Bi 1: Gii thiu v phn mm Slope/W v b ch-ng trnh Geo-slope.

1. Ci t ch-ng trnh SLOPE/W

(Theo h-ng dn ca gio vin trn lp)
2. Gii thiu mt s phn mm tnh n nh mi dc hin nay
- Phn mm tng hp Plaxis (H Lan) : Da vo l thuyt cn bng gii hn thun tu, gii
quyt bi ton bng ph-ng php phn t hu hn -m hnh chuyn v. Phn mm tnh ton n
nh mi dc, t-ng chn gia c-ng neo thp, l-i vi a k thut, l-i ct thp, ...
-B phn mm Geo - Slope (Canada) : -c nhiu n-c trn th gii nh gi l b ch-ng
trnh mnh nht, -c dng ph bin nht hin nay, gm c 6 Modul sau :

SEEP/W : Phn tch thm.

SIGMA/W : Phn tch ng sut bin dng.
SLOPE/W : Phn tch n nh mi dc, mi dc c gia c-ng neo.
CTRAIN/W : Phn tch nhim trong giao thng.
TEMP/W : Phn tch a nhit.
QUAKE/W : Phn tch ng thi cc thnh phn trn.
3. Gii thiu phn mm SLOPE/W
Trong phn ny ch gii thiu mt s vn chnh ca phn mm Slope/w version 4.2, c th
xem thm h-ng dn chi tit cc lnh bng menu Help trong ch-ng trnh.

3.1. Mn hnh lm vic ca phn mm Slope/w

-Ca s chnh ( main window ) : Ging nh- bt k ch-ng trnh chy trong mi tr-ng
windows khc, ca s chnh ca Slope/w cng bao gm cc thnh phn sau : thanh tiu
cha tn ch-ng trnh v tn tp ang m, cc nt iu khin maximize, minimize, close, menu
bar, cc thanh cng c, thanh trng thi, vng ho, ... c tn l DEFINE.
T ca s chnh m n 2 ca s con th hin kt qu tnh ton c tn l CONTOUR v SOLVE.
-Thanh menu bar ( Bar menu ): Cha tt c cc lnh c th thc hin vi Slope/w : cc thanh
cng c

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Ca s chnh ch-ng trnh

Ca s kt qu ch-ng trnh

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-Thanh cng c chun ( Standard toolbar ) : Cung cp nhanh cc lnh c bn, thao tc vo, ra,
quan st m hnh ...
-Cc thanh cng c ni ( floalting toolbar ) : Cung cp nhanh cc lnh to m hnh, thay i m
hnh, chn ph-ng php phn tch, chnh sa v xem kt qu.
-Ca s hin th m hnh ( Dislay window ) : Dng ho cc s hnh hc, hin th kt
qu phn tch, gm c 2 ca s Define v Contour. mi thi im ch c mt ca s hot ng
-Thanh trng thi ( Status bar ) : Th hin thng tin hin thi ca m hnh nh v tr tr chut
trn mn hnh hin th, lnh ang thc thi ...

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3.2. M t cc menu c bn

1. File MENU :

2. Edit MENU

Cha cc lnh v file, kt xut d liu, in n.

3. Set MENU

4. View MENU

5. KeyIn MENU

6. Draw MENU

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7. Sketch MENU

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Bi 2: ng dng slope/w gii quyt bi ton n gin v

n nh b dc
Cc b-c s dng ch-ng trnh tnh n nh b dc sau:

B-c 1. Cc b-c thit lp c bn.

- Xc nh phm vi vng lm vic : Set\Page
- Xc nh t l v : Set\Scale
- Xc nh l-i v : Set\Grid
- L-u d liu vo tp : File\ Save

B-c 2: Phc tho bi ton

- V phc tho hnh dng ca b dc: Sketch\Lines.
- Xc nh ph-ng php tnh: KeyIn\Analysis Method
- Xc nh cc ty chn khi phn tch: KeyIn\Analysis Control
- Nhp cc thng s cho nn t: KeyIn\Material properties
- V cc -ng phn cch gia cc lp t trn bn v phc tho: Draw\Regions
- V -ng phn b p lc n-c l rng: Draw\Pore water pressure
- Xc nh bn knh mt tr-t v tm tr-t: Draw\Slip surface\Radius v Draw\Slip
surface\Grid.

B-c 3: Mt s ty chn khi phc tho bi ton

- Khai bo ti trng tp trung: Draw\Line loads
- Khai bo ti trng phn b: Draw\Pressure lines.
- tt cc im hoc s hiu cc im: View\ Preferences
- V trc ta : Sketch\axis
- Hin th c tnh ca t: View\Soil properties
- Gn nhn tn gi cho cc lp t: Sketch\Text
- B sung cc thng tin v bi ton: KeyIn\Project ID
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- Chn nh vo bn v: File\Import picture.

