CARBAMAZEPINE

INTRODUCTION:
I have chosen the carbamazepine drug for my presentation.

DEFINTION:
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY:
It is the scientific studies of the effects of drug have a mood, sensation, thinking
and behaviour. It is distinguished from neuro psychopharmacology.

ANTICONVULSANT AGENT:
Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and analgesic used in the treatment of pain
associated with trigeminal neuralgia and for control of complex partial seizure in
patients who do not respond to phenysoin, phenobarbital or primidone.

HISTORY OF DRUG:
Carbamazepine was discovered by chemist walter schindler at J.R.Geigg
AG in basel, switzerland in 1953.
It was first marketed as a drug to treat epilepsy in switzerlandin 1963 under
the brand name tegretol, its use for trigeminal neuralgia was introduced at
the same time.
It has been used as an anticonvulsant and antiepileptic in the UK since 1965
and has been approved in the US since 1968.
In 1971, Drs. Takezaki and hanoka first used carbamazepine to control
mania in patients refractory to antipsychotics.

 Dr.Okuma, working independently did the same thing with success.

Carbamazepine was studied for bipolar disorder throughout the 1970s.

DRUG IDENTITY:
FUNCTIONAL CLASS: anticonvulsant.
GENERIC NAME: carbamazepine
TRADE OR BRAND NAME: tegretol, carbatrol.

AVAILABILITY:
It is available as a
Oral: tablets (extended release): 100mg, 200mg, and 300mg.

PHARMACOKINETIC:
Absorption: rapid absorption with considerable first pass metabolism.
Distribution: crosses placenta, blood brain barrier, protein binding.
Metabolization: metabolized by liver
Excretion: excreted in urine & feces.
Peak concentration: onset slow; 4-5 hrs, half life; 18 to 65 hrs then 8-29 after 1st
month.

DRUG INTERACTION:
Chloroquine, mefloquine: possibly antagonized action of carbamazepine.
Cisplastin, doxorubicin, methsuxmide, phenobarbital, rifampin, theophylline:
decreased blood carbamzepine level.
Chlomipramine, phenytoin, primidone: increased blood levels of these drugs.
Felbamate: decreased blood level of carbamazepine toxicity and isoniazid
hepatoxicity.
Lithium: increased risk of CNS toxicity.
Oral anticoagulants: increased metabolism and decreased effectiveness of
anticoagulant.
Nefazodone: decreased nefadone effectiveness of neuromuscular blocker.