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06 - Drilling Engineering - Drillstring PDF
06 - Drilling Engineering - Drillstring PDF
(CGE577)
1
CHAPTER 2:
2.1 DRILLSTRING
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Introduction to DRILLSTRING
DRILLSTRING
4
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FUNCTIONS OF DRILLSTRING
5
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Drillpipe
6
Drillpipe is the main component of drillstring (90 -95% of the entire length of
drillstring)
It is a tubular steel pipe that is welded with threaded ends called tooljoints.
Each length of drillpipe is called the joint/ single.
Each joint of drillpipe has standard dimension specified by API.
API Range
18-22
38-45
The joints is manufactured not at uniform length the exact length must be
measured at the rigsite since the only way in which the driller knows the depth of the
drillbit is by knowing the the length of the drillstring and its components.
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Drillpipe
7
O.D
Nominal
Weight
(lb/ft)
I.D
2 -3/8
6.65
1.815
2 -7/8
10.40
2.151
3 -
9.50
2.992
3 -
13.30
2.764
15.50
4.602
16.25
4.408
5 -
25.6
4.000
5 -
21.90
4.776
5 -
24.70
4.670
is written in:
[O.D, weight, grade and range]
E.g: 5 25.6 lb/ft Grade X Range 2
These specifications influence the
Drillpipe dimensions
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Drillpipe
8
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Drillpipe
9
The weight and dimensions of the drillpipe given is nominal value and does not
type, grade of the drillpipe and weight per foot of the drillpipe.
Technically, the weight of drillpipe is lower when it is immersed in the drilling
fluid (wet weight) as compared to its weight when suspended in air (weight in
air) due to buoyant force (buoyant factor <1).
The wet weight/ buoyant weight when suspended in the fluid
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10
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Exercise 1
11
Nominal
Weight
(lb/ft)
Grade
Approx.
Weight
(lb/ft)
4-1/2 IF
19.5
G 105
21.5
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Tool Joints
12
Box
Pin
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drillpipe
Has longer tool joint to increase stiffness
of the pipe to better withstand loads acting
on drillstring.
Used at the base of the drillpipe where the
stress concentration is greatest
HWDP can absorb stresses being
transferred from the stiff drill collars to
the flexible drillpipe due to the difference
in cross section
HWDP can also absorb stresses due to
rotation and cutting action of the bit which
may result in a vertical bouncing effect
See Video
HWDP
Standard
drillpipe
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Drillpipe Stresses
15
Tension
Torque
Drillpipe Failures
16
Corrosion on drillstring can be due to the dissolved
Hydrogen Embrittlement
CO2 Corrosion
Erosion
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Drillpipe Inspection
17
EMI Inspection
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Drillpipe Inspection
18
The inspection method of drillpipe can be done using non-destructive tests
The pipe will be classified to its degree of damage in term of drillpipe wall
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Drillpipe Inspection
19
Drill pipe is classed according to wear in the following categories:-
Class 1
New
Premium
Class 2
Class 3
Most operators specify that their Drilling Contractors supply only Premium Pipe
Premium pipe is typically 80% as strong as new pipe and then a further factor of safety
of 85% is applied to calculate the maximum allowable pull permitted in normal Drilling
Operations
Different Grades of steel are used in the manufacture of Drill pipe with increasing
percentage of Alloy Content
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Drillpipe
Typical New Drill pipe Properties are as follows:-
Size
Weight
lbs/ft
13.3
271,569
18,551
13.3
380,197
25,972
13.3
488,825
33,392
19.5
395,595
41,167
19.5
553,833
57,633
19.5
712,070
74,100
Exercise 2
21
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Solution
Maximum pull on each grade of 3 x 13.3 # pipe will be:Grade
Tensile
Strength
Premium
Factor
Safety
Factor
Grade E
271,569
x 0.8
x 0.85
= 184,666
Grade G
380,197
x 0.8
x 0.85
= 258,533
Grade S
488,825
x 0.8
x 0.85
= 332,401
24
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The required weight on bit (WOB) determine the required length of the drill collar for
a particular drilling process and can be calculated from;
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Example 1
26
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Solution
27
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Exercise 3
28
If highest ROP for a 12- bit can be achieved when 25,000 lbs WOB
Solution
Calculated length of drillcollar = 166 ft
Please also note that additional length is required to ensure
BHA Components
30
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BHA Components
31
Shock sub (vibration dampener) is normally placed
Shock Sub
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DRILLSTRING DESIGN
32
drilling process
Depends on several factors such as hole depth and size, desired safety
factor in tension and margin of overpull, length and weight of drill
collars and desired drillpipe size and inspection class
Design criteria to choose a suitable drill string:
1. Tension
2. Collapse
3. Shock Loading
4. Torsion
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1. Tension
33
Tension describes the pulling force exerted by each end of a string which is
opposite of compression
The greatest tension (P) on the drillstring occurs at the top joint at the
maximum drilled depth.
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1. Tension (Contd)
34
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1. Tension (Contd)
35
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Legend:
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Exercise 4
37
Tension:
A drillstring consists of 600 ft of 8-1/4 in x 2-13/16 in drill collars and
the rest is a 5 in, 19.5 lbm/ft Grade X95 drillpipe. If the required MOP
is 100,000 lbs and mud weight is 10ppg, calculate the maximum depth
of hole that can be drilled when:
a.
Using new drillpipe = 16909 ft
b.
Using Class 2 drillpipe having a yield strength of 394 600lb = 11106 ft
Please consider 90% safety factor of yield strength.
See Drillpipe properties
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2. Collapse
38
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2. Collapse (Contd)
39
Exercise 5
40
Collapse:
If 10,000 ft of the drillpipe in Exercise 4 is used,
a.
b.
If the fluid level inside the drillpipe drops to 6000ft below the rotary
table, determine the new safety factor. SF = 3.8
3. Shock Loading
41
Shock loading arises whenever slips are set on moving drillpipe and can
Shock loading gives additional tensile force (Fs) on drillpipe and can be
calculated as follows:
Exercise 6
42
Shock Load:
Assuming that 10,000 ft of Grade X95 has been selected from Exercise 4,
Determine:
a. The safety factor during drilling SF= 1.83
b. The magnitude of shock loading (Fs), Fs = 62400 lb
c. The safety factor when shock loading is included, SF = 1.46
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4. Torsion
43
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Exercise 7
44
Torsion:
The following data refer to a drillstring stuck at the drill collars:
Drillpipe: 10,000 ft, 5 in. OD, 4.276 in. ID, 19.5 lb/ft, Grade E,
Class 2 having a tensile strength of 311,540 lb
DrillCollars: 600 ft, total weight 80,000 lb.
Make up torque for drillpipe tool joints = 20,000 lb-ft
100% free point = 9,900 ft
Assignment 1
45
Design a drill string for a hole size of 8-1/2 in., to 15,000ft, given the
Drill Collar
Drillpipe
Description
Length (ft)
Depth (ft)
Weight (lbs)
720
15,000 - ?
? to surface
* Submission dateline: 13 October 2014 before 5pm.. Submission should be made through i-learn
course forum (CGE577)
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