- Thay i v tr nh v cc i t-ng khc: Modify\Objects

B-c 4: Phn tch bi ton:

- Kim tra d liu nhp: Tools\Verify
- Phn tch bi ton: SOLVE

B-c 5: Xem kt qu tnh

- Xem kt qu phn tch: COUNTOUR
- V mt mt tr-t bt k: Draw\Slip surfaces
- Hin th kt qu theo cc ph-ng php khc nhau: View\Method
- Hin th lc tc dng ln tng phn t: View\ Slice information
- V -ng ng mc ca cc h s an ton: Draw\Contours
- Biu din kt qu trn th: Draw\Graph
- In bn v: Print

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Bi 3: l thuyt v n nh b dc v cc vn ch
1. M u
Mi dc l khi t c mt gii hn l mt dc (hnh 3.1). Mi dc -c hnh thnh hoc do tc
nhn t nhin ( s-n ni,b sng .v.v..) hoc do tc ng nhn to ( v d : taluy nn -ng
o, nn p, h mng, thn p t, .v.v..).

Hnh 3.1: Mt ct ngang mt b dc

Tt c cc mi dc u c xu h-ng gim dc n mt dng n nh hn, cui cng chuyn
sang nm ngang v trong bi cnh ny, mt n nh -c quan nim l khi c xu h-ng di
chuyn v ph hoi. i vi nn -ng o l do khi chn kch th-uc, hnh dng ca mi dc
ch-a hp l. Cc lc gy mt n nh lin quan ch yu vi trng lc v thm trong khi sc
chng ph hoi c bn l do hnh dng mi dc kt hp vi bn thn bn khng ct ca t
v to nn, do khi tnh ton n nh ca mi dc cn phi xt n y cc ni lc v
ngoi lc.
Nh- chng ta bit mi dc cng thoi th n nh s cng cao, nh-ng khi l-ng cng tc
t, din tch chim dng s cng ln, iu ny s dn n tri vi quan im kinh t hin nay.
V vy, mc tiu cui cng ca vic tnh ton n nh mi dc l xc nh -c dc mi
taluy tho mn yu cu kinh t v k thut.
nh gi n nh ca mi dc, v mt l thuyt hin nay tn ti nhiu ph-ng php tnh,
nh-ng c th gp chng thnh hai nhm ph-ng php chnh nh- sau:

+ Nhm ph-ng php theo l thuyt cn bng gii hn ca khi rn ( gi thit tr-c hnh
dng ca mt tr-t ) :
c im ca nhm ph-ng php dng mt tr-t gi nh l khng cn c trc tip vo tnh
hnh c th ca ti trng v tnh cht c l ca t p quy nh mt tr-t cho mi dc, m
xut pht t kt qu quan trc lu di cc mt tr-t ca mi dc trong thc t -a ra gi thit
n gin ho v hnh dng mt tr-t ri t nu ln ph-ng php tnh ton, ng thi xem
khi tr-t nh- l mt vt th rn trng thi cn bng gii hn.

+ Nhm ph-ng php da vo l thuyt cn bng gii hn thun tu :

Nhm l thuyt ny da trn gi thuyt chnh cho rng, ti mi im trong khi p t u
tho mn iu kin cn bng gii hn. Vic mt im mt n nh -c gii thch l do s xut
hin bin dng tr-t ti im . Cn mi t mt n nh l do s pht trin ca bin dng
tr-t trong mt vng rng ln gii hn ca khi t p.

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Trong hai nhm ph-ng php nu trn, "nhm ph-ng php da vo l thuyt cn bng gii
hn thun tu " vn m phng -c gn ng trng thi ng sut trong khi t b ph hoi, v
mt ton hc mang tnh logic cao, nh-ng im hn ch l ch-a xt -c bin dng th tch ca
khi t, ng thi l gii bi ton n nh ca mi dc theo ph-ng php ny ch-a -c p
dng rng ri trong thc t. Nhm ph-ng php "dng mt tr-t gi nh " tuy c nh-c im
l xem khi tr-t nh- l mt c th v -c gii hn bi mt tr-t v mt mi dc, ng thi
xem trng thi ng sut gii hn ch xy ra trn mt tr-t m thi, thc t th mt tr-t xy ra
rt phc tp, ph thuc vo s tc dng ca ti trng ngoi, vo tnh cht ca cc a tng v
vo cc yu t khc. Tuy vy tu theo tnh hnh c th ca tng cng trnh, m vic gi nh
tr-c cc mt tr-t cho ph hp, ng thi nhm ph-ng php ny tnh ton n gin hn v
thin v an ton hn so vi nhm ph-ng php l lun cn bng gii hn. Chnh v th thc t
hin nay s dng ph-ng php cn bng gii hn ca khi rn (gi thit tr-c hnh dng mt
tr-t) tnh ton n nh mi dc -c p dng rng ri hn.
2 . Ph-ng trnh cn bng ca khi t tr-t
lp ph-ng trnh cn bng gii hn ca khi t tr-t cc tc gi nh- K.E.Pettecxn, W.
Fellenius, Bishop, Sokolovski, K. Terzaghi u da vo cng thc ni ting ca A.C. Coulomb (
nh lut Mohr - Coulomb - xem C hc t ) xc nh ng sut ct :
s = c +ntg

