Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ravnotene
Neravnotene
F
x [ m]
x [ m]
Ravnotena
promena
stanja
Neravnotena
promena
stanja
V [ m 3]
V [ m 3]
Politropne
Nepolitropne
73
Politropne
Nepolitropne
p v n = idem
n = idem
V [ m 3]
1.
RT
pv = p
= idem
p
2.
p vn =
RT n
v =idem
v
1 n
T = idem
pT 1 n = idem
T v n 1 =idem
v n dp + n p v n 1d v = 0 / : v n 1
v dp + n p v d v = 0 ............(1)
2) d (p v) = d (RT )
p dv + v d p = R dT ............(2)
74
(1)- (2)
p (n 1) dv = R dT
3)
q = cV dT + pdv = (cV
q =
cV n cV c p + cV
n 1
q = cV
n
dT
n 1
p dv =
R
dT
n 1
R
) dT
n 1
dT
q12 = cV
n
(T2 T1 )
n 1
Kako je
q = c dT , q = cV
c = cV
n
n 1
n
dT i c = idem
n 1
n
n 1
(n 1) c = cV (n )
n=
c cp
c cV
cp
cV
0
75
Izvreni radovi
Izvren zapreminski rad
Po definiciji
2
wV ,12 = p dv
1
wV ,12 = p1 v1n v n dv
1
1 n
p1 v1n 1 n 1n
p1 v1 v2
v2 v1 =
1
=
1 n
1 n v1
p v = RT
p1 v1 = RT1
RT v2
1 n v1
1 n
wV ,12
n 1
= idem
T1 v1n1
v
2
v1
= T2 v2n 1
n 1
1 n
v
T
= 1 2
T2
v1
sledi
wV ,12 =
RT1 T2
1
n 1 T1
wV ,12 =
R
(T2 T1 )
n 1
Na drugi nain
q + wV = d u
c dT + wV = cV dT
wV =
n cV cV n cV + c p
n 1
wv = cV dT cV
dT
76
n
dT
n 1
wV ,12 =
R
(T2 T1 )
n 1
T2
T1
Po definiciji
2
wteh,1-2 = v d p
1
p1 v1n = p v n v =
v1 p1n
1
pn
wteh,1-2 =
wteh,1-2
12
v1 p1n
1
1
1
1
v p n 1
= 1 1 p2 n p1 n
1
1
n
1
n 1
1
p2 n
p1 v1 p2 n
1 = n
1
p1
n 1 p1
1
pnd p
p1 v1
=
n 1
p1 T11 n = p2 T21 n
wteh,1-2 = n
p2
T
) = ( 2 ) n1
p1
T1
RT1 T2
1
n 1 T1
wteh,1-2 = n
R
[T2 T1 ]
n 1
ili
wteh,1 2 = n wv ,1 2
Na drugi nain
q + wteh = d h
wteh = c p dT cV
wteh = n
n c p n c p n cV + c p
dT
=
n 1
n 1
R
dT
n 1
wteh,12 = n
77
R
dT
n 1
q= 0
n=
p
N/m2
T
K
n=
n=
p1
n=0
n=
HLAENJE
KOMPRESIJA
v1
T1
n=1
p1
1<
n=
s1
HLAENJE
EKSPANZIJA
n=1
0
n=
1< 1
n<
n=
v, m3/kg
+v
EKSPANZIJA
v1
GRIJANJE
n=0
w=0
n=
KOMPRESIJA
-v
n<
GRIJANJE
s, J/(kg K)
p v 0 = idem
q = Td s
c = cp
q = cdT
q + wteh = d h
c dT = c p dT
c = cp
cp = T ds
ds = cp
dT
T
s s
T2 = T1 exp 2 1
c p
T2
T1
s s1
T = T1 exp
c p
n =1
s2 s1 = c p ln
p v = RT
p=
p1 v1 idem
=
v
v
wteh,1-2 = c p (T2 T1 )
q + wV = du = cv dT
wV ,1-2 = cV (T2 T1 )
78
= =
cp
cV
p v = idem
1
pn
v = idem v = idem
i v = idem n = , c = cv
1
n
p
q + wV = du
c dT = cV dT
c = cV
cV = T d s
ds = cp
dT
T
s2 s1 = cV ln
s s
T2 = T1 exp 2 1
cV
T2
T1
79
s s1
T = T1 exp
cV