ship stability should be taken
in order to make passenger ships able to withstand
critical damage? Maintain sufficient intact stability
84. What measures the stability of a vessel at all angles of
inclination? The righting moment
85. What must by carefully checked when loading a
bulk carrier to maximum draft The minimum bow
height must be maintained
86. What roll amplitude is generally used by
classification societies in calculating rolling forces?
24 - 30 degrees
87. What special design feature is attributed to roro vessels
which are only car carriers? A very large windage
area
instruments carried on bulk carriers of 150m or more
in length? The shear forces exerted on the hull
structure associated with the entered loaded weight
distribution
89. What type of dynamic forces may cause indent in
plating on forecastle deck and main deck in way of
pillars inside forecastle? Pressure forces caused by
green water on deck
 06. (CONTROL TRIM, STABILITY and STRESS )
90. What would a cracked cross-deck plating found
during a loaded passage on a bulk carrier indicate?
That shear forces have been exceeded
91. What would indicate the onset of Parametric
Rolling? When the wave encounter period
approaches the natural roll period of the ship
92. Your vessel is damaged, listing to port and on
occasion flopping to the same angle to starboard. It
has a long, slow, sluggish roll around the angle of
list. There is excessive trim by the stern with little
freeboard aft. What action should you take FIRST
to correct this situation? Press up any slack double-
bottom tanks forward of the tipping center, then fill
the forepeak if empty
93. When a cargo with a KG above the KG of the vessel is
discharged, the vessel’scenter of gravity will Move
downward
94. When cross-flooding arrangements to correct
unsymmetrical flooding and excessive heel angels in
damaged condition are installed in passenger ships,
what is the maximum angle of heel after flooding
but before equalization? 15 degrees
95. When displacement increases, the free surface
corrections for slack tanks Decrease
96. When do vertical accelerations acting on containers
reach their maximum values? When a ship changes
direction at its extreme angle of pitch
97. When does wind force cause heeling moments on a
container ship? When the on-deck containers
present a certain profile to the wind direction
98. When loading heavy lift cargoes on a general cargo
vessel, positive stability can be maintained by:
Completely filling the ship's double bottom tanks and
continuously monitoring the loading operation.
99. When will a ro-ro vessel pitch heavily? When wave
lengths are equal to the ship's length
100. Where are cargo hold water level detectors required to
be fitted on bulk carriers? At the after end of each
cargo hold
101. Which motion of the vessel does a ship’s officer most
easily control through transverse stability stowage?
rolling
102. Which of the below structures of bulk carriers are
considered critical? Upper and lower connection of
main side frames
103. Which of the following best describes the moment of
inertia about the longitudinal axis? The measure of a
ship’s resistance to heaving.
104. Which of the following describes the term couple?
Two equal forces acting on a body in opposite
directions along the centerline of the Vessel
105. Which of the following is a characteristic of a “stiff
ship? A large GM
106. Which of the following is true of a vessel in a neutral
stability condition? G is at the same height as M
107. Which of the following is true of synchronous rolling?
It occurs when the natural rolling of the vessel is the
same as the ocean wave periods
108. Which of the following requirements regarding on
board stability data corresponds to present regulations?
(NSCL 4/12.1) A calculation example showing the
use of "KG" limitation curves.
109. Which of the following requirements to ships stability
for normal operation corresponds to present
regulations? (NSCL 4/12.2) The ship is loaded in such
a manner that adequate stability is achieved in all
loading condition.
110. Which of the following would represent the height
of the center of gravity on a vessel? KM – GM
111. Which plan shows the position of the vertical and
longitudinal centres of gravity for each cargo
compartment of a Bulk Carrier? Vessel stability
book
112. Which type of material is normally used in the
construction of a cargo tank designed for transporting
LPG at atmospheric pressure? Carbon-Manganese
steel
113. Who is responsible for maintaining the vessel's
structural strenght? The Master
114. Why are pure roro car carriers considered as being
high risk design vessels where their stability is
concerne Because they can easily capsize if there is
ingress of water or ballast operations are not
handled correctly
115. Why is it important in a roro vessel to ensure that
cargo is loaded in a uniform way To prevent high
sheer forces and bending moments on the vessel
during the loading / discharge operations
116. Why would a very large container vessel pitch more
than a feeder vessel? Because pitching varies with
ship's length
X
Y
117. You are at sea on a vessel whose beam is 12.192 M.
And the full rolling period is 20 sec, what is the
estimated metacentric height of the vessel? 0.243 M
118. Your vessel is damaged and is listing to port. The
rolling period is short. There is sufficient freeboard
so that deck edge submersion is not a problem.
What corrective action should be taken FIRST in
regard to the vessel's stability? Shift any off-center
weights from port to starboard
119. Your vessel is damaged with no list, but down by
the stern. There is progressive flooding and trim by
the stern is increasing. What is the effect on
transverse stability after the deck edge at the stern
is submerged? BM Decreases from lost of water
plane and greater volume
120. Your vessel is damaged, listing to port and occasion
flooping to the same angle to starboard. It has a long,
slow, sluggish roll around the angle of list. There is
excessive trim by the stern with little freeboard aft.
What action should you take FIRST to correct this
situation ? Press up any slack double_bottom tanks
forward of the tipping center, then fill the forepeak if
empty
Z