(1.1)

Hoc s = c + (n u)tg (1.2)

Trong :
s -ng sut ct gii hn ti im bt k trn mt tr-t trng thi cn bng gii hn.
n-ng sut php gii hn ( vung gc vi mt tr-t ) trng thi cn bng gii hn .
c - Lc dnh n v ca t trng thi gii hn ng vi h s n nh ca mi dc.
- Gc ma st trong ca t ng vi trng thi gii hn ca t.
u - p lc n-c l rng.
Khi tnh ton n nh, mt tr-t gi nh tr-c c th l trn, hn hp ( t hp cc cung
tr-t trn v thng ) hoc hnh dng bt k -c xc nh bi hng lot nhng -ng thng.
Chia khi t tr-t ra thnh nhiu ct thng ng, mi ct t -c gii hn bi hai mt phng
thng ng v -c xem nh- mt vt rn nguyn khi ta ln trn cung tr-t. im khc nhau
c bn gia cc ph-ng php ca cc tc gi nu trn chnh l vic gi thit ph-ng, v tr tc
dng v gi tr ca cc lc tc dng t-ng h gia cc cc mnh tr-t bao gm lc ct v lc x
ngang gia cc cc mnh.

2.1. Cc gi thit tnh ton

+ t -c xem nh- vt liu tun theo nh lut Mohr - Coulomb.
+ H s n nh ( h s an ton ) nh- nhau cho tt c cc im trn mt tr-t.
+ Trng thi cn bng gii hn ch xy ra trn mt tr-t.

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Hnh 3.2 : Lc tc dng ln phn t t trong tr-ng hp mt tr-t trn

Hnh 3.3 : Lc tc dng ln phn t t trong tr-ng hp mt tr-t t hp

Hnh 3.4 : Lc tc dng ln phn t t trong tr-ng hp mt tr-t gy khc

Hnh (3.2), (3.3) v (3.4) th hin cc hnh dng mt tr-t. Cc gi tr -c nh ngha nh- sau :
W - Trng l-ng ca cc mnh tr-t vi b rng b v chiu cao trung bnh h.
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N - Tng lc php tuyn ti y mt tr-t ca phn t t.

S - Lc ct di chuyn ( lc ct hot ng ) ti y mt tr-t ca phn t t, hoc l Sm khi mt
tr-t c hnh dng bt k.
EL, ER - Lc php tuyn bn tri v bn phi ca mi phn t t.
XL, XR - Lc ct bn tri v bn phi ca mi phn t t.
D - Ngoi lc tc dng.
kW - Ti trng ng t theo ph-ng ngang tc dng i qua trng tm mi phn t t.
R - Bn knh mt tr-t trn hay cnh tay n ca lc ct di chuyn, Sm khi mt tr-t c hnh
dng bt k.
f - khong cch t tm quay n ph-ng ca lc php tuyn N.
x - Khong cch theo ph-ng ngang t -ng trng tm ca mi phn t t n tm cung
tr-t trn hay tm mmen ( khi cung tr-t c hnh dng bt k ).
e - Khong cch theo ph-ng ng t tm ca mi phn t t n tm cung tr-t trn hay
tm mmen ( khi cung tr-t c hnh dng bt k ).
d - Khong cch vung gc t -ng tc dng ca ti trng ngoi n tm cung tr-t trn hay
tm mmen.
h - Chiu cao trung bnh ca mi phn t t.
b - Chiu rng theo ph-ng ngang ca mi phn t t.
- Chiu di y mt tr-t.
a - Khong cch t hp lc n-c bn ngoi ( n-c ngp hai bn taluy ) ti tm quay hay tm
mmen.
AL, AR - Hp lc tc dng ca n-c.
- gc nghing ca -ng ti trng ngoi so vi ph-ng ngang.
- Gc hp gia tip tuyn ti y mi mt tr-t vi ph-ng nm ngang. H s n nh ca
mi dc c th -c xc nh t iu kin cn bng mmen hoc cn bng lc hoc iu kin
cn bng gii hn tng qut.

