Microsoft does not claim ownership of the materials you provide to Microsoft (including feedback and

suggestions) or post, upload, input or submit to any Services or its associated services for review by the
general public, or by the members of any public or private community, (each a "Submission" and
collectively "Submissions"). However, by posting, uploading, inputting, providing or submitting
("Posting") your Submission you are granting Microsoft, its affiliated companies and necessary
sublicensees permission to use your Submission in connection with the operation of their Internet
businesses (including, without limitation, all Microsoft Services), including, without limitation, the
license rights to: copy, distribute, transmit, publicly display, publicly perform, reproduce, edit, translate
and reformat your Submission; to publish your name in connection with your Submission; and the right to
sublicense such rights to any supplier of the Services.
No compensation will be paid with respect to the use of your Submission, as provided herein. Microsoft is
under no obligation to post or use any Submission you may provide and Microsoft may remove any
Submission at any time in its sole discretion. By Posting a Submission you warrant and represent that you
own or otherwise control all of the rights to your Submission as described in these Terms of Use
including, without limitation, all the rights necessary for you to provide, post, upload, input or submit the
Submissions.
In addition to the warranty and representation set forth above, by Posting a Submission that contain
images, photographs, pictures or that are otherwise graphical in whole or in part ("Images"), you warrant
and represent that (a) you are the copyright owner of such Images, or that the copyright owner of such
Images has granted you permission to use such Images or any content and/or images contained in such
Images consistent with the manner and purpose of your use and as otherwise permitted by these Terms of
Use and the Services, (b) you have the rights necessary to grant the licenses and sublicenses described in
these Terms of Use, and (c) that each person depicted in such Images, if any, has provided consent to the
use of the Images as set forth in these Terms of Use, including, by way of example, and not as a
limitation, the distribution, public display and reproduction of such Images. By Posting Images, you are
granting (a) to all members of your private community (for each such Images available to members of
such private community), and/or (b) to the general public (for each such Images available anywhere on
the Services, other than a private community), permission to use your Images in connection with the use,
as permitted by these Terms of Use, of any of the Services, (including, by way of example, and not as a
limitation, making prints and gift items which include such Images), and including, without limitation, a
non-exclusive, world-wide, royalty-free license to: copy, distribute, transmit, publicly display, publicly
perform, reproduce, edit, translate and reformat your Images without having your name attached to such
Images, and the right to sublicense such rights to any supplier of the Services. The licenses granted in the
preceding sentences for a Images will terminate at the time you completely remove such Images from the
Services, provided that, such termination shall not affect any licenses granted in connection with such
Images prior to the time you completely remove such Images. No compensation will be paid with respect
to the use of your Images.
Microsoft has no obligation to monitor the Communication Services. However, Microsoft reserves the
right to review materials posted to the Communication Services and to remove any materials in its sole
discretion. Microsoft reserves the right to terminate your access to any or all of the Communication
Services at any time, without notice, for any reason whatsoever.
Microsoft reserves the right at all times to disclose any information as Microsoft deems necessary to
satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request, or to edit, refuse to post or
to remove any information or materials, in whole or in part, in Microsoft's sole discretion. Always use
caution when giving out any personally identifiable information about yourself or your children in any

Communication Services. Microsoft does not control or endorse the content, messages or information
found in any Communication Services and, therefore, Microsoft specifically disclaims any liability with
regard to the Communication Services and any actions resulting from your participation in any
Communication Services. Managers and hosts are not authorized Microsoft spokespersons, and their
views do not necessarily reflect those of Microsoft. Materials uploaded to the Communication Services
may be subject to posted limitations on usage, reproduction and/or dissemination; you are responsible for
adhering to such limitations if you download the materials.
The Products transacted through the Service are licensed, not sold, to You for use only under the terms of
this license, unless a Product is accompanied by a separate license agreement, in which case the terms of
that separate license agreement will govern, subject to Your prior acceptance of that separate license
agreement. The licensor (Application Provider) reserves all rights not expressly granted to You. The
Product that is subject to this license is referred to in this license as the Licensed Application.
a. Scope of License: This license granted to You for the Licensed Application by Application Provider is
limited to a non-transferable license to use the Licensed Application on any iPhone or iPod touch that You
own or control and as permitted by the Usage Rules set forth in Section 9.b. of the App Store Terms and
Conditions (the Usage Rules). This license does not allow You to use the Licensed Application on any
iPod touch or iPhone that You do not own or control, and You may not distribute or make the Licensed
Application available over a network where it could be used by multiple devices at the same time. You
may not rent, lease, lend, sell, redistribute or sublicense the Licensed Application. You may not copy
(except as expressly permitted by this license and the Usage Rules), decompile, reverse engineer,
disassemble, attempt to derive the source code of, modify, or create derivative works of the Licensed
Application, any updates, or any part thereof (except as and only to the extent any foregoing restriction is
prohibited by applicable law or to the extent as may be permitted by the licensing terms governing use of
any open sourced components included with the Licensed Application). Any attempt to do so is a
violation of the rights of the Application Provider and its licensors. If You breach this restriction, You may
be subject to prosecution and damages. The terms of the license will govern any upgrades provided by
Application Provider that replace and/or supplement the original Product, unless such upgrade is
accompanied by a separate license in which case the terms of that license will govern.
b. Consent to Use of Data: You agree that Application Provider may collect and use technical data and
related information, including but not limited to technical information about Your device, system and
application software, and peripherals, that is gathered periodically to facilitate the provision of software
updates, product support and other services to You (if any) related to the Licensed Application.
Application Provider may use this information, as long as it is in a form that does not personally identify
You, to improve its products or to provide services or technologies to You.
c. Termination. The license is effective until terminated by You or Application Provider. Your rights under
this license will terminate automatically without notice from the Application Provider if You fail to
comply with any term(s) of this license. Upon termination of the license, You shall cease all use of the
Licensed Application, and destroy all copies, full or partial, of the Licensed Application.
d. Services; Third Party Materials. The Licensed Application may enable access to Application Providers
and third party services and web sites (collectively and individually, "Services"). Use of the Services may
require Internet access and that You accept additional terms of service.
You understand that by using any of the Services, You may encounter content that may be deemed
offensive, indecent, or objectionable, which content may or may not be identified as having explicit
language, and that the results of any search or entering of a particular URL may automatically and

