AirQuality inthe

Philippines

EnvironmentalManagementBureau
DepartmentofEnvironmentandNaturalResources Philippines

WhatistheStatusofAirQualityintheCountry?

90ug/Ncm annualairqualityguidelinevalueforTotal
SuspendedParticulates(TSP)
Theairqualityofourcountryisstilldirtybutimproving
intermsofTSP.For2008,TSPlevelis99ug/Ncm
29%reductionfrom2004to2008

WhatistheSpecificAirQualityofMetroManila?

90ug/Ncm annualairqualityguidelinevalueforTotal
SuspendedParticulates(TSP)
TheairqualityofMetroManilaisstilldirtybutimproving
intermsofTSP.For2008,TSPlevelis138ug/Ncm
15%reductionfrom2004to2008

HowisMetroManilaAirQualityCompared
withOtherInternationalCities?
Environmental Performance Index
Yale University & Columbia University
100

90

84.5
81.9

83.3 84
77.9

80

79.4
75.2

69.4

70

65.1

66.3

66.2

79.2
73.9
66.8

65.1

60.7
60
53.8
49.7

57

56.2

54.3

52.9

50

40

30

20

10

0
Cambodia

China

Indonesia

Japan

Laos

Malaysia
2006

Myanmar

Philippines

South Korea

Thailand

Viet Nam

2008

BasedontheEnvironmentalPerformanceIndex for2008,the
Philippinesranks5th(outof11countries)intheASEANRegion,
includingJapan,ChinaandSouthKorea

WhatistheEnvironmentalPerformanceIndex?

TheEnvironmentalPerformanceIndex (EPI)isamethodof
quantifyingandnumericallybenchmarkingtheenvironmental
performanceofacountry'spolicies.Thisindexwasdeveloped
anddesignedtosupplementtheenvironmentaltargetsset
forthintheU.N.MillenniumDevelopmentGoals.
AsofJanuary,2008twoEPIreportshavebeenreleased the
Pilot2006EnvironmentalPerformanceIndexandthe2008
EnvironmentalPerformanceIndex.
AhighEPI indicatesgoodenvironmentalperformance.

WhatisthePhilippines EPI?

For2008,ourcountrysEPIis77.9.In2006,ourscorewas69.4.
ThePhilippineswasovertaken(droppingfrom4thin2006to
5thin2008)byThailandinthelatestrankings

HowistheEPIDetermined?

EPI isscoredusingindicators(atotalof25)forpolicysubcategories(see
attachedsheet).
Theeffectsofairpollutiononhumanhealthandtheecosystemcontributed
12.5% and2.5% oftheEPI,respectively.
Theindicatorsusedforairpollutionhealtheffectswereurbanparticulates,
indoorairpollutionandhealthozone.Foreffectsonecosystemvitality,sulfur
dioxideemissionsandecosystemozonewereusedasindicators.

WhatistheCorrelationbetweenAirQualityand
HealthinMetroManila(from2003to2007)?

DatafromtheDOHsFieldHealthSurveyandtheEMBsair
qualitymonitoringbothshowadownwardtrendfrom2003
through2007intermsofbronchitishealthdata.

WhatistheCorrelationbetweenAirQualityandHealthin
MetroManila(from2003to2007)?

BasedonDOHdataonmorbiditycasesforAirPollutionRelatedDiseases
20032007:

Bronchitis:29%(decrease)
AirQuality:19%(decrease)

Thisdownwardtrendissupportedbythefindingsofastudyofthe
DOHundertheMMAQISDPincooperationwiththeAsian
DevelopmentBankandtheWorldHealthOrganizationconducted
from2002through2003.

WhatistheCorrelationbetweenAirQualityand
HealthinMetroManila(from2003to2007)?

Itwasalsofoundthatthere
is
a
significant
improvement in blood lead
levels among children in
Metro Manila since 2000
whentheunleadedgasoline
policy
has
been
implemented.
In2003,only34.6%ofstudy
children exceeding the US
CDC guideline value of
10g/dl as compared to
90.3%in2000.

WhataretheReasonsontheDownwardTrend
ofAirQualityinMetroManila?

CompletionoftheMRTconstructionalongEDSA
ImplementationoftheMMDAUnifiedVehicleReduction
Programalongmainthoroughfares(Colorcoding)i.e.EDSA

WhataretheReasonsontheDownwardTrendof
values(orimprovement)ofAirQualityinMetro
Manila?

Improvedfuelquality
PhaseoutofleadedgasolineinJanuary2001
ReductionofbenzeneandaromaticsinULGfrom4%(byvol.)to2%and45%
to35%fromJan.2000toJan.2003,respectively
Reductionofsulfurcontentofautomotivedieseloil(ADO)from0.5%to
0.20%from1999to2001&furtherreductionto0.05%inJan.2004
Reductionofsulfurcontentofindustrialdieseloil(IDO)to0.30%inJan.2001
ImplementationofMC55requiringallgovernmentvehiclestouse dieselfuel
blendedwith1%CMEstartingJuly2004
Useof2%biodiesel blend(nomore100%conventionaldiesel)and
availabilityofE10effectiveFebruary2006(BioFuelsAct).

WhataretheReasonsontheDownwardTrend
ofValues(orimprovement)ofAirQualityin
MetroManila?

Photocredit:Pcij.org

IntensifiedemissiontestingpriortoLTOregistrationrenewalthruprivate
emissiontestingcenters(PETCs)startingJanuary2003
MonitoringofPETCsthruDENRDOTCDTIJointAdministrativeOrderin
2003andfurtherrevisioninDec.2007
Formulation/RevisionofEmissionstandardsformotorvehicles
Implementationofmorestringentemissionstandardsforinusemotor
vehicles(DAO200351)andfurtherrevisioninJuly2007(DAO200727)
Implementationofemissionstandardsformotorcyclesandtricycles
(DAO200325)
AdoptionofEURO2TypeApprovalEmissionStandardsfornewmotor
vehicles(DAO200727)effectiveJan.1,2008

WhataretheReasonsontheDownwardTrend
ofValues(orimprovement)ofAirQualityin
MetroManila?

Intensified antismoke belching operations by MMDA thru MMAQISDP

(20002002), the SMOKE FREE EDSA (Oct 2003) later changed to LINIS
HANGINPROGRAM(Nov.2004uptoJune2009)byDENR.
EffectiveJuly2009,INTENSIFIEDASBOEPRATIONSOFTHEMETRO
MANILALGUs incoordinationwiththeMMASBA,LTOandLTFRB
Intensified stack emission testing program of industrial sources/facilities
within the Metro Manila Airshed (MMAQISDP)/accreditation of 3rd Party
StackEmissionFirms(2003present)

WhataretheReasonsontheDownwardTrend
ofValues(orImprovement)ofAirQualityin
MetroManila?

UseofAlternativeFuels
Conversionofgasolinefed
taxistoLPG
IntroductionofnewCNG
busespursuanttoExecutive
OrderNo.290[NaturalGas
VehicleProgramforPublic
Transport(NGVPPT)]dated
14February2004.Todate,a
totalof30newCNGbuses
plyingtherouteof
Batangas/Sta.CruzEDSA
Cubao&viceversa(on
commercialscale)
IntensifiedIECandpublic
awarenesscampaign
Voluntaryphaseoutof2stroke
motorcyclesbythemotorcycle
manufacturersinmid2006