2.2. Ph-ng trnh cn bng mmen

iu kin cn bng gii hn v mmen l tng mmen ca cc lc i vi tm tr-t phi bng
khng ( xem hnh 3.2, 3.3 v 3.4 ):

2.3. Ph-ng trnh cn bng lc

iu kin cn bng lc theo ph-ng ngang cho tt c cc cc mnh tr-t ( xem hnh 3.2, 3.3 v
3.4 ):

2.4. Ph-ng trnh cn bng gii hn tng qut (GLE)

Trong thc t, tnh hnh phn b a cht, thu vn rt phc tp cc mi dc nn o,
nn mt tr-t cng th-ng c hnh dng rt phc tp : c th l hn hp cc cung trn v cc
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on thng hoc cc on thng gy khc. Do vy tn ti tm tr-t o, s l-ng n ln hn s

cc ph-ng trnh -c lp, bi ton tr nn v nh. Nu gi thit mt tm tr-t tho mn
iu kin cn bng mmen, th khng tho mn iu kin cn bng v lc theo mt ph-ng no
, hoc ng-c li. Do vy, mt s tc gi kt hp cc iu kin cn bng trn gii quyt bi
ton - -c gi l ph-ng php cn bng gii hn tng qut ( General Limit Equilibrium GLE), s dng cc ph-ng trnh cn bng tnh hc sau y tm h s an ton :
1- Tng cc lc theo ph-ng ng i vi phn t t -c gi nh tm lc php tuyn N
ti y mt tr-t.
2- Tng cc lc theo ph-ng ngang i vi mi mt tr-t -c s dng tnh ton lc t-ng
h E. Ph-ng trnh -c p dng khi tnh tch phn ton b khi l-ng khi tr-t t tri sang
phi.
3- Tng momen i vi mt im chung cho tt c cc phn t t, dng tnh h s n nh
momen Km.
4- Tng cc lc theo ph-ng ngang i vi tt c cc lt ct, dng tnh h s n nh Kf.
Kt qu l h s n nh chung K -c tnh trn cc h s n nh Km v Kf, tc l tho mn c
iu kin cn bng lc v cn bng momen, v -c xem l h s n nh ( h s an ton ) hi
t ca ph-ng php cn bng gii hn tng qut.
3. Cc giai on pht trin ca li gii
- Giai on 1: Gi thit E=X=0, => gii trc tip N => Fm - y l ph-ng php thng th-ng
hay Fellenius
- Giai on 2: Ch xt E v gi thit =0 (X=0), gii N bng cch th dn.
Cho kt qu Fm ph-ng php Bishop n gin ha.
Cho kt qu Ff ph-ng php Janbu n gin ha.
- Giai on 3: Xt c E, , X khc 0, gii ra N bng cch th dn.
Cho kt qu Fm ph-ng php Spencer, Morgenstern Price, gii hn tng qut (GLE).
Cho kt qu Ff ph-ng php Corps of Engineers 1 & 2, Low - Karafiath.
Ph-ng php trong tiu chun SNiP 2.06.05-84 t-ng t Spencer.
Cc gi thit dng trong cc ph-ng php khc nhau:
Ph-ng php

Gi thit

Fellenius thng th-ng

B qua lc gia cc cc mnh

Bishop n gin ha

Tng lc gia cc mnh nm ngang (Khng c lc ct gia cc mnh)

Janbu n gin ha

Tng lc gia cc mnh nm ngang. Dng h s hiu chnh kinh

nghim f xt ti cc lc ct gia cc mnh

Janbu tng qut ha

Spencer

Gi thit tng lc gia cc cc mnh c gc nghing khng i trn

ton khi tr-t (t-ng t ph-ng php SNiP 2.06.05-84)

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Morgenstern Price

Dng mt hm ty xc nh tng lc gia cc mnh. Phn trm

ca hm , , tha mn cn bng moomen v cn bng lc, -c
tnh nh SOLVE

GLE

Dng mt hm ty xc nh ph-ng ca tng lc gia cc mnh.

Phn trm ca hm , l, cn tha mn cn bng m men v cn bng
lc, -c tnh bng cch tm giao im trn -ng quan h h s an
ton

Corps of Engineers

Ph-ng ca tng lc gia cc mnh phi:

- Bng gc nghing trung bnh ca mt tr-t u tin v cui cng
- Song song vi mt t

Lowe- Karafiath

Ph-ng ca tng lc gia cc mnh bng trung bnh gia mt t v

gc nghing ca y mi mnh.