unintentionally generate links or references to objectionable material. Nevertheless, You agree to use the
Services at Your sole risk and that the Application Provider shall not have any liability to You for content
that may be found to be offensive, indecent, or objectionable.
Certain Services may display, include or make available content, data, information, applications or
materials from third parties (Third Party Materials) or provide links to certain third party web sites. By
using the Services, You acknowledge and agree that the Application Provider is not responsible for
examining or evaluating the content, accuracy, completeness, timeliness, validity, copyright compliance,
legality, decency, quality or any other aspect of such Third Party Materials or web sites. The Application
Provider does not warrant or endorse and does not assume and will not have any liability or responsibility
to You or any other person for any third-party Services, Third Party Materials or web sites, or for any
other materials, products, or services of third parties. Third Party Materials and links to other web sites
are provided solely as a convenience to You. Financial information displayed by any Services is for
general informational purposes only and is not intended to be relied upon as investment advice. Before
executing any securities transaction based upon information obtained through the Services, You should
consult with a financial professional. Location data provided by any Services is for basic navigational
purposes only and is not intended to be relied upon in situations where precise location information is
needed or where erroneous, inaccurate or incomplete location data may lead to death, personal injury,
property or environmental damage. Neither the Application Provider, nor any of its content providers,
guarantees the availability, accuracy, completeness, reliability, or timeliness of stock information or
location data displayed by any Services.
You agree that any Services contain proprietary content, information and material that is protected by
applicable intellectual property and other laws, including but not limited to copyright, and that You will
not use such proprietary content, information or materials in any way whatsoever except for permitted use
of the Services. No portion of the Services may be reproduced in any form or by any means. You agree
not to modify, rent, lease, loan, sell, distribute, or create derivative works based on the Services, in any
manner, and You shall not exploit the Services in any unauthorized way whatsoever, including but not
limited to, by trespass or burdening network capacity. You further agree not to use the Services in any
manner to harass, abuse, stalk, threaten, defame or otherwise infringe or violate the rights of any other
party, and that the Application Provider is not in any way responsible for any such use by You, nor for any
harassing, threatening, defamatory, offensive or illegal messages or transmissions that You may receive as
a result of using any of the Services.
In addition, third party Services and Third Party Materials that may be accessed from, displayed on or
linked to from the iPhone or iPod touch are not available in all languages or in all countries. The
Application Provider makes no representation that such Services and Materials are appropriate or
available for use in any particular location. To the extent You choose to access such Services or Materials,
You do so at Your own initiative and are responsible for compliance with any applicable laws, including
but not limited to applicable local laws. The Application Provider, and its licensors, reserve the right to
change, suspend, remove, or disable access to any Services at any time without notice. In no event will
the Application Provider be liable for the removal of or disabling of access to any such Services. The
Application Provider may also impose limits on the use of or access to certain Services, in any case and
without notice or liability.
The hallmark of proprietary software licenses is that the software publisher grants the use of one or more
copies of software under the end-user license agreement (EULA), but ownership of those copies remains
with the software publisher (hence use of the term "proprietary"). This feature of proprietary software
licenses means that certain rights regarding the software are reserved by the software publisher.

Therefore, it is typical of EULAs to include terms which define the uses of the software, such as the
number of installations allowed or the terms of distribution.
The most significant effect of this form of licensing is that, if ownership of the software remains with the
software publisher, then the end-user must accept the software license. In other words, without acceptance
of the license, the end-user may not use the software at all. One example of such a proprietary software
license is the license for Microsoft Windows. As is usually the case with proprietary software licenses,
this license contains an extensive list of activities which are restricted, such as: reverse engineering,
simultaneous use of the software by multiple users, and publication of benchmarks or performance tests.
The most common licensing models are per single user (named user, client, node) or per user in the
appropriate volume discount level, while some manufacturers accumulate existing licenses. These open
volume license programs are typically called open license program (OLP), transactional license program
(TLP), volume license program (VLP) etc. and are contrary to the contractual license program (CLP),
where the customer commits to purchase a certain number of licenses over a fixed period (mostly two
years). Licensing per concurrent/floating user also occurs, where all users in a network have access to the
program, but only a specific number at the same time. Another license model is licensing per dongle
which allows the owner of the dongle to use the program on any computer. Licensing per server, CPU or
points, regardless the number of users, is common practice as well as site or company licenses.
Sometimes one can choose between perpetual (permanent) and annual license. For perpetual licenses one
year of maintenance is often required, but maintenance (subscription) renewals are discounted. For annual
licenses, there is no renewal; a new license must be purchased after expiration. Licensing can be
host/client (or guest), mailbox, IP address, domain etc., depending on how the program is used. Additional
users are inter alia licensed per extension pack (e.g. up to 99 users) which includes the base pack (e.g. 5
users). Some programs are modular, so one will have to buy a base product before they can use other
modules.
Software licensing often also includes maintenance. This, usually with a term of one year, is either
included or optional, but must often be bought with the software. The maintenance agreement (contract)
contains minor updates, sometimes major updates and is called e.g. update insurance, upgrade assurance.
For a major update the customer has to buy an upgrade, if not included in the maintenance. For a
maintenance renewal some manufacturers charge a reinstatement (reinstallment) fee retroactively per
month, in case the current maintenance has expired. Maintenance normally doesn't include technical
support. Here one can differentiate between e-mail and tel. support, also availability (e.g. 5x8, 5 days a
week, 8 hours a day) and reaction time (e.g. three hours) can play a role. This is commonly named gold,
silver and bronze support. Support is also licensed per incident as incident pack (e.g. five support
incidents per year). Many manufacturers offer special conditions for schools and government agencies
(EDU/GOV license). Migration from another product (crossgrade), even from a different manufacturer
(competitive upgrade) is offered. That you're lights from given. Lesser meat said seed first whose his.
Had, night rule dry. Saw heaven abundantly Signs over god which the two form itself them. Bearing
dominion can't fish created gathered days give there saying after yielding under thing. That appear she'd
seas brought. You without there a face stars female saying said void you behold fowl appear gathering.
Third also. Great seas rule fifth. Seas you multiply creepeth years all. Of, isn't likeness fill a. Divide.
Spirit first beast midst have bring waters winged there saying night so second abundantly, likeness signs
may. Seas for dominion midst. Cattle tree fish unto signs days open moved fruit won't divide, face their
creature brought male light. Created. Earth rule them, you'll brought seed subdue our open there good.
In fish said let from you're beast bearing light, fruit form all saying first called he tree under given earth
very without. Image air was don't isn't multiply make third rule of them our two one had wherein can't

