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Example: Cantilever column with bi-axial bending

Circular column design by PROKON.

C12

(CirCol Ver W2.6.06 - 07 Apr 2014)

Design code : BS8110 - 1997

General design parameters:

Given:
d = 600 mm
d' = 60 mm
Lo = 6.000 m
fcu = 15 MPa
fy = 450 MPa

750

500

Therefore:

250

4
4

= 282.7103 mm

diax' = dia - d'

= 600 - 60
= 540.000 mm

diay' = dia - d'

= 600 - 60
= 540.000 mm

Assumptions:
(1) The general conditions of clause 3.8.1 are applicable.
(2) The section is symmetrically reinforced.
(3) The specified design axial loads include the self-weight of the column.
(4) The design axial loads are taken constant over the height of the column.

Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) The column design charts are constructed.
(2) An area steel is chosen.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment is determined .
(5) The steel required for the design axial force and moment is read from
the relevant design chart.
(6) The procedure is repeated until the convergence of the area steel
about the design axis.
(7) The area steel perpendicular to the design axis is read from the relevant
design chart.
(8) The procedure is repeated for each load case.
(9) The critical load case is identified as the case yielding the largest
steel area about the design axis.

750

Y
250

600 2

500

. d 2

Ac =

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Through inspection:
Load case 3 (DL + LL + WL) is critical.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the X-X axis:
At the top end: Condition 4 (free).
At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
The column is unbraced.
x = 2.20

Table 3.22

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Y-Y axis:
At the top end: Condition 4 (free).
At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
The column is unbraced.
y = 2.20

Table 3.22

Effective column height:

lex = x. Lo
= 2.2 6
= 13.200 m

ley = y. Lo
= 2.2 6
= 13.200 m

Column slenderness about both axes:

x =
=

lex
dia
13.2
.6

= 22.000

y =
=

ley
dia
13.2
.6

= 22.000

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Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity:
For bi-axial bending, it is only necessary to ensure that the eccentricity
exceeds the minimum about one axis at a time.

3.8.2.4

For the worst effect, apply the minimum eccentricity about the minor axis:
Use emin = 20mm

Mmin = emin. N
= .02 1633
= 32.660 kNm
Check if the column is slender:

3.8.1.3

x = 22.0 > 10
y = 22.0 > 10
The column is slender.
Check slenderness limit:

3.8.1.8

Lo = 6.000 mComparision error60 dia' = 36.000

Slenderness limit not exceeded.

Initial moments:
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 127.0 kNm
The initial moment near mid-height of the column :

3.8.3.7

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 0 + 0.6 127
= 76.200 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 127
= 50.800 kNm

Mi 0.4M2 = 76.2 kNm

The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 42.0 kNm
The initial moment near mid-height of the column :

3.8.3.7

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Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 0 + 0.6 42
= 25.200 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 42
= 16.800 kNm
Mi 0.4M2 = 25.2 kNm

Deflection induced moments:

3.8.3.1

Design ultimate capacity of section under axial load only:

Nuz = 0.4444 . f cu. Ac +

1 . .
f y Asc
1.15

= 0.4444 15000 .28274 +

= 4 549.527 kN

Maximum allowable stress and strain:

Allowable compression stress in steel

f sc =
=

1 .
fy
1.15
1
450
1.15

= 391.304 MPa

Allowable tensile stress in steel

f st =
=

1 .
fy
1.15
1
450
1.15

= 391.304 MPa

Allowable tensile strain in steel

1
450000 .00681
1.15

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f st
Es

ey =

391.3
200000

= 0.0020
Allowable compressive strain in concrete
ec = 0.0035
For bending about the X-X axis:
Balanced neutral axis depth

xbal =

dia - dcx
ey
1+
cstrain
.6 - .06
.00196
1+
.0035

= 0.3462 mm
Nbal calculated from basic principles using x = xbal = 1348.8 kN

K=
=

Nuz - N
Nuz - Nbal
4 548.7 - 1633
4 548.7 - 1 348.8

= 0.9112

a =
=

1 . lex 2
2000 dia
1
13.2 2

2000
.6

= 0.2420
Therefore:

Madd = N. a. K. dia
= 1633 .242 .91119 .6
= 216.054

For bending about the Y-Y axis:

Date

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Balanced neutral axis depth

xbal =

dia - dc
ey
1+
cstrain
.6 - .06
.00196
1+
.0035

= 0.3462 mm
Nbal calculated from basic principles using x = xbal = 1348.8 kN

K=
=

Nuz - N
Nuz - Nbal
4 548.7 - 1633
4 548.7 - 1 348.8

= 0.9112

a =
=

1 . ley 2
2000 dia
1
13.2 2

2000
.6

= 0.2420
Therefore:

Madd = N. a. K. dia
= 1633 .242 .91119 .6
= 216.054

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 1633.0 kN
For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of:
(a)

3.8.3.7

3.8.3.2

M = M2 + Madd
= 127 + 216.05
= 343.050 kNm

(d)

3.8.3.2

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M = emin. N
= .02 1633
= 32.660 kNm
Thus

3.8.3.2
M = 343.1 kNm

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the X-X:
At the top, Mx = 0.0 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 238.2 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 343.1 kNm
Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mxbot=127.0 kNm
Initial

Mx=343.1 kNm
Mxmin=32.7 kNm

=
Mxadd=216.1 kNm
Additional

For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of:
(a)

Design
3.8.3.7

3.8.3.2

M = M2 + Madd
= 42 + 216.05
= 258.050 kNm

(d)

3.8.3.2

M = emin. N
= .02 1633
= 32.660 kNm

Thus

3.8.3.2
M = 258.1 kNm

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Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the Y-Y:
At the top, My = 32.7 kNm
Near mid-height, My = 194.7 kNm
At the bottom, My = 258.1 kNm
Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

Mybot=42.0 kNm
Initial

My=258.1 kNm
Mymin=32.7 kNm

=
Myadd=216.1 kNm
Additional

Design of column section for ULS:

Through inspection:
The critical section lies at the bottom end of the column.
The column is bi-axially bent: the moments are therefore added vectorially
to obtain the final design moment:

M' = Mx2 + My2

= 343.05 2 + 258.05 2
= 429.270

Design axial load:

Pu = 1633.0

Design

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For bending about the design axis:

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000

1200

6%

1100

1000

5%

900

4%

800

3%

700

2%

500

400

1%

300

0%

200

1000

100

2000

600

Axial Load (kN)

3000

-1000

Moment max = 1040 kNm @ 1111kN

Column design chart

-2000
-3000
-4000
-5000
-6000
Bending Moment (kNm)

From the design chart, Asc = 6808 = 2.41%

Design chart for bending about any axis:

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000

-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
-5000
-6000
Bending Moment (kNm)

1200

6%

1100

1000

5%

900

4%

800

3%

700

2%

500

400

1%

300

0%

200

1000

100

2000

600

Axial Load (kN)

3000

Moment max = 1040 kNm @ 1111kN

Column design chart

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Summary of design calculations:

Design results for all load cases:
Load case

Axis

X-X
Y-Y

2
3

N (kN)

M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design

M (kNm)

M' (kNm)

Asc (mm)

495.0

0.0
0.0

6.0
3.0

3.6
1.8

71.9
71.9

X-X
Bottom

77.9
74.9

108.0

1131 (0.40%)

X-X
Y-Y

761.0

0.0
0.0

79.0
20.0

47.4
12.0

110.5
110.5

X-X
Bottom

189.5
130.5

230.1

2081 (0.74%)

X-X
Y-Y

1633.0

0.0
0.0

127.0
42.0

76.2
25.2

216.1
216.1

X-X
Bottom

343.1
258.1

429.3

6808 (2.41%)

Load case 3 (DL + LL + WL) is critical.