4. S dng vi a k thut (Geogrid) trong gia c mi t

- Lc tuyn (lnh Draw reinforcement loads) theo c ch lm vic nh- sau:

Chiu di hiu qu
Lc gia c tm KT=

x Tng sc chng l thuyt

Chiu di lin kt
Xem gia c vi a k thut (Geofabric) nh- ti trng neo, lin kt hon ton, khng c p lc
n-c l rng, tnh theo ph-ng php GLE.
Tng sc chng l thuyt -c xc nh theo ch tiu k thut ca vi a k thut (Theo
Catalog)
Theo cng thc trn, vi v d ta c:
5.08m
Lc gia c tm KT=

x 50kN/m = 21.2 kN/m

12,0m

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Bng tham kho lc ko l thuyt ca mt s loi vi a k thut

(Ngun: Bi ging thit k T-ng chn t c ct bng l-i a k thut ca GV. Nguyn Thanh
Danh- Tr-ng Cao ng Xy dng s 3)
Ch tiu

TG15-15

TG20-20

dc (KN/m)
bn ko theo phng
ngang (KN/m)

TG35-35

TG40-40

15

20

25

30

35

40

15

20

25

30

35

40

T l dn di ti hn dc (%)

13

T l dn di ti hn ngang

16

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TG30-30

5,0 +0,2 hoc 4,0+0,2

Kh rng cun (m)

bn ko theo phng

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(%)
bn ko ti 2% ng sut
ko dc (KN/m)
bn ko ti 2% ng sut
ko ngang (KN/m)
bn ko ti 5% ng sut
ko dc (KN/m)
bn ko ti 5% ng sut
ko ngang (KN/m)

11

13

10

13

15

10

15

16

10

13

15

20

(Ngun: cng ty ANA Industries & trading)

5. S dng neo ng sut tr-c trong vic nng cao n nh ca b dc
Sc chu ti ca neo l ch tiu quan trng nht trong tnh ton thit k neo. y cng chnh l
cn c quyt nh ln lc cng neo - mt yu t c vai tr quyt nh n vic n nh b
dc. Sc chu ti ca neo -c xc nh da theo 3 trng thi ph hoi sau y:

- Dy neo b t, gy hoc bin dng v-t qu gii hn cho php.

- Dy neo b ko tt khi va neo hay s mt neo bm ti ch tip xc gia va neo v dy neo
bu neo.
- Dy neo v bu neo b nh khi t nn hay s mt dnh bm bu neo v t xung quanh.
Hin nay, trn th gii c nhiu tiu chun tnh ton sc chu ti ca neo, nh-ng ch yu vn
l tnh theo ph-ng php thc nghim. C th tham kho cch tnh ca Anh, M Trung
Quc...phn d-i y nu cch tnh ton neo theo tiu chun BS 8081-1989 ca Anh.
Sc chu ti ca neo ch yu da trn hai c ch truyn ti trng, l s cn tr ca t hnh
thnh cc b khi bu neo chu nh, bao gm sc chu ti u bu neo v sc chu ct thnh
bn xung quanh neo. Ty theo loi neo no v t xung quanh m sc chu ti ca neo -c
tnh ton theo cc cng thc khc nhau.

5.1. Tnh ton sc chu ti ca neo trong .

Neo kiu A:
i vi neo kiu ny, thit k da trn gi thit phn b dnh bm u. Theo , kh nng chu
nh ca neo T -c xc nh qua biu thc:
T = .D.L.
Trong :
l dnh bm gii hn hay ma st bn ti giao din /va, kN/m2
D l -ng knh bu neo, m
L l chiu di bu neo, m
Cng thc tnh trn c -c l da trn cc gi thit quan trng sau:

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- S truyn ti trng t bu neo sang xy ra bng ng sut phn b u tc ng trn ton b

chu vi bu neo.
- Cc -ng knh l khoan v bu neo l nh- nhau.
- Cc ph hoi xy ra theo kiu tr-t ti giao din /va (l khoan nhn) hoc theo kiu ct st
bn giao din /va trong mi tr-ng yu hn (l khoan khng nhn).
- Khng c s khng lin tc no hoc cc mt phng vn d b yu no c th gy ra s ph
hoi.
- Khng c s khng dnh bm cc b no ti giao din t/va.
Neo kiu B: ch yu -c dng ci thin lin kt /va hoc tng din tch giao din
/va trong yu hoc nt n. Khi dng cc lin kt tng c-ng th cn c cc th nghim
hin tr-ng thch hp xc nh ph-ng php thit k.
Neo kiu C: cn th nghim thch hp ti hin tr-ng xc nh kh nng chu ti trong gii hn
thit lp cc h s gii hn hoc thch hp v an ton.
Neo kiu D: dng m rng bu tng -ng knh ca bu neo trong yu, cn c th
nghim hin tr-ng thch hp xc nh ph-ng php thit k ph hp