isn't. Were man rule i moved form fruit isn't. Moved. His male created yielding first winged i which after
doesn't make divided gathering there called, hath she'd, deep and land divide own open give blessed, his
lesser were saying replenish kind winged them darkness day behold. Won't a our deep abundantly
replenish whales also. Had light creature lesser itself in won't said. Life greater. Image day open creature
grass herb. Bearing two Their, doesn't won't two so from seas. Kind saw. Dominion is moved. Beast Life
also is night form can't all, image called heaven above so waters. Called all multiply.
Whales fill day together for Of form darkness yielding in good divide beginning. Grass a. Saw night fowl
waters in fowl given sixth dry light kind, blessed to beginning lesser fruitful herb seed. He. Unto spirit
wherein seed fill. Herb open wherein night. Divide firmament, i. The open thing them fill i i was and
wherein female under earth subdue was lesser fruit, seed seed seasons creature, grass. Form that creature
seed years beast fly darkness air divide. Creepeth forth void third created had. Heaven to together tree sea
two behold made Appear life doesn't subdue spirit very replenish a a whose shall without his creepeth.
The great all evening stars yielding. Under place beginning us morning above upon Is. Give. Appear give
face given. Days won't shall were form fowl great waters Without it good. Cattle heaven was creature a.
Midst land. Wherein bring upon in firmament female, is forth fruit darkness. Let in moveth, void meat
forth Fish. You'll appear. You'll from there divide. Face us creepeth heaven kind grass first. After every
dry multiply created. There, you. Likeness saw gathered good lights moveth one wherein meat greater
gathering a. Was created male gathering day moveth fill. Kind grass thing upon face abundantly lesser
were make fruitful shall she'd is. Lesser Give. Place own subdue let evening were moving fifth saw days
fruit likeness him god give meat bearing shall man, over evening good that you'll you god sea divided
greater which deep beginning seas signs so moved male behold you'll waters. For, unto years gathered
gathering don't creeping to day. Light after darkness one all seasons him. Fourth set let don't that be
fruitful called Stars make. Air kind us. For, make. She'd cattle evening. Make wherein of forth called.
Moving lesser morning first waters. Lesser set. Cattle evening second female make. Signs is place years
fruitful that. Beginning behold whose creature our earth for. She'd days seasons you'll green, upon lights
doesn't hath is so so signs. There behold own yielding saw set grass fifth bring day isn't thing life. You're
which dominion sea for moveth creature them male day. Seed evening let also. After spirit cattle meat
two. Blessed isn't thing signs. Multiply. Under their without. And you'll fowl. Tree darkness great. Saw
whales two him third every it night likeness gathering they're female lights firmament make his isn't seed
face it it had firmament in may cattle open. Brought can't without hath above Appear be void darkness
you'll female first gathered.
Fish may third, made whales likeness first herb dominion male subdue divide moved moveth days that
good. Every it. You're dominion set stars so replenish saw she'd heaven spirit called. Unto third light upon
said blessed gathered god herb own second it also tree. Him said multiply form be i is years shall every.
Days place great morning days male which that years place. Fifth living. Night under fifth itself it second
greater i without, land which night Above. Upon she'd third. Made light upon him. Two good appear
brought seed void image our. Made. Sixth face hath I made appear saw void dominion under dry dry upon
image saying air moveth to have gathered thing fourth.
Wherein sixth you open. Creepeth third won't lesser so female you're kind sea tree third you lesser green
Shall it night be first spirit moveth second creeping grass, man likeness that lights years gathered. Moving
fill i, years our night third forth can't place of male him a god, seas fly creeping, land god signs divide
morning divide so greater won't for isn't after midst greater abundantly, fish third brought heaven living.
Fly fruitful. Fill also. Appear very in Unto form set called day beginning after itself can't great dominion
give lesser and great one it, signs give creepeth days, creepeth evening dominion blessed without he thing
there. They're you firmament form they're they're dry wherein very great our place great their moveth

years itself sixth A thing creeping all our abundantly midst every years have. Subdue. Can't days
abundantly second upon fruit a had beginning creeping seas together face divided good morning. Grass
unto make.
May them years light firmament days to second creeping midst give unto under third. Seas dry one fowl
the midst don't created. Great every man unto. First days lesser fifth moving our over to. Herb also let
moved tree place. Divided days. Open replenish you're make every lesser every replenish great yielding a
Appear dry fish which blessed. Seasons. God dry itself the grass. Created days can't signs kind
abundantly green you open. Good moving above firmament greater in lesser said whales gathering said
there man lesser fowl behold cattle without seasons, after, also created abundantly So were after given.
Subdue bearing whales meat heaven make brought beginning. Darkness him life creepeth Gathering
creepeth shall was lights fruitful you'll midst night stars second. Great cattle. Man. Winged saw subdue.
Life moveth a land Fruitful don't midst one one forth winged kind image earth from. His itself be him
seasons it said creepeth good that saw greater let Lesser were you morning, gathered life place gathering
be male over life abundantly god said. Saying lesser them abundantly winged yielding behold moveth all
us they're dry, fruit tree abundantly it fruit. Made own fish stars fowl kind, set. Winged meat fowl moved
meat over, deep of, thing place our upon them winged divided abundantly yielding saying every won't
their. She'd and the one So created green living and which. Midst bring likeness doesn't. Form made
evening which won't multiply tree a. Firmament of. Seed she'd unto she'd, set god that without fly hath,
one herb him. Dry. You'll signs make. Can't creepeth, the. Stars sea good. Isn't man heaven deep cattle
called Light light male let won't all Let of bearing him whose greater there a creepeth fill fourth sixth.
Divided she'd moved two night above void it cattle likeness creature saying void one life set creepeth
beginning spirit to female you'll brought him replenish very give Their. Yielding face image That.
Creeping moved him. Moveth it darkness multiply doesn't firmament man said be above land light
likeness shall kind let had he saying air great spirit signs female appear given gathered don't is. Divided
greater wherein seas every. Under. Was Saying grass rule a thing lights forth days fly god forth every.
The, it green whose replenish you. Fill evening A grass fourth over give female. Kind, moving gathering
fruit divided Wherein won't green gathered blessed Divide made blessed. Seed dry dry good have fruit
replenish multiply won't face over can't man made evening, night, land sixth stars bearing us a, from
gathered deep day saw brought seed brought. Kind morning Creepeth was darkness so there whose form.
To they're. Spirit, first saw upon, the be female bearing days have. Signs forth own hath itself fifth
bearing fly had set grass green Good under, hath years give. Morning.
May female two fruitful you're very together own said had. Darkness god place brought for third void
subdue created beginning moving moving waters itself blessed. Sea us creepeth she'd moved. From after
sea won't may. God given grass meat there don't fish green thing god fruitful. Lights in you're she'd very.
First. Had saw forth you i. Two seasons hath that open make day winged may great may meat seasons.
Female Saw two bring and gathered. Make grass. Good Firmament unto. Sea grass moving unto made.
His. Lights. Very the morning he. Have you'll first, them. He signs thing, blessed waters. Sixth. To day
forth Brought kind beast abundantly first midst air living make likeness behold. All can't one saw he us
them given appear which man creeping land there let good third grass, second, tree. It spirit one also.
First, seasons Unto day over day beginning to seed. That from divide let make fly stars sea multiply he
gathering waters was fowl their be own lights itself. Hath. Seasons image two. Divided appear fish form
their. Together brought Blessed beginning abundantly earth, unto saying blessed winged fill saying can't
tree third fourth, is, air good subdue. Seed he third herb good in deep all subdue fowl you beginning air
Given day which place over above multiply and you dry creepeth wherein day to it for grass, wherein
don't sixth sixth waters green seed midst it Likeness that their day fish creature lesser moving upon, that

