Thc Hanh Tnh Ket Cau Cong Trnh STAAD.

PRO 4

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GII THIEU TOM TAT VE

Bai 1:

STAAD.PRO 2004
1 - C s ly thuyet va lch s hnh thanh

Research Engineer International, tru s chnh Yorba Linda, Calfornia la nha

cung cap hang au ve cong nghe thong tin (IT), thng mai ien t.

STAAD.Pro la ket qua cua 25 nam kinh nghiem cua REI trong cong nghiep phan
mem ket cau.

2- Kha nang va han che cua STAAD.Pro 2004

3- Cac phien ban va yeu cau he thong

- Ngon ng lenh cua STAAD. Pro

STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 08-Jul-05
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 4 7.5 0 0; 7 15 0 0; 8 22.5 0 0; 9 30 0 0; 10 0 2 0;
.
MEMBER INCIDENCES
7 16 17; 8 17 18; 15 25 26; 16 26 27; 23 34 35; 24 35 36; 25 1 10;

DEFINE MATERIAL START

ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE MEMB 31 TO 34 37 40 TO 43
MEMBER PROPERTY
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1 TO 249 PRIS YD 1 ZD 0.6

250 TO 256 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 0.4
SUPPORTS
1 4 7 TO 93 113 TO 117 FIXED
LOAD 1
FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE 3 15 FLOAD -0.6
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
LOAD 2
FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE 3 15 FLOAD -0.8
LOAD COMB 3 TH
1 1.2 2 1.4
PERFORM ANALYSIS
START CONCRETE DESIGN
CODE ACI
FC 1800 MEMB 15 16 55 TO 58 69 TO 73 79 TO 82 85 86 106 TO 109 120 FYMAIN 30000 MEMB 15 16 55 TO 58 69 TO 73 79 TO 82 85 86 106 TO 109 FYSEC 20000 MEMB 15 16 55 TO 58 69 TO 73 79 TO 82 85 86 106 TO 109 MAXMAIN 25 MEMB 15 16 55 TO 58 69 TO 73 79 TO 82 85 86 106 TO 109 120 MINMAIN 22 MEMB 15 16 55 TO 58 69 TO 73 79 TO 82 85 86 106 TO 109 120 TRACK 2 MEMB 15 16 55 TO 58 69 TO 73 79 TO 82 85 86 106 TO 109 120 DESIGN BEAM 15 16 55 TO 58 69 TO 73 79 TO 82 85 86 106 TO 109 END CONCRETE DESIGN
FINISH

1.3. LY THUYET TNH TOAN

1.3.1. Noi dung cua phng phap phan t hu han.

Phng phap phan t hu han la mot phng phap rat hay e xay dng cac
chng trnh tnh toan ket cau da tren viec thiet lap va giai cac phng trnh
ai so phc tap vi an so la chuyen v tai nut cua cac phan t. qua trnh giai
mot bai toan co the thc hien theo cac bc sau :

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Ri rac hoa ket cau:

ket cau c chia nho thanh cac phan t goi la qua trnh ri rac hoa ket cau. o
chnh xac cua bai toan cang cao khi iem chia cua ket cau cang nho.

Lap ma tran o cng [K]i cho cac phan t :

Da vao ac trng hnh hoc cua tiet dien ta tnh c E, F, J, Yc..cua tng phan t.
Da vao ieu kien lien ket cua phan t xac nh c kieu phan t

Lap ma tran [R]i cho tng phan t trong he toa o a phng

Xac nh [Rg]i, [Rp]i

[R]i = [Rg] + [Rp]

Trong o

[R]i - vect tai cua mot phan t i

[Rg]i, [Rp]i - vect tai do tnh tai va hoat tai.

Phng trnh can bang trong he toa o a phng.

[R]i = [K]i + [q]i
[q]i - vec t chuyen v nut cua phan t th i
[K]i - ma tran o cng cua phan t i
[q]i - ma tran chuyen v nut cua phan t i

Phng trnh can bang trong he toa o chung.

Lap

[T]i -> [T]T

Tm

[R']i=[T]T*[R]I, [K']i=[T]Ti*[K]i*[T]i

Tm

[q']i=[K']i*[q]I, [R']i=[K']i*[q']i

Lap phng trnh can bang cua toan he trong he toa o chung

Gop ma tran [K], kh suy bien

[R'] [R'], [K'] [K'], [q'] [q']

a vao ieu kien bien.