5.2. Tnh ton sc chu ti ca neo trong t ri:

Neo kiu A: Nhn chung cc neo kiu A khng dng trong t ri tr khi -c phun xi mng.
Neo kiu B: i vi cc neo kiu B phun va p lc thp, cc biu thc thit k d bo kh nng
ch ti ch yu da trn cng ngh thit k cc. tham kho c th dng cng thc:
T=L.n tg
y:
L l chiu di bu neo tnh theo mt
l gc c hiu ca sc khng ct tnh theo
n l h s k n k thut khoan, su chn, -ng knh bu neo, p lc va phun..
Khi kh nng chu ti trng gii hn lin quan n kch th-c neo v cc c tr-ng t c th
dng cng thc sau:
T= A...D.L.tg +B.h./4.(D - d)
Trong :
A l t s p lc tip xc ti giao din bu neo/t v p lc t ph c hiu trung bnh.
l trng l-ng ring t bn trn (trng l-ng n v ngp n-c bn d-i mc n-c, kN/m3)
h l su chn n nh bu neo, m.
L l chiu di bu neo, m.
l p lc v-t qu c hiu trung bnh tip gip vi bu neo (kN/m2) t-ng -ng vi
(h+L/2) vi mt neo thng ng.
D l -ng knh bu neo.
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 l gc c hiu ca sc khng ct tnh theo .

B l h s chu ti t-ng -ng Nq/1,4.
d l -ng knh thn va bn trn bu neo.
Cc neo kiu C: c tnh ca neo kiu C l tnh ton da trn cc -ng cong thit k -c lp
t cc th nghim hin tr-ng. Trong nhng nm gn y, nhng -ng cong thit k cho cc
neo kiu C -c m rng nh cc th nghim c. Vi cui si ln ct, ti trng gii hn
tng theo cht v h s ng nht.
Cc neo kiu D: Rt t -c s dng trong t ri.

5.3. Tnh ton sc chu ti ca neo trong t dnh.

Neo kiu A: Tnh ton sc chu ti neo kiu A theo nguyn tc t-ng t khi thit k cc khoan
nhi, sc chu ti ca neo loi ny c th p dng cng thc sau:
T=.D.L..Cu
y:
Cu l bn ct khng thot n-c trung bnh trn ton b chiu di bu neo, tnh theo kN/m2
l h s dnh bm.
D l -ng knh bu neo, m.
L l chiu di bu neo, m.
Neo kiu B: Hu nh- khng s dng trong t dnh.
Neo kiu C: Cng t khi -c s dng trong t dnh, do vic to hin t-ng ph v thy lc
tron t dnh gp kh khn.
Neo kiu D: C th d bo kh nng chu ti ca neo kiu D trong t dnh nh- sau:
T= .D.L.Cu + /4.(D - d).Nc.Cub + .d.l.Ca
Trong :
D l -ng knh bu m rng, m.
L la chiu di bu neo,m.
Cu l c-ng khng ct khng thot n-c trung bnh trn ton bu neo, tnh bng kN/m2
d l -ng knh thn, m.
Nc l h s sc chu ti (ph bin gi thit tr s 9).
Cub l bn ct khng thot n-c ti khong cui bu neo, kN/m2.
l l chiu di thn, m.
Ca l dnh bm thn (gi thit ph bin t 0.3Cu n 0.35Cu), kN/m2.
5. Phn tch theo xc sut
Khi mun phn tch xc sut cn nhp thng s v lch chun (SD- Standard Deviration).
Gi tr SD -c nh ngha nh- sau:
Trang 18
ThS. ng Hng Lam

Trong :
SD = lch chun
Xi2 = tng bnh ph-ng ca cc gi tr o -c
Xi = tng cc gi tr o -c
n = s l-ng cc ln o
6. Cc loi thng s ca t trong Slope
- Mohr-coloumb (dng cho t bnh th-ng - -c ly , c t th nghim ct t trc tip hoc
ct bng my nn 3 trc ch ct nhanh c kt hoc ct chm c kt)
- Undrained strength (dng cho t dnh bo ha n-c, t yu c -c ly t th nghim ct
bng my nn 3 trc ch ct nhanh khng c kt)
- No strength ( loi ny c==0, nn -c dng nh ngha cho n-c)
- Impenetrable (bedrock) (impenetrable: c ngha l tm chn hay khng th xuyn qua,
bedrock: c ngha l y lp )
- Bilinear: (c ngha l 2 -ng thng, y l loi t c on quan h sc chng ct v ng sut
php)
- S=f(depth): c-ng chng ct c quan h vi su thng qua cc thng s nhp vo:
+ Unit weight

+ Rate of increase

+ C- top of layer

+ C- Maximun

- S=f(datum): c-ng chng ct c quan h vi cao thng qua cc thng s nhp vo:
+ Unit weight