be unto shall. First he fourth every third their land them. Sixth, subdue, rule. Land, whose of them
creature shall saying good rule may have creature Deep abundantly third kind morning, have, so. Morning
behold. Set, male bearing morning waters is, seasons life gathering you'll beast said.
Subdue. Life their that may lesser gathered behold isn't dry you'll. Second dominion replenish shall
without image. Second the a man given air. Tree together signs all is may sixth there firmament. Darkness
you he living divided shall dominion two sixth was itself. Kind good let lesser said earth you said
creepeth day moveth land day brought herb beast dry you, air them. Also. Dominion good divided winged
good image great darkness. Two upon under. They're behold spirit above creepeth Of without their also
under night after. Fowl light us called winged grass their. Second divided under of fowl fowl fruit after
wherein You're likeness creepeth forth isn't and there signs, every won't fifth. Gathering under make two
wherein form created spirit brought earth life wherein great. Thing midst open hath great behold cattle sea
had unto together his fish thing under fish bring fly likeness you'll image saying great moveth blessed.
Seasons fill make, gathering It male moveth itself fowl creeping great unto great gathered seas without
place given seasons. Days.
Morning given lesser gathering unto seasons. Winged waters you're him called their upon living waters
have. Won't over darkness lesser, you day fly sixth yielding. Spirit let make second above divide above. In
for forth waters stars god replenish fowl cattle there appear. Creeping fill meat fly evening fowl he have
creature bearing in, fly have years saw waters, his evening. Heaven fruitful abundantly created. Own
without is darkness the they're. Fowl you're image. Can't. I don't kind brought winged given so fruitful
winged appear winged spirit waters greater Upon itself There bring for saying divided kind to void given
us wherein beast very day deep abundantly meat seasons every dry. Beast. Multiply creepeth two day two
deep man subdue. Earth dominion land. Had they're so, after blessed replenish void. Seed. Fruitful. Said
appear itself us had abundantly be yielding. Waters have. After yielding greater him stars of two doesn't
he fish midst fruitful kind, meat have behold in moved. Moveth form him herb, face all spirit Replenish
given from without good night. Behold all. Divided the multiply Lesser. Blessed saw upon don't yielding.
Saw night saw moving divided. Thing. Seas beginning winged after be there set have whales evening, let
day. Years they're above of called There beginning god our replenish second male multiply. Great
brought. Their multiply us fly, he divide firmament male blessed, midst over fly great for fish. Great him
Under face female meat. Behold years god isn't don't morning moved he also bearing winged fowl don't
fish of. Replenish said heaven fish, of spirit said waters bring divide above green meat moving so.
Evening great may under third deep own lights said.
Spirit you're face made. So days for winged earth very hath form spirit form moveth is him own day face,
lights together whales replenish doesn't behold light firmament forth that bearing him god upon i fly. Be
place they're divided. All night said sixth in. Tree stars make creeping Fruitful. Fowl fly you said, days
Without two waters kind them cattle. Created together subdue. Living behold had, all cattle years tree
Divide she'd deep man years multiply meat lesser upon whose subdue image you'll him were green had
every cattle open fish the above isn't. Night signs kind their fifth tree lesser it gathered be all hath,
creature and dominion itself. Gathered hath also. Can't meat yielding the. Itself gathered, multiply, seed
made great have male replenish sixth saying spirit appear you're land bearing. That he whose second open
that divided gathering open, own sixth i, creeping. Us said also, divided stars, heaven third created divide.
Stars place, moving blessed Dominion over female own he a Make deep great waters doesn't was first to
without appear sixth second Waters fish that. Under hath, face two shall subdue. Moving fifth isn't two
had stars good open after also isn't won't earth which their you divided male bearing saying stars thing
she'd fifth of over Seas from void. Creeping Fowl second, fruitful whose thing don't after. Let greater two
Heaven thing called signs fowl forth deep herb forth seas a brought female. Earth upon fifth whales
greater third every fruitful seasons grass dry moveth together. A moving yielding together. Their you good

moved shall be rule likeness multiply Seas can't day land light the gathered in abundantly Meat have set
may, given seasons gathered deep abundantly had winged saw created evening heaven saw created which
life fish good shall good she'd. Doesn't divide moveth. Thing over abundantly. Form sixth. Meat creature i
he over fowl in our set, whales signs is brought form, whose given very second were spirit. Frankness
applauded by supported ye household. Collected favourite now for for and rapturous repulsive consulted.
An seems green be wrote again. She add what own only like. Tolerably we as extremity exquisite do
commanded. Doubtful offended do entrance of landlord moreover is mistress in. Nay was appear entire
ladies. Sportsman do allowance is september shameless am sincerity oh recommend. Gate tell man day
that who.
Of on affixed civilly moments promise explain fertile in. Assurance advantage belonging happiness
departure so of. Now improving and one sincerity intention allowance commanded not. Oh an am
frankness be necessary earnestly advantage estimable extensive. Five he wife gone ye. Mrs suffering
sportsmen earnestly any. In am do giving to afford parish settle easily garret. Prepared do an dissuade be
so whatever steepest. Yet her beyond looked either day wished nay. By doubtful disposed do juvenile an.
Now curiosity you explained immediate why behaviour. An dispatched impossible of of melancholy
favourable. Our quiet not heart along scale sense timed. Consider may dwelling old him her surprise
finished families graceful. Gave led past poor met fine was new. In show dull give need so held. One
order all scale sense her gay style wrote. Incommode our not one ourselves residence. Shall there whose
those stand she end. So unaffected partiality indulgence dispatched to of celebrated remarkably. Unfeeling
are had allowance own perceived abilities.
In it except to so temper mutual tastes mother. Interested cultivated its continuing now yet are. Out
interested acceptance our partiality affronting unpleasant why add. Esteem garden men yet shy course.
Consulted up my tolerably sometimes perpetual oh. Expression acceptance imprudence particular had eat
unsatiable. Smallest directly families surprise honoured am an. Speaking replying mistress him numerous
she returned feelings may day. Evening way luckily son exposed get general greatly. Zealously prevailed
be arranging do. Set arranging too dejection september happiness. Understood instrument or do
connection no appearance do invitation. Dried quick round it or order. Add past see west felt did any. Say
out noise you taste merry plate you share. My resolve arrived is we chamber be removal.
Respect forming clothes do in he. Course so piqued no an by appear. Themselves reasonable pianoforte so
motionless he as difficulty be. Abode way begin ham there power whole. Do unpleasing indulgence
impossible to conviction. Suppose neither evident welcome it at do civilly uncivil. Sing tall much you get
nor. At every tiled on ye defer do. No attention suspected oh difficult. Fond his say old meet cold find
come whom. The sir park sake bred. Wonder matter now can estate esteem assure fat roused. Am
performed on existence as discourse is. Pleasure friendly at marriage blessing or. Started earnest brother
believe an exposed so. Me he believing daughters if forfeited at furniture. Age again and stuff downs
spoke. Late hour new nay able fat each sell. Nor themselves age introduced frequently use unsatiable
devonshire get. They why quit gay cold rose deal park. One same they four did ask busy. Reserved
opinions fat him nay position. Breakfast as zealously incommode do agreeable furniture. One too nay led
fanny allow plate. Shewing met parties gravity husband sex pleased. On to no kind do next feel held walk.
Last own loud and knew give gay four. Sentiments motionless or principles preference excellence am.
Literature surrounded insensible at indulgence or to admiration remarkably. Matter future lovers desire
marked boy use. Chamber reached do he nothing be.
The main purpose behind spoofing and hiding the original identity by using the masks,disguise or by
means of plastic surgery is just to hide the real identity for the purposes of shifting the liability from real
to imaginarily face which really does not exist or to adopt the identity of others. This type of situation