[K'] [K']* , [q'] [q']*

Giai he phng trnh tm q* cua toan he

[q*]=[K*]-2*[R*]

Da vao chuyen v, ta se tm c noi lc cua toan he

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1.4. Nhng khai niem c ban

1.4.1. Cac cach vao d lieu:

Dang Text: Ban dung mot phan mem soan thao van ban bat ky (nh Notepad,
Word) hoac s dung moun STAAD - Editor trong nhom cac ng dung cua he
chng trnh STAAD e chuan b File so lieu co phan m rong la. STD.

Dang Graphics : Nhap trc tiep trong moi trng o hoa, nhieu cong cu manh.
Nhng ket cau qua phc tap co the dung CAD e ve sau o nhap vao mo hnh.

1.4.2. Cac dang ket cau trong STAAD.Pro

Trong STAAD.Pro co cac loai bai toan sau:

Space: Ket cau khong gian chu tai trong bat ky.

Plane: Ket cau phang trong mat phang X-Y (he toa o tong the) chu tai trong
trong mat phang.

Truss: Ket cau dan phang hoac khong gian - noi lc trong phan t ch gom lc
doc.

Floor: Ket cau phang (2 chieu) hoac khong gian (3 chieu), khong co tai trong
ngang hoac khong co cac tai trong gay ra chuyen v ngang (chuyen v theo
phng cac truc X, Z cua he toa o tong the). Ket cau khung san khong co
tai trong ngang la dang ket cau Floor ien hnh. Neu ket cau co tai trong
ngang th ban phai mo hnh chung di dang Space.

1.4.3. n v Unit Systems

STAAD.Pro s dung nhieu loai n v khac nhau, so lieu vao cho mot bai toan co the
nhieu he n v khac nhau.

n v cua goc a vao phai la o (chuyen v cng bc goi ta).

Ket qua chuyen v xoay tai nut (a ra) la Radian.

1.4.3. He toa o
Ket cau c hnh thanh bi cac phan t rieng biet nh dam, cot, san..e xac nh mot
ket cau th phai:

Xac nh cac iem hay nut

Xac nh phan t noi qua cac nut o.

He toa o tong the :

He toa o tong the la he toa o bat ky trong khong gian, c dung e mo ta s o
ket cau. Thong thng th he toa o co truc Z la hng len nhng STAAD.Pro qua nh
truc hng len la truc Y, ban nen tuan theo quy nh nay.

He trc giao - Cartersian (X, Y, Z): gom 3 truc tuan theo quy tac tam thuan.

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H ta cc - Cylindrical (R, , Z): R, nm trong mt phng XY

H ta cc ngc (R, , Y): R, nm trong mt phng XZ

He toa o a phng:

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Moi mot oi tng trong STAAD.Pro eu co mot he toa o a phng, he toa o nay
gan vao phan t, c dung e mo ta cac ac trng hnh hoc, cac kch thc tiet
dien cua cau kien (vi phan t thanh), be day (vi phan t tam) va mot so dang tai
trong. Ket qua noi lc phan t c a ra luon gan vi he toa o a phng.
Chu y:
Trong phan tch ket cau, ban bat buoc phai a vao gia tr E, con trong lng rieng
se c s dung khi co ke ti trong lng ban than
He so POISS c dung e xac nh mo un trt (Shear Modulus) G theo cong thc:
G = 0.5 x E/(1 + POISS)
Neu ban khong a vao he so POISS (poiss =0) th G se c lay = 0.5 E.

1.4.5. Cac loai lien ket

Fixed: Ngam cng theo cac phng cua he toa o tong the.

Pined: Khp co nh, ngan can cac chuyen v thang trong khong gian theo cac
truc cua he toa o tong the.

Fixed But: Lien ket bat k bang cach ngan can mot so trong cac chuyen v
thang hay xoay theo cac truc cua he toa o tong the.

Spring: Lien ket an hoi vi cac he so o cng an hoi do ngi s dung nh

ngha.

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Inclined (fixed or spring): Lien ket nghieng theo mot phng do ngi s dung
xac nh.

Foundation: Ket hp ong thi s lam viec cua he ket cau ben tren va mong
pha di. Nen at pha di c mo ta nh goi ta an hoi.

1.4.6. Cac loai tai trong khac:

STAAD.Pro con cho phep ban xac nh c cac loai tai trong sau:

Tai trong nut (Joint Load): bao gom momen va lc tap trung

Tai trong tren thanh member (Selfweight): trong lng ban than ket cau, tai trong
nay c tnh da vao vat lieu ma oi tng s dung.