+ Rate of increase

+ C- top of layer

+ C- Maximun

+Datum (elevation)

- Anisotropic strength: p dng cho t khng ng h-ng

- Shear/ Normal Fn:
- Anisotropic Fn:
- Combined, S=f(depth): cho php nh ngha c-ng chng ct theo su c theo ch
bnh th-ng v theo ch khng thot n-c
- Combined, S=f(datum): cho php nh ngha c-ng chng ct theo cao c theo ch
bnh th-ng v theo ch khng thot n-c
- S=f(overburden): (overburden: c ngha l qu nng)
7. Cc cch nhp thng s v n-c trong Slope

ThS. ng Hng Lam

Trang 19

Bi 4: ng dng slope/w gii quyt bi ton phc tp v

n nh b dc
I. Phn tch xc sut
- Chn phn tch xc sut theo: KeyIn\Analysis Control
- Nhp lch chun (SD) cho cc thng s ca t: KeyIn\Soil properties
- Phn tch kt qu : SOLVE
- Xem kt qu CONTOUR
- V th kt qu phn tch xc sut: Draw\Probabiliy

*) V d v phn tch theo xc sut

+ Bng ch tiu c l nh- sau:
project : bio- fuel Ethanol plant in the nother project ( geotechnical investigation)

No

Bore
Hole
Symbol

location : Co tiet Commune -tam nong - phu tho province

Depth of Soil
Unconsolidated
Unit
Consolidated Undrained CU
Sample
Undrained
Weight
Samples
'u

u
From
To
Cuu
Cu
C'u
m

g/cm3

kpa

kpa

kpa

Layer 3: Lean clay, brownish yellow, medium plastic to stiff condition.