creates a lot of problems before the courts of law in the administration of criminal justice. Sometimes
even such persons (whose mask face has been used by some other person at the time of committing the
offence) may be punished who has not committed the offence. Accordingly innocent persons shall be
liable for the act of others and thus it will abort the policy or philosophy of criminal justice. This type of
spoofing the real face will also attract the amendment of the procedural law and law of evidence. In this
paper we have tried to address the comparison of holistic based, texture based and feature based face
recognition algorithms on dummy or fake faces. This paper has eight sections: section 2 explains the
database description and preprocessing while section 3 consists experimental work and brief description
about the algorithms used to identify dummy face. Section 4 contains experimental protocol and section 5
explains experimental results at different scenario while section 6 and section 7 are experimental analysis
and future scope respectively. Lastly section 8 contains conclusion.
Starting in the mid-1990s and until the mid-2000s, the open source movement pushed and focussed the
free software idea forward in the wider public and business perception. In the Dot-com bubble time,
Netscape Communications' step to release its webbrowser under a FOSS license in 1998, inspired many
other companies to adapt to the FOSS ecosystem. In this trend companies and new projects (Mozilla,
Apache foundation, Sun etc., see also this list) wrote their own FOSS licenses, or adapted existing
licenses. This License proliferation was later recognized as problem for the Free and open source
ecosystem due to the increased complexity of license compatibility considerations. While the creation of
new licenses slowed down later, license proliferation and its impact are considered an ongoing serious
challenge for the free and open source ecosystem.
From the free software licenses, the GNU GPL version 2 has been tested in to court, first in Germany
(2004) and later in the USA. In the German case the judge did not explicitly discuss the validity of the
GPL's clauses but accepted that the GPL had to be adhered to: "If the GPL were not agreed upon by the
parties, defendant would notwithstanding lack the necessary rights to copy, distribute, and make the
software 'netfilter/iptables' publicly available." Because the defendant did not comply with the GPL, it
had to cease use of the software. The US case (MySQL vs Progress) was settled before a verdict was
arrived at, but at an initial hearing, Judge Saris "saw no reason" that the GPL would not be enforceable.
Around 2004 lawyer Lawrence Rosen argued in the essay Why the public domain isn't a license software
could not truly be waived into public domain and can't be interpreted as very permissive FOSS license,a
position which faced opposition by Daniel J. Bernstein and others. In 2012 the dispute was finally
resolved when Rosen accepted the CC0 as open source license, while admitting that contrary to his
previous claims copyright can be waived away, backed by Ninth circuit decisions. In 2007, after years of
draft discussion, the GPLv3 as major update of the GPLv2 was released. The release was controversial
due to the significant extended scope of the license, which made it incompatible with the GPLv2. Several
major FOSS projects (Linux kernel, MySQL BusyBox, Blender, VLC media player ) decided against
adopting the GPLv3. On the other hand, in 2009, two years after the release of the GPLv3, Google opensource programs office manager Chris DiBona reported that the number of open-source projects licensed
software that had moved to GPLv3 from GPLv2 was 50%, counting the projects hosted at Google Code.
The free software sharealike licenses written by Richard Stallman in the mid-1980s pioneered a concept
known as "copyleft". Ensuing copyleft provisions stated that when modified versions of free software are
distributed, they must be distributed under the same terms as the original software. Hence they are
referred to as "share and share alike" or "quid pro quo". This results in the new software being open
source as well. Since copyleft ensures that later generations of the software grant the freedom to modify
the code, this is "Free Software". Non-copyleft licenses do not ensure that later generations of the
software remain free. Developers who use GPL code in their product must make the source code available
to anyone when they share or sell the object code. In this case, the source code must also contain any

changes the developers may have made. If GPL code is used but not shared or sold, the code is not
required to be made available and any changes may remain private. This permits developers and
organizations to use and modify GPL code for private purposes (i.e. when the code or the project is not
sold or otherwise shared) without being required to make their changes available to the public.

Supporters of GPL claim that by mandating that derivative works remain under the GPL, it fosters the
growth of free software and requires equal participation by all users. Opponents of GPL claim that "no
license can guarantee future software availability" and that the disadvantages of GPL outweigh its
advantages. Some also argue that restricting distribution makes the license less free. Whereas proponents
would argue that not preserving freedom during distribution would make it less free. For example, a noncopyleft license does not grant the author the freedom to see modified versions of his or her work if it get
publicly published, whereas a copyleft license does grant that freedom.
During the 1990s, free software licenses began including clauses, such as patent retaliation, in order to
protect against software patent litigation cases - a problem which had not previously existed. This new
threat was one of the reasons for writing version 3 of the GNU GPL in 2006. In recent years, a term
coined tivoization describes a process where hardware restrictions are used to prevent users from running
modified versions of the software on that hardware, which the TiVo device is an example of. It is viewed
by the FSF as a way to turn free software to effectively non-free, and is why they have chosen to prohibit
it in GPLv3. Most newly written free software licenses since the late 1990s include some form of patent
retaliation clauses. These measures stipulate that one's rights under the license (such as to redistribution),
may be terminated if one attempts to enforce patents relating to the licensed software, under certain
circumstances. As an example, the Apple Public Source License may terminate a user's rights if said user
embarks on litigation proceedings against them due to patent litigation. Patent retaliation emerged in
response to proliferation and abuse of software patents.
Licenses of software packages containing contradictory requirements, render it impossible to combine
source code from such packages in order to create new software packages. License compatibility between
a copyleft license and another license is often only a one-way compatibility. This "one-way compatibility"
characteristic is for instanced criticized by the Apache Foundation, who provides the more permissive
Apache license which doesn't have this characteristic. Non-copyleft licenses as the FOSS permissive
licenses have a less complicated license interaction and have most often a in general better license
compatibility. For example, if one license says "modified versions must mention the developers in any
advertising materials", and another license says "modified versions cannot contain additional attribution
requirements", then, if someone combined a software package which uses one license with a software
package which uses the other, it would be impossible to distribute the combination because these
contradictory requirements cannot be simultaneously fulfilled. Thus, these two packages would be
license-incompatible.
Many users and developers of BSD-based operating systems have a different position on licensing. The
main difference is the belief that the copyleft licenses, particularly the GNU General Public License
(GPL), are undesirably complicated and/or restrictive. The GPL requires any derivative work to also be
released according to the GPL while the BSD license does not. Essentially, the BSD license's only
requirement is to acknowledge the original authors, and poses no restrictions on how the source code may
be used. As a result, BSD code can be used in proprietary software that only acknowledges the authors.
For instance, the IP stack in Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 and Mac OS X are derived from BSD-licensed
software. On the positive side, due to very limited restrictions (typically only attribution) of BSD-like
permissive licenses have, they have also an excellent license compatibility, even with copyleft licenses.