Chuyen v cng bc goi ta (Support Displacement Load): bao gom chuyen v

thang va chuyen v xoay. oi vi chuyen v th nhap n v dai, chuyen v xoay
phai nhap bang o (Degree)

Area Load: la kha nang manh cua STAAD.Pro, kha nang nay cho phep ban
don tai trong ban san ve cho cac dam. Chng trnh se t ong tnh toan dien
chu tai cho tng dam va don cho cac dam mot

Cach phu hp theo nguyen tac sau

- Tai trong quy ve khung (dam) phan bo tuyen tnh.
- Dien chu tai cua mot dam lay bang 1/2 khoang cach ti dam gan nhat co phng
song song (ca 2 ben). Neu khoang cach nay ln hn chieu dai dam ang xet th tai
trong se khong don vao dam ang xet.
- Tai trong nay se khong don cho cac phan t thanh thuoc loai cable, truss hoac
tension only.

V du: s don tai area load, tai tren dien tch la 0.1
Quan sat hnh di, s phan bo tai c chng trnh lam nh sau
Phan t 1 nhan c tai tuyen tnh mot au la 0.3 au kia la 0.2
Phan t 2 va 4 nhan tai phan bo eu gia tr la 0.5 tren toan bo chieu dai
Phan t 3 nhan tai trong tuyen tnh mot au 0.45 va au kia la 0.55
Phan t 5 nhan tai phan bo eu gia tr 0.25
Phan t 6 en 13 khong nhan tai v khoang cach cua no en phan t gan nhat cung
phng ln hn chieu dai cua no

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10

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11

12

13

Tai trong ban san (Floor Load): Qui tai trong tren ban san ve phan bo tren dam
theo nguyen tac phan tai hnh thang va tam giac (ban ke 4 canh).

Trong trng hp san i qua nhieu phan t th moi phan t se nhan mot phan tai hnh
thang hoac phan bo. Vi nhng san la hnh a giac bat k th s phan bo tai nh sau

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1.4.7. Mot so loai tai trong t sinh trong chng trnh

STAAD.Pro cung cap cho ban kha nang t sinh tai trong di ong va tai trong gio va tai trong
ong at. (theo Uniform Building Code UBC va IS 1893 code).

Wind Load Generator t sinh tai trong gio: STAAD co mot la chon cho phep ban
xac nh trong tai gio mot cach t ong, can c vao mot vai so lieu ban au nh cng o
gio (indensities) va hng gio (exposure). Cng o gio co the c xac nh khac nhau
theo chieu cao tang (theo tieu chuan).

Moving Load Generator t sinh taI trong di ong:

T ong xac nh tai trong di ong (nh ngha cac tai trong tap trung va tai trong vet) hoac
chon t cac tai trong lan xe tieu chuan cua AASHTO (American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials). Trong tai nay la tap hp cac trong tai tap trung,
khoang cach gia chung la hang,.

UBS seismic Load Generator t sinh tai trong ong at:

Lay theo qui pham cua My UBC -Uniform Building Code.Theo tieu chuan nay tac dung ong
at c qui thanh cac lc tap trung tai cac nut theo cac phng trnh X, Z cua he toa o
tong the, hng cua truc Y luon luon la hng trong lc. Cac lc nut nay phu thuoc vao lc
ngang nen (Base Shear) hay tong chan ong ngang (total seismic lateral fore). Lc ngang
nen hay tong chan ong ngang c t ong tnh
toan theo UBC (1985 hay 1994), tuy theo tng trng
hp cu the ma can phai xac nh cac he so tam quan
trong, he so mien chan ong... Sau o lc ngang nen
se c phan phoi thanh cac tai trong nut tai cac
tang khac nhau

1.5. CAC PHAN T TRONG STAAD.PRO

1.5.1. Phan T Thanh (Member)
1.5.1.1. Truc a Phng
Phan t thanh c xac nh bi 2 nut i, j; Truc a phng x i t nut au i ti nut cuoi j cua
phan t; Cac truc a phng y, z nam trong mat phang vuong goc vi truc x va trung vi 2
truc quan tnh chnh cua tiet dien phan t thanh. Xac nh truc y, z thong qua quy tac ban
tay phai
Quy tac ban tay phai:
Truc x i t co tay en ngon tay tro
Truc y nam trong mat phang vuong goc vi truc x, theo hng ch cua ngon tay cai
Truc z xac i xuyen vao long ban tay.