1

BH

8.45

31

BH

2.8

3.3

UU

BH

4.45

34

BH

5.5

CU

1.90

BH

8.5

UU

1.90

BH

6.45

35

BH

4.45

94

BH

6.2

6.65

38

BH

10

10.45

39

10

BH

3.45

40

11

BH

8.45

12

BH

6.0

6.5

CU

13

BH

8.0

8.5

UU

14

BH

9.0

9.5

CU

15

BH

3.45

80

16

BH

10

6.0

6.5

17

BH

10

9.0

18

BH

11

3.0

ThS. ng Hng Lam

1.88

45.20
14.01

20.48

24.22

14.81

15.03

17.59

25.29

14.21

1.93

17.32

25.13

27.25

17.58

CU

1.83

19.26

25.13

27.25

17.58

9.5

UU

1.88

60.50

3.5

UU

1.90

37.99

39.60

1.92
3.35

Trang 20

19

BH

11

6.0

6.5

CU

1.91

20

BH

11

9.0

9.5

UU

1.90

39.78

21

BH

12

6.45

100

22

BH

12

9.45

101

23

BH

13

6.45

105

24

BH

14

4.2

4.7

UU

1.89

25.23

25

BH

14

6.5

CU

1.88

26

BH

14

2.2

2.65

27

BH

15

4.45

28

BH

16

5.45

29

BH

17

3.8

4.3

1.90

30

BH

17

9.5

1.86

31

BH

18

4.0

4.5

UU

1.91

32

BH

18

7.0

7.5

CU-UU

1.88

33

BH

18

7.5

8.0

34

BH

20

6.45

35

BH

21

2.0

2.5

36

BH

21

2.5

3.0

37

BH

21

6.0

6.5

38

BH

21

6.5

7.0

39

BH

22

3.2

106

40

BH

22

6.2

107

41

BH

24

3.45

42

BH

24

6.45

43

BH

24

14

14.45

44

BH

25

4.8

5.3

UU

1.80

45

BH

25

6.7

7.2

CU

46

BH

26

5.8

6.25

47

BH

27

5.45

48

BH

28

2.5

3.0

CU-UU

49

BH

28

3.0

3.5

50

BH

28

9.0

9.5

51

BH

28

9.5

10.0

52

BH

28

6.2

102

53

BH

29

2.8

97

54

BH

29

6.8

98

55

BH

30

2.3

2.8

56

BH

30

2.8

3.3

ThS. ng Hng Lam

17.15

19.22

23.09

14.71

18.59

25.18

27.07

16.74

19.22

26.81

27.43

19.54

16.21

22.07

24.26

16.83

18.23

23.13

26.31

16.89

1.82

23.15

29.60

27.55

11.20

1.90

17.44

23.26

25.24

17.25

18.52

26.16

26.29

17.25

15.19

20.86

21.54

14.31

26.47
36.28

CU-UU

1.90
26.40

CU -CU

1.92
47.51

24.68

26.32
CU -UU

1.94
44.61

23.58
CU-UU

1.95

Trang 21

57

BH

30

6.8

7.3

CU -UU

1.93

58

BH

30

7.3

7.8

59

BH

30

9.8

10.25

60

BH

31

5.45

61

BH

31

10

10.45

62

BH

32

2.8

3.3

UU

1.89

63

BH

32

5.8

6.3

CU

1.96

64

BH

32

7.8

8.3

UU

1.95

65

BH

32

4.45

66

BH

32

10

10.45

67

BH

33

4.8

68

BH

34

2.5

3.0

69

BH

34

3.0

3.5

70

BH

34

8.5

9.0

71

BH

34

9.0

9.5

CU -UU

72

BH

34

12

12.2

86

73

BH

34

18

18.2

87

74

BH

36

2.5

3.0

75

BH

36

5.3

76

BH

37

77

BH

78

14.40

21.76

24.20

15.81

22.41

29.00

27.55

12.90

23.28

26.80

28.11

16.90

25.27

1.87
22.96
27.54

1.90
108
46.82
CU-UU

1.92
21.20
1.96

104.50

UU

1.92

51.50

5.8

CU

1.94

21.49

24.40

27.33

11.90

2.8

103

37

5.8

104

BH

38

2.8

3.3

CU-UU

1.92

22.16

28.00

27.45

10.50

79

BH

38

3.3

3.8

80

BH

38

8.8

9.3

CU -UU

81

BH

38

9.3

9.8

CU

21.46

28.20

25.53

12.50

82

BH

39

4.45

83

BH

39

9.45

84

BH

40

2.8

3.3

UU

1.82

85

BH

40

5.8

6.3

CU

1.82

22.39

27.70

27.41

10.50

86

BH

40

8.8

9.3

UU

1.85

87

BH

40

10.8

11.3

CU

1.93

32.28

21.90

29.20

1.40

88

BH

41

5.45

89

BH

41

9.45

90

BH

42

5.8

6.3

UU

1.90

91

BH

42

9.8

10.3

CU

1.94

2119

20.90

26.42

0.09

92

BH

42

3.45

93

BH

42

7.45

94

BH

43

2.5

2.95

ThS. ng Hng Lam

24.00
1.92

78.10

22.40
31.22

1.96
29.28

109
Trang 22

95

BH

43

8.5

8.95

110

96

BH

45

2.8

3.3

UU

1.95

97

BH

45

7.8

8.3

CU

1.96

98

BH

46

2.8

99

BH

47

2.3

2.8

100

BH

47

2.8

3.3

1.88

101

BH

47

5.8

6.3

1.86

102

BH

47

6.3

6.8

103

BH

49

3.8

81

104

BH

49

7.8

82

105

BH

50

2.3

2.8

106

BH

50

2.8

3.3

107

BH

50

3.0

3.5

108

BH

50

3.5

4.0

109

BH

50

15.8

16

88

110

BH

50

20.8

21

89

111

BH

51

2.8

112

BH

52

8.8

83

113

BH

102

2.8

84

114

BH

102

10.8

11

85

115

BH

103

5.8

90

116

BH

103

10.8

11

91

29.58
23.22

23.60

28.03

10.40

21.26

43.80

27.18

28.30

22.30

29.70

28.29

15.60

1.85

22.50

29.00

27.29

19.20

1.85

23.23

29.80

29.28

15.20

35.69
38.00

34.15

36.99

Maximum

1.96

104.50

32.28

43.80

29.28

28.30

Minimum

1.80

3.35

14.01

17.59

21.54

0.09

Average

1.90

36.46

20.07

25.53

26.52

14.45

+ Khi phn tch vi gi tr trung bnh ca Cuu (ct nhanh bng my nn 3 trc khng thot
n-c), kt qu nh- sau:

ThS. ng Hng Lam

Trang 23

+ Khi phn tch theo xc sut, kt qu nh- sau:

ThS. ng Hng Lam

Trang 24

Vi xc sut 50% (t-ng -ng vi phn tch vi gi tr trung bnh) th h s an ton l 1.00.

+ Khi phn tch vi gi tr trung bnh ca Ccu (ct nhanh bng my nn 3 trc thot n-c), kt
qu nh- sau:

II. B dc c tng c-ng neo.

Draw\ reinforcement loads. Chn type: Anchor
- Nhp gi tr vo ti ng sut tr-c vo Constant applied load hoc cc thng s vo Varible
applied load.
- Ch : Ti ng sut khng ln hn sc chng nh gia t v ct (Xem BS 8081-1989)
III. B dc c tng c-ng vi a k thut
Draw\ reinforcement loads. Chn type: Fabric

IV. B dc c tng c-ng t-ng chn.

ThS. ng Hng Lam

Trang 25