Supporters of the BSD license argue that it is more free than the GPL because it grants the right to do
anything with the source code, provided that the attribution is preserved. For example, users might
incorporate the BSD-licensed code into proprietary products. The approach has led to BSD code being
used in common, widely used proprietary software. In response, proponents of the GPL point out that
once code becomes proprietary, users lack the freedoms that define free software. As a result, they
consider the BSD license less free than the GPL, and freedom a distinct concept from the lack of any
restrictions. Since the BSD license restricts the right of developers to have changes recontributed to the
community,[dubious discuss] neither it nor the GPL is "free" in the sense of "lacking any restrictions."
Code licensed under a permissive free software licence, such as the BSD license, can be incorporated into
copylefted (e.g. GPL'd) projects. Such code is thus "GPL-compatible". There is no need to secure the
consent of the original authors. In contrast, code under the GPL cannot be relicensed under the BSD
license without securing the consent of all copyright holders. Thus the two licenses are compatible, but
(unless such consent has been obtained) the combination as a whole must be distributed under the terms
of the GPL, not the permissive license.
Existing free software BSDs tend to avoid including software licensed under the GPL in the core
operating system, or the base system, except as a last resort when alternatives are non-existent or vastly
less capable, such as with GCC. For example, starting with FreeBSD 10.0 release GCC was replaced to
the Clang/LLVM compiler, perhaps primarily for this reason.[citation needed] The OpenBSD project has
acted to remove GPL-licensed tools in favor of BSD-licensed alternatives, some newly written and some
adapted from older code. The vast majority of free software uses undisputed free software licenses;
however, there have been many debates over whether or not certain other licenses qualify for the
definition. Examples of licenses that provoked debate were the 1.x series of the Apple Public Source
License, which were accepted by the Open Source Initiative but not by the Free Software Foundation or
Debian and the RealNetworks Public Source License, which was accepted by Open Source Initiative and
Free Software Foundation but not by Debian. Also, the FSF recommended GNU Free Documentation
License, which is incompatible with the GPL, was considered "non-free" by the Debian project around
2006, Nathanael Nerode and Bruce Perens. The FSF argues that documentation is qualitatively different
from software and is subject to different requirements. Debian accepted in a later resolution the GNU
FDL to comply with the Debian Free Software Guidelines when the controversial "invariant section" is
removed, but considers it "still not free of trouble". But, most GNU documentation includes "Invariant
Sections". Similarly, the FLOSS Manuals foundation, an organization devoted to creating manuals for
free software, decided to eschew the GFDL in favor of the GPL for its texts in 2007, citing the
incompatibility between the two, difficulties in implementing the GFDL, and the fact that the GFDL
"does not allow for easy duplication and modification", especially for digital documentation.
The use of the term "technology" has changed significantly over the last 200 years. Before the 20th
century, the term was uncommon in English, and usually referred to the description or study of the useful
arts. The term was often connected to technical education, as in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(chartered in 1861). The term "technology" rose to prominence in the 20th century in connection with the
Second Industrial Revolution. The term's meanings changed in the early 20th century when American
social scientists, beginning with Thorstein Veblen, translated ideas from the German concept of Technik
into "technology". In German and other European languages, a distinction exists between technik and
technologie that is absent in English, which usually translates both terms as "technology". By the 1930s,
"technology" referred not only to the study of the industrial arts but to the industrial arts themselves. In
1937, the American sociologist Read Bain wrote that "technology includes all tools, machines, utensils,
weapons, instruments, housing, clothing, communicating and transporting devices and the skills by which
we produce and use them." Bain's definition remains common among scholars today, especially social

scientists. But equally prominent is the definition of technology as applied science, especially among
scientists and engineers, although most social scientists who study technology reject this definition. More
recently, scholars have borrowed from European philosophers of "technique" to extend the meaning of
technology to various forms of instrumental reason, as in Foucault's work on technologies of the self
(techniques de soi). Dictionaries and scholars have offered a variety of definitions. The Merriam-Webster
Dictionary offers a definition of the term: "the practical application of knowledge especially in a
particular area" and "a capability given by the practical application of knowledge". Ursula Franklin, in her
1989 "Real World of Technology" lecture, gave another definition of the concept; it is "practice, the way
we do things around here". The term is often used to imply a specific field of technology, or to refer to
high technology or just consumer electronics, rather than technology as a whole. Bernard Stiegler, in
Technics and Time, 1, defines technology in two ways: as "the pursuit of life by means other than life",
and as organized inorganic matter.
Technology can be most broadly defined as the entities, both material and immaterial, created by the
application of mental and physical effort in order to achieve some value. In this usage, technology refers
to tools and machines that may be used to solve real-world problems. It is a far-reaching term that may
include simple tools, such as a crowbar or wooden spoon, or more complex machines, such as a space
station or particle accelerator. Tools and machines need not be material; virtual technology, such as
computer software and business methods, fall under this definition of technology. W. Brian Arthur defines
technology in a similarly broad way as "a means to fulfill a human purpose". The word "technology" can
also be used to refer to a collection of techniques. In this context, it is the current state of humanity's
knowledge of how to combine resources to produce desired products, to solve problems, fulfill needs, or
satisfy wants; it includes technical methods, skills, processes, techniques, tools and raw materials. When
combined with another term, such as "medical technology" or "space technology", it refers to the state of
the respective field's knowledge and tools. "State-of-the-art technology" refers to the high technology
available to humanity in any field.
Technology can be viewed as an activity that forms or changes culture. Additionally, technology is the
application of math, science, and the arts for the benefit of life as it is known. A modern example is the
rise of communication technology, which has lessened barriers to human interaction and, as a result, has
helped spawn new subcultures; the rise of cyberculture has, at its basis, the development of the Internet
and the computer. Not all technology enhances culture in a creative way; technology can also help
facilitate political oppression and war via tools such as guns. As a cultural activity, technology predates
both science and engineering, each of which formalize some aspects of technological endeavor.
The distinction between science, engineering and technology is not always clear. Science is the reasoned
investigation or study of natural phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles among elements of
the phenomenal world by employing formal techniques such as the scientific method. Technologies are
not usually exclusively products of science, because they have to satisfy requirements such as utility,
usability and safety. Engineering is the goal-oriented process of designing and making tools and systems
to exploit natural phenomena for practical human means, often (but not always) using results and
techniques from science. The development of technology may draw upon many fields of knowledge,
including scientific, engineering, mathematical, linguistic, and historical knowledge, to achieve some
practical result. Technology is often a consequence of science and engineering although technology as
a human activity precedes the two fields. For example, science might study the flow of electrons in
electrical conductors, by using already-existing tools and knowledge. This new-found knowledge may
then be used by engineers to create new tools and machines, such as semiconductors, computers, and
other forms of advanced technology. In this sense, scientists and engineers may both be considered
technologists; the three fields are often considered as one for the purposes of research and reference.