1.5.1.2. Quan he gia he toa o a phng va he toa o tong the .

Ta biet rang khi nhap tai cho phan t thanh th ban co the nhap trong he toa o a phng
hay he toa o tong the. Tuy nhien moi ket qua noi lc cuoi phan t eu c a ra trong
he toa o a phng. Quan he gia hai he toa o nay c thong qua mot tham so goc
beta.

Tham so goc beta

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Khi truc a phng x song song vi truc tong the Y (nh trng hp cot), goc Beta la goc
ma truc a phng z phai quay xung quanh truc a phng x ti v tr cung chieu vi hng
dng cua truc tong the Z.
Khi truc a phng x khong song song vi truc tong the Y, goc beta la goc ma he toa o a
phng phai quay xung quanh truc a phng x ti v tr sao cho truc a phng z phai
song song vi mat phang X-Z va truc a phng y cung chieu vi hng dng cua truc
tong the Y.

1.5.1.3. Noi lc phan t thanh:

oi vi phan t thanh khi lam viec khong gian, moi au phan t co 6 bac t do tng
ng vi 6 chuyen v (3 chuyen v thang, 3 chuyen v xoay ng vi he toa o tong the).
Cac thanh phan noi lc moi au phan t la

My, Mz

- Momen uon quanh 2 truc a phng y, z

Mx (T)

- Momen xoan quanh truc thanh.

Fy, Fz (V)- Lc cat theo 2 phng y, z lan lt

Fx, (P) - Lc doc

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Lu y : trong chng trnh momen se ve theo 2 mui ten ch khong phai cong nh quy
nh cua ta

1.5.1.4. ac trng hnh hoc cua phan t thanh (Member)

Cac ac trng hnh hoc cua tiet dien c tnh da vao hnh dang cu the cua tng loai
tiet dien, cac tiet dien o co the tao theo cac cach

PRISMATIC: phan t thanh co tiet dien eu

Lay tiet dien t th vien thep co trong th vien (cac bang thep cua 15 nc)

Lay thep t th vien thep ngi dung

TAPERED: phan t thanh co tiet dien thay oi (phi lang tru)

Nhap vao t chng trnh SectionWiward

Cac ac trng hnh hoc ma chng trnh dung e tnh toan la

AX
AY, AZ
Ix
IY, IZ
YD

Dien tch mat cat ngang.

Dien tch chu cat theo truc y, z cua he toa o a phng
Mo men quan tnh oc cc ( chong xoan).
Mo men quan tnh chong uon quanh truc a phng y, z.
Chieu cao cua tiet dien ch nhat hay ch T hay hnh thang Kch
thc theo phng truc y cua he toa o a phng.

ZD

Chieu rong cua tiet dien ch nhat hay chieu rong ban canh cua tiet
dien ch T hay chieu rong canh ay ln cua tiet dien hnh thang kch thc theo phng truc z cua he toa o a phng

ZB

Be day ban bung cua tiet dien ch T hay chieu rong canh ay cua
tiet dien hnh thang.

1.5.1.5. Tai trong thanh (Member Load)

Tai trong co the xac nh theo he toa o tong the hoac he toa o a phng. Khi nhap ban
co the nhap theo he toa o tong the hay he toa o a phng.

Concentrated Load : Tai trong tap trung tren phan t thanh (Lc va mo men).

Uniform Load: Tai trong phan bo eu tren phan t thanh (Lc va mo men).

Trapezoidal Load: Tai trong lc phan bo dang hnh thang hoac tam giac tren 1 oan
hoac ca chieu dai phan t thanh (Trong o co dang ap lc thuy tnh phang).

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II/ Cc dng phn t thanh c bit

C rt nhiu iu kin lm vic khc nhau ca phn t thanh, khi chng tr nn c bit ngi ta
xc nh iu kin lm vic cho chng nh cc phn t cp, ko hay nn thun ty

1/ Phn t thanh dng cp - Cable

y l dng phn t thanh c ng sut ban u, cng ca phn t c xc nh t thnh
phn cng do dn n hi khi chu ti (Kdh) v thnh phn cng do c s thay i s
hnh hc (Khh) (Thnh phn ny ph thuc ng sut ban u). cng ca phn t thanh dng
cable :
K=

1
1 / K hh + 1 / K dh

2/ Phn t thanh chu ko hay nn thun ty (Tension or Compression Only)

phn tch nhng kt cu ch chu lc dc trc, nh phn t dn c hai cch xc nh chng
l chu ko hay nn thun ty. Khi lm cn phi khai bo chng trong dng lnh (TRUSS)
Tension Only: y l dng phn t thanh ch c ng sut ko. Nu trong phn t tn ti ng sut
nn th cng ca phn t khng c a vo ma trn cng ca h.
Compression only: y l dng phn t thanh ch c ng sut nn. Nu trong phn t tn ti ng
sut ko th cng ca phn t khng c a vo ma trn cng ca h.

