INSTITUTION: DeKUT

NAME
REG NO:
1. ANDREW MUTUKU MUNYIVA E023-01-0791/2013
2. KENNEDY NYANGA GITONGA E023-01-0798/2013
COURSE: BSc. IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIT: ENGINE AND POWER TRANSMISSION
UNIT CODE: EMG 2409
PRESENTATION: 1
ENGINE BEARINGS

ABSTRACT
Our presentation covers
1. Aspects of engine bearings:
types of engine bearings
Design features
functions
Engine bearing design considerations
Precautions in engine bearings.

TYPES OF ENGINE BEARING

INTRODUCTION
A bearing is a machine element which support another moving

machine element (known as journal).

It permits a relative motion between the contact surfaces of the
members, while carrying the load.

Due to the relative motion between the contact surfaces, a certain

amount of power is wasted in overcoming frictional resistance and if
the rubbing surfaces are in direct contact, there will be rapid wear. In

order to reduce frictional resistance and wear and in some cases to

carry away the heat generated, a layer of fluid may be provided.

BEARINGS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

The rotating components of internal combustion engines are equipped with

sleeve type sliding bearings.
Are characterized by cycling loading of their parts including the bearings.
Rolling bearings can not withstand the loading conditions of internal
combustion engines.
Only sliding contact bearings providing a distribution of the applied load over
a relatively wide area may work in internal combustion engines.

CHARACTERISTICS ENGINE BEARING

Resistance to wear, fatigue and corrosion
Have sufficient strength
High melting point
Have suitable thermal properties
Tolerant to dirt and foreign matter.
Should be compatible to lubricant used.

TYPES OF ENGINE BEARING

o Main crank shaft bearing
o Connecting rod bearings
o Crank shaft bearings
o End bushes (con rod
bearings)

Main crankshaft bearings

Are found in between engine block and crankshaft.
They are the bearings on which the crankshaft rotates.
consists of two parts: upper and lower.
The upper part of a main bearing commonly has an oil groove
on the inner surface (Function - pass oil to the feed holes in the
crankshaft.)
Different types of engines have a different number of main
bearings. For example, modern V8 engines have five main
bearings while six cylinder engines have seven main bearings.

Connecting rod bearings

Connecting rod bearings are metal inserts.

Protect the wear and tear in between the connecting rods
and the crankshaft.
When the crankshaft rotates, it is the connecting rods that
move the pistons down and up in their cylinder bores.
This constant motion may cause the bearings to wear out
over time thus affect efficiency and horsepower.

Small end bushes(con rod bearing)

provide relative motion of
the piston relative to the
connecting rod
End bushes are mounted
in the Small end of the
connecting rod.

Camshaft bearings
Are used to reduce friction with the rotation of the camshafts.
The camshaft is connected to the crankshaft directly or by a
gear mechanism so that the timing of both engine parts is in
sync.

ENGINE BEARINGS

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Available Space- there should be sufficient room in the

bearing housing
Friction and Heat generation - the oil shear forces are used
in the analysis.
from this equation, an estimate of the temperature rise for a
given oil flow rate is made using either empirical equations
available or various computer programs.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Specific Steady Load
Consider minimum film thickness and the peak hydrodynamic
load.
specific load p, P = W/LD where w=journal load , L is active
bearing length
D is the diameter
Special evaluation is required if the peak pressure exceeds
1,000 PSI or the minimum film thickness is less than 1.0 mils

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Surface speed
The larger the journal diameter, the higher the surface speed
for a given RPM.
To calculate feet-per-minute (FPM) from RPM the
relationship is:

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Dynamic Load
It is a result of shaft orbital
motion in the oil film
clearance space due to
imbalance, misalignment,
and other non-static forces.
Therefore, an alternating
hydrodynamic pressure
fluctuation is superimposed
on the steady pressure
being exerted on the
bearing.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Length to Diameter Ratio (L/D)
This factor considered so as to give sufficient steady and
alternating load capacity.
A longer bearing tends to have higher effective damping.
if L/D < 0.3 the engine will have poor damping,
L/D > 0.75 shows little gain in effective damping.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Clearance
The basic guideline universally used for diametral journal
bearing clearance is 1.5 mils-per-inch of journal diameter.
If the application has a typical loads and/or speeds, then this
clearance rule may need to be adjusted.
The bearing should be held in the housing with a zero to 1
mil interference fit.
A loose bearing will induce vibrations and too much housing
interference can reduce the clearance in the bearing.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Base Material
Normally steel is used as the backing material for bearings
and is preferred for its high strength.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Grooving
Grooving helps to direct lubricant to the loaded areas and for
cooling.
It also increases specific loading and stability.

PRECAUTIONS
Use the proper lubricant
Proper filtration to the lubricant
Operate within design clearances
Handle bearings carefully
Lubricate bearings during replacement

REFERENCE
Understanding Journal Bearings ;Malcolm E. Leader, P.E.
Applied Machinery Dynamics Co. Durango, Colorado
King engine bearings
Machine design R.S khurmi J.K Gupta
Bearing Design and Application by Donald F. Wilcock and E.
Richard Booser, McGraw Hill, 1957, 195, LC number 569641
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