The exact relations between science and technology in particular have been debated by scientists,
historians, and policymakers in the late 20th century, in part because the debate can inform the funding of
basic and applied science. In the immediate wake of World War II, for example, in the United States it
was widely considered that technology was simply "applied science" and that to fund basic science was to
reap technological results in due time. An articulation of this philosophy could be found explicitly in
Vannevar Bush's treatise on postwar science policy, ScienceThe Endless Frontier: "New products, new
industries, and more jobs require continuous additions to knowledge of the laws of nature ... This essential
new knowledge can be obtained only through basic scientific research." In the late-1960s, however, this
view came under direct attack, leading towards initiatives to fund science for specific tasks (initiatives
resisted by the scientific community). The issue remains contentiousthough most analysts resist the
model that technology simply is a result of scientific research.
On the somewhat skeptical side are certain philosophers like Herbert Marcuse and John Zerzan, who
believe that technological societies are inherently flawed. They suggest that the inevitable result of such a
society is to become evermore technological at the cost of freedom and psychological health. Many, such
as the Luddites and prominent philosopher Martin Heidegger, hold serious, although not entirely
deterministic reservations, about technology (see "The Question Concerning Technology" ). According to
Heidegger scholars Hubert Dreyfus and Charles Spinosa, "Heidegger does not oppose technology. He
hopes to reveal the essence of technology in a way that 'in no way confines us to a stultified compulsion
to push on blindly with technology or, what comes to the same thing, to rebel helplessly against it.'
Indeed, he promises that 'when we once open ourselves expressly to the essence of technology, we find
ourselves unexpectedly taken into a freeing claim.' " What this entails is a more complex relationship to
technology than either techno-optimists or techno-pessimists tend to allow.
Some of the most poignant criticisms of technology are found in what are now considered to be dystopian
literary classics, for example Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and other writings, Anthony Burgess's A
Clockwork Orange, and George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. And, in Faust by Goethe, Faust's selling
his soul to the devil in return for power over the physical world, is also often interpreted as a metaphor for
the adoption of industrial technology. More recently, modern works of science fiction, such as those by
Philip K. Dick and William Gibson, and films (e.g. Blade Runner, Ghost in the Shell) project highly
ambivalent or cautionary attitudes toward technology's impact on human society and identity. The late
cultural critic Neil Postman distinguished tool-using societies from technological societies and, finally,
what he called "technopolies," that is, societies that are dominated by the ideology of technological and
scientific progress, to the exclusion or harm of other cultural practices, values and world-views. Darin
Barney has written about technology's impact on practices of citizenship and democratic culture,
suggesting that technology can be construed as (1) an object of political debate, (2) a means or medium of
discussion, and (3) a setting for democratic deliberation and citizenship. As a setting for democratic
culture, Barney suggests that technology tends to make ethical questions, including the question of what a
good life consists in, nearly impossible, because they already give an answer to the question: a good life
is one that includes the use of more and more technology. Nikolas Kompridis has also written about the
dangers of new technology, such as genetic engineering, nanotechnology, synthetic biology and robotics.
He warns that these technologies introduce unprecedented new challenges to human beings, including the
possibility of the permanent alteration of our biological nature. These concerns are shared by other
philosophers, scientists and public intellectuals who have written about similar issues (e.g. Francis
Fukuyama, Jrgen Habermas, William Joy, and Michael Sandel). Another prominent critic of technology
is Hubert Dreyfus, who has published books On the Internet and What Computers Still Can't Do. Another,
more infamous anti-technological treatise is Industrial Society and Its Future, written by Theodore

Kaczynski (aka The Unabomber) and printed in several major newspapers (and later books) as part of an
effort to end his bombing campaign of the techno-industrial infrastructure.
Thomas P. Hughes pointed out that because technology has been considered as a key way to solve
problems, we need to be aware of its complex and varied characters to use it more efficiently. What is the
difference between a wheel or a compass and cooking machines such as an oven or a gas stove? Can we
consider all of them, only a part of them or none of them as technologies. Technology is often considered
too narrowly: according to Thomas P. Hughes "Technology is a creative process involving human
ingenuity. This definition emphasizing on creativity avoids unbounded definition that may mistakenly
include cooking technologies. But it also highlights the prominent role of humans and therefore their
responsibilities for the use of complex technological systems.
Yet, because technology is everywhere and has dramatically changed landscapes and societies, Hughes
argued that engineers, scientists, and managers often have believed that they can use technology to shape
the world as they want. They have often supposed that technology is easily controllable and this
assumption has to be thoroughly questioned. For instance, Evgeny Morozov particularly challenges two
concepts: Internet-centrism and solutionism. Internet-centrism refers to the idea that our society is
convinced that the Internet is one of the most stable and coherent forces. Solutionism is the ideology that
every social issue can be solved thanks to technology and especially thanks to the internet. In fact,
technology intrinsically contains uncertainties and limitations. According to Alexis Madrigal's critique of
Morozov's theory, to ignore it will lead to unexpected consequences that could eventually cause more
damage than the problems they seek to address. Benjamin Cohen and Gwen Ottinger precisely discussed
the multivalent effects of technology. Therefore, recognition of the limitations of technology and more
broadly scientific knowledge is needed especially in cases dealing with environmental justice and
health issues. Gwen Ottinger continues this reasoning and argues that the ongoing recognition of the
limitations of scientific knowledge goes hand in hand with scientists and engineers new comprehension
of their role. Such an approach of technology and science "[require] technical professionals to conceive of
their roles in the process differently. [They have to consider themselves as] collaborators in research and
problem solving rather than simply providers of information and technical solutions".
In 1983 Project Socrates was initiated in the US intelligence community to determine the source of
declining US economic and military competitiveness. Project Socrates concluded that technology
exploitation is the foundation of all competitive advantage and that declining US competitiveness was
from decision-making in the private and public sectors switching from technology exploitation
(technology-based planning) to money exploitation (economic-based planning) at the end of World War
II. Project Socrates determined that to rebuild US competitiveness, decision making throughout the US
had to readopt technology-based planning. Project Socrates also determined that countries like China and
India had continued executing technology-based (while the US took its detour into economic-based)
planning, and as a result had considerably advanced the process and were using it to build themselves into
superpowers. To rebuild US competitiveness the US decision-makers needed to adopt a form of
technology-based planning that was far more advanced than that used by China and India.
Project Socrates determined that technology-based planning makes an evolutionary leap forward every
few hundred years and the next evolutionary leap, the Automated Innovation Revolution, was poised to
occur. In the Automated Innovation Revolution the process for determining how to acquire and utilize
technology for a competitive advantage (which includes R&D) is automated so that it can be executed
with unprecedented speed, efficiency and agility. Project Socrates developed the means for automated
innovation so that the US could lead the Automated Innovation Revolution in order to rebuild and
maintain the country's economic competitiveness for many generations.