3/ Phn t thanh loi dn (Truss)

Trong phn t ch c ng sut dc trc (ko hoc nn), khng k n bin dng ct, bin dng
un v bin dng xon.

III/ Phn t tm v (Plate/Safece Element)

1/ Khi nim chung
Phn t tm, v c hnh dng tam gic hay t gic. Phn t tm
(Element) dng m hnh ha bn sn, li thang my, vch cng trong
nh cao tng, b cha...Trong mt kt cu c th gm cc phn t thanh
v cc phn t tm. Khi cc nt ca phn t t gic khng ng phng
bn nn dng 2 phn t tam gic. b dy ca tm ti cc nt c th khc
nhau (y l kh nng rt mnh m cc chng trnh khc khng c
c)

M s lu khi m hnh ha
Khi gn cc nt ca phn t, nn i theo chu vi phn t (C th ngc hay xui chiu kim

ng h).
T l cc cnh ca phn t nn t hn 4:1.
Gc gia 2 cnh k nhau trong phn t khng c ln hn 180 , tt nht l t 45o-135o

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2/ H ta a phng ca phn t tm/v.

H ta a phng lun lun c trc z vung gc vi mt phng ca phn t. Trc x, y
nm trong mt phng ca phn t. xc nh cc trc a phng x, y bn lm nh sau :
Xc nh cc trung im M, N, O, P ca cc cnh IJ, JK, KL, LI
Vc t PN xc nh trc xi (trong phn t tam gic x xc nh bi vc t ON, vct ny lun
song song vi cnh IJ).
Trc a phng z l tch ca 2 vc t PN v MO (trong phn t tam gic z l tch ca 2 vc
t ON v MK) z = PN x MO.
Trc a phng y l tch ca 2 vc t z v x : y = Z x X, cc bn quan st hnh di.

3/ Ti trng phn t
Mnh hn hn cc chng trnh khc v kh nng t ti trn phn t tm v, trong STAAD.Pro
ti trng c th trn phn t tm xc nh theo h ta tng th hoc h ta a phng. Ti
trng trn tm c th ton b hay mt phn ca tm. Cc loi ti trng l:
Ti trng nt trong h ta tng th.
Ti trng tp trung ti mt im nm trong phn t theo h ta a phng hay tng th
(V tr ca im do ngi s dng xc nh).
p lc phn b u hoc bin thin tuyn tnh theo mt trong 2 phng (x hoc y) trn ton
b phn t hoc trn mt phn ca phn t theo h ta a phng hay tng th (p lc
thy tnh hoc p lc t l nhng v d in hnh bin thin tuyn tnh mt phng).

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Tc dng nhit : S tng gim hoc khc nhau gia mt trn v mt di ca phn t,

khi nhit mi trng thay i bn cng c th tnh c ni lc do n gy ra.

4/ Kt qu ni lc ca phn t tm/v:
Kt qu ni lc c th a ra ti cc v tr :
Ti tm ca phn t.
Ti cc nt gc ca phn t.
Ti im no nm trong phn t do ngi s dng xc nh.

Cc gi tr ni lc hay ng sut ( tng ng vi h ta a phng) bao gm :

Qx, Qy : ng sut ct (lc/1 n v di/ 1 n v dy).
Fx, Fy, Fxy : ng sut mng (lc/1 n v di/1 n v dy).
Mx, My, Mxy : M men un trn n v chiu di (m men/1 n v di).
Smax, Smin : ng sut chnh (Lc/mt n v din tch).
Tmax : ng sut ct ln nht (Lc/mt n v din tch).
Gc xoay ca mt phng chnh ANGLE ().

5/ Mt s ch vi phn t tm/v
Nu trong h kt cu tn ti c phn t tm/v v phn t thanh th phn khai bo

v phn t thanh phi t trc trong file s liu.

Trng lng bn thn ca phn t tm/v c dn thnh ti trng nt ch khng

phi p lc b mt trn phn t.

Ni lc phn t c a ra ti cc ng tim, trc ch khng phi ti cc cnh.
Ngoi cc kt qu ng sut trnh by trn, chng trnh cn in ra cc ng sut
Von mises ti mt trn v mt di ca phn t

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