National Polytechnic School

Faculty of Engineering Geology and Petroleum

GIS-for Petroleum Students GRA-2016B
Jami Cocha Rodrigo, EPN., GIS for Petroleum Students.

Date: Wednesday, 10 of August of 2016 .

Prioritize alternatives for the location of a recreational park in San Miguel

de los Bancos Canton.
1. Abstract
San Miguel de Los Bancos is a canton in the Ecuadorian province of Pichincha located 94 kilometers from the
city of Quito, it was created on February 14, 1991 characterized by its wide variety of flora and fauna, comprising
26 population centers (called so when there are at least 10 houses and 1 school). Because the canton is highly
tourist authorities have been more concerned in creating new attractions in the implementation and construction
of recreational parks for the population of the canton, the project was conducted for an alternative for the
construction of a recreational park in the canton, using the methodology of analytical hierarchies Saaty, this
method allows us to include a three-level hierarchy based on having objective criteria and alternatives, according
to this method can give priority to alternatives or give priority to certain actions to implement a project within a
territory, this giving specific weights and values you can increase or decrease the total value of the criteria.

2. Keywords

San Miguel de los Bancos

Prioritize alternatives
Recreational park

3. Introduction
The San Miguel de Los Bancos Canton has several touristic attractions due to its varied landscapes created by
the mountain range and hydrography, which has led both the people and the authorities prioritize the tourism
economy, but has not launched projects for the construction of recreational parks in this Canton, this research
project carried out a study for the location of a recreational park in the Canton, this is done using QGIS and using
the methodology of the method of Saaty, this method is a hierarchy with priorities showing the overall preference
for each of the decision alternatives. By building a hierarchical model, it allows an efficient and graphically
organizes information about a problem, break it down and analyze it by parts, show the effects of changes in
levels and synthesis, providing the possibility of including quantitative data on decision alternatives.

4. Materials and Methods

The San Miguel de los Bancos Canton is located in the northwest of the Pichincha Province in the western flank
of the Cordillera de los Andes, The Canton comprises 26 towns (called so when there are at least 10 houses
and 1 school), due to increasing population and lack of recreational parks for the people of Canton this research
project was carried out, which is a prospective design of the implementation of a recreational park, prioritizing
variables as the distance between the park and rivers, roads, populated areas and health centers, this was done
using a matrix of pairwise comparisons where these variables are nested succeeded in identifying the degree of
importance or impact.
Saaty method was implemented in conjunction with the matrix of pairwise comparisons, then using the program
QGIS possible points or sites for recreational park location is determined.

4.1 Rating scale: 1 = restricted 5 = excellent

4.2 Valuation criterion

The rivers that are at a distance of 0-10 m, preferably recreational area with a value of 5. This to add a
scenic beauty to the recreational area by the presence of the river. But also it will be considered less
important distances up to 15 m (value = 3) and 20 m (value = 1) in the BUFFERS.

The recreation area is within a margin of 2 km from the town center (value = 5), for ease of visitors to the
Canton and thus increase visitor traffic to the recreational area. Buffers also 4 km (value = 3) were taken
into account.

The recreation area is at a maximum distance of 4 km from health centers to provide care for possible
incidental accidents.

The recreational area should be at least 10 hectares.

4.3 Process

In the QGIS program data will be uploaded type shp., The San Miguel de los Bancos Canton, as well as
rivers, roads, populated areas and health centers.

Do the buffers of each variable and normalize as the valuation criterion.

Convert to raster buffers each variable and add up.

Multiply each variable importance with weights obtained in pairwise comparisons matrix and add up,
which results in a weighted linear sum of all variables.

Make a polygon the final raster layer.

Perform a spatial query and verify how many polygons meet the criteria recreational park area.

5. Results and Discussion

Distance from rivers

Pairwise Comparisons Matrix

Distance from
Distance from
Distance from population
rivers
roads
centers
1
0,5
0,166666667

Health Centers
0,2

Distance from roads

0,2

Distance from population centers

Health Centers

0,5

0,333333333

SUM

14

1,7

6,2
AVERAGE

Distance from rivers

0,071428571

0,071428571

0,098039216

0,032258065

0,068288606

Distance from roads

0,142857143

0,142857143

0,117647059

0,322580645

0,181485497

Distance from population centers

0,428571429

0,714285714

0,588235294

0,483870968

0,553740851

Health Centers

0,357142857

0,071428571

0,196078431

0,161290323

0,196485046

SUM

After comparing the priorities of the variables in the matrix of pairwise comparisons and analyze these variables with respect to the importance of
the location of the new recreational park in the Qgis program 7 possible places of location of the park is determined.
It should take into consideration that the analysis of the layers of rivers and roads is the place in shape format, because it was not possible Rasterize
the buffers of these layers, while the analysis of the layers of population centers and health centers was conducted in raster layer by the possibility
of doing, then the raster calculator was used to generate a new one that includes all previous layers. Finally vector layers and raster layers together
to identify feasible areas for the construction of recreational park was analyzed.

6. Conclusion
By implementing variables layers of Los Bancos Canton, rivers, roads, population centers and health centers in
the QGIS program and having regard to the weight of each of the variables obtained by pairwise comparisons
matrix, 7 points or feasible for the construction of a recreational park areas was determined.
3 feasible areas determined in the parish Puerto Quito for the implementation of the recreational park while in
parishes Valle Hermoso, San Miguel de los Bancos and Mindo was only established a zone respectively for the
construction of recreational park.

7. References
Saaty, T.L. (2008) Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process, Int. J. Services Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1,
pp.8398.