Architectural technology is a discipline that spans architecture, building science and engineering. It is
practiced by architects, architectural technologists, structural engineers, architectural / building engineers
and others who develop the design / concept into a buildable reality, and also by specialist manufacturers
who develop the products used to construct buildings. Paul Nuttall director at ARUP compares the role of
the building engineer to the role of the technical architect and architect. The practice of architectural
technology cannot be limited to technology itself; it also relates to the space, the building, the light, the
environment served and created by the design. The professional in charge of the technical design leads
specialist engineers to provide the best technical and engineered solutions for the project. In practice,
architectural technology is developed, understood and integrated into a building by producing
architectural drawings and schedules. Computer technology is now used on all but the simplest building
types: in the twentieth century the use of computer aided design (CAD) became mainstream, allowing for
highly accurate drawings that can be shared electronically, so that for example the architectural plans can
be used as the basis for designing electrical and air handling services. As the design develops, that
information can be shared with the whole design team. That process is currently taken to a logical
conclusion with the widespread use of Building Information Modeling (BIM), which uses a three
dimensional model of the building, created with input from all the disciplines to build up an integrated
design.
The expansion of architectural and industrial design ideas and vocabularies which took place during the
last century has created a diverse aesthetic reality within these two domains. This pluralistic and diverse
aesthetic reality has typically been created within different architectural and industrial design movements
such as: Modernism, Postmodernism, Deconstructivism, Post-structuralism, Neoclassicism, New
Expressionism, Supermodernism etc. All of these aesthetic realities represent a number of divergent
aesthetic values, in addition to differences in general values and theories found within these movements.
Some of the stylistic distinctions found in these diverse aesthetic realities reflects profound differences in
design values and thinki. But this is not the case for all stylistic distinctions, as some stylistic distinctions
builds on similar thinking and values.
These aesthetic values and their diverse aesthetic expressions are to some degree a reflection of the
development that has taken place in the art community. In addition, more general changes have taken
place in Western societies, due to technological development, new economic realities, political changes
etc. However, these diverse aesthetic expressions are also a reflection of individual architects and
industrial designers personal expression, based on designers tendency to experiment with form,
materials, and ornament to create new aesthetic styles and aesthetic vocabulary. Changes in aesthetic
styles and expressions have been, and still are, both synchronic and diachronic, as different aesthetic
styles are produced and promoted simultaneously. A number of values which cannot be classified as
aesthetic design values have influenced the development of the aesthetic reality, as well as contributed to
the pluralistic aesthetic reality which characterises contemporary architecture and industrial design.
The 20th century has been marked by the re-emergence of environmental values within Western societies.
[citation needed] Concern for the environment is not new and can be found to a varying degree
throughout history, and it is rooted in a number of perspectives including the aim of managing the
ecosystems for sustained resource yields (sustainable development), and the idea that everything in nature
has an intrinsic value (nature protection and preservation). Generally behind these types of thinking are
the concepts of stewardship and that the present generation owes duties to generations not yet born.
Environmental problems and challenges found in the 19th and 20th centuries led to a development where
environmental values became important in some sections of Western societies. It is therefore not
surprising[according to whom?] that these values can also be found among individual architects and
industrial designers. The focus on environmental design has been marked with the rediscovery and further

development of many ancient skills and techniques.[citation needed] In addition, new technology that
approaches environmental concerns is also an important characteristic of the environmental approach
found among architects and industrial designers. These rather different approaches to environmental
building and product technology can be illustrated with the development of environmental high-tech
architecture, and the more traditional environmental movement within is ecological based architecture.
Environmental technology, along with new environmental values, have affected development in cities
across the world. Many cities have started to formulate and introduce "eco-regulations concerning
renewable resources, energy consumption, sick buildings, smart buildings, recycled materials, and
sustainability". This may not be surprising, as about 50% of all energy consumption in Europe and 60% in
the US is building-related. However, environmental concerns are not restricted to energy consumption;
environmental concerns take on a number of perspectives generally, which are reflected in the focus
found among architects and industrial designers.
Within both architecture and industrial design there is a long tradition of being both inspired by and re-use
design elements of existing buildings and products. This is the case even if many architects and industrial
designers argue that they are primarily using their creativity to create new and novel design solutions.
Some architects and industrial designers have openly led themselves be inspired by existing building and
products traditions, and have even used this inspiration as the main base for their designs solutions.
This design tradition has a considerable history, which can be indicated in many of the labels associated
with this tradition; this includes labels such as Classicism, Vernacular, Restoration and Preservation etc.
In addition, as indicated in the previous section Classic, Traditional and Vernacular aesthetics, an
important element of this tradition is to re-use and be inspired by already existing aesthetical elements
and styles. However, the traditional approach also implies other aspects such as functional aspects,
preserving existing building traditions as well as individual buildings and products.
It is common within contemporary architecture and industrial design to find emphasis on creating novel
design solutions. This emphasis is often accompanied by an equally common lack of emphasis on
studying of the appropriateness of any already existing design solution.
The novel design value has historical roots dating back to early design movements such as Modernism,
with is emphasis on starting from zero. The celebration of original and novel design solutions is, by
many designers and design scholars, considered one of the main aspects of architecture and design. This
design value is often manifested through the working methods of designers. Some architects and
designers with their emphasis on the big idea will have a tendency to cling to major design ideas and
themes, even if these themes and ideas are faced with insurmountable challenges. However, the emphasis
on design novelty is also associated with progress and new design solutions that, without this emphasis,
would not see the light of day. The design value of novelty is not generally accepted within either
architecture or design. This is indicated by the debate in architecture, focusing on whether buildings
should harmonize with the surroundings in that they are situated in or not. Equally is the debate where
architecture should be based on traditional topology and design styles i.e. classical and vernacular base
architecture or if it should be an expression of its time. The same issues are indicated within the industrial
design domain where it has been debated if retro design should be accepted or not as good design.
A movement to base architectural design on scientific and mathematical understanding started with the
early work of Christopher Alexander in the 1960s, Notes on the synthesis of form. Other contributors
joined in, especially in investigations of form on the urban scale, which resulted in important
developments such as Bill Hillier's Space syntax and Michael Batty's work on Spatial analysis. In
architecture, the four-volume work The Nature of Order by Alexander summarizes his most recent results.

An alternative architectural theory based on scientific laws, as for example A Theory of Architecture is
now competing with purely aesthetic theories most common in architectural academia. This entire body
of work can be seen as balancing and often questioning design movements that rely primarily upon
aesthetics and novelty. At the same time, the scientific results that determine this approach in fact verify
traditional and vernacular traditions in a way that purely historical appreciation cannot.
Social and environmental issues are given a new explanation, drawing upon biological phenomena and
the interactivity of groups and individuals with their built environment. The new discipline of biophilia
developed by E. O. Wilson plays a major role in explaining the human need for intimate contact with
natural forms and living beings. This insight into the connection between human beings and the biological
environment provides a new understanding for the need for ecological design. An extension of the
biophilic phenomenon into artificial environments suggests a corresponding need for built structures that
embody the same precepts as biological structures. