7.

2 OSNOVNE POLITROPSKE PRIVIDNO RAVNOTENE PROMENE STANJA

IDEALNOG GASA

Promena stanja Izohorska Izobarska Izotermska Izentropska
Opta
politropska
idem v = idem p =
idem T = idem s =
Jednaina promene
0
idem p v =
0
idem T v =
1
idem Tp

=
0
idem pv =
1
idem Tv

=
0
idem T p =
idem pv =
0
idem Tv =
0
idem Tp =
idem pv

=
1
idem Tv

=
1
idem T p

=
idem
n
pv =
1
idem
n
Tv

=
1
idem
n n
T p

=
Odnosi
veliina
stanja
izmeu
1
2
p
p
=
1
2
v
v
=
1
2
T
T
=
1
2
T
T
=
1
1
2
p
p
=
1
1
2
T
T
=
1
2
v
v
=
2
1
v
v
=
2
1
p
p
=
1
1
2 1
1 2
v T
v T

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

1 1
1
2 2
1 1
p T
p T

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

1
1
1 2
2 1
p v
p v

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

1
2 1
1 2
n
n
n
v T
v T

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

1 1
1
2 2
1 1
n n
p T
p T

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

1
1
1 2
2 1
n
n
n
p v
p v

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

Izvren specifini
rad usled promene
zapremine
1 2
w

=
0
2 1
( ) R T T
2 1
( ) p v v
2
1
ln
p
RT
p

2
1 1
1
ln
v
p v
v

2 1
( )
1
R
T T

1
1 1 2
1
1
1
p v p
p

(
| |
(

|
(

\ .
(


2 1
( )
1
R
T T
n

1
1 1 2
1
1
1
n
n
p v p
n p

(
| |
(

|
(

\ .
(


Predata specifina
koliina toplote,
12
q =
2 1
( )
v
c T T
2 1
( )
1
v p p

2 1
( )
p
c T T
12
1
l

1 2 t,1 2
w w

=
2
1
ln
v
RT
v

0
0
2 1
( )
1
v
n
c T T
n

1 2
1
n
w

Izvren specifini
tehniki rad,
t,1 2
w

=
2 1
( ) v p p
0
2
1 2
1
ln
p
w RT
p

=
1 2
w


1 2
n w


Promena specifine
entropije
gasa,
2 1
s s =
2
1
ln
v
T
c
T

2
1
ln
p
v
c
v

2
1
ln
v
R
v

0
2
1
ln
1
v
T n
c
n T

Promena specifine
unutranje energije,
2 1
u u =
2 1
( )
v
c T T
0
2 1
( )
v
c T T
Promena
specifine entalpije,
2 1
h h =
2 1
( )
p
c T T
0 2 1
( )
p
c T T
Eksponent
politrope, n =
0 1
n
Specifina
toplota promene
stanja, c =

v
c

p
c
0
1
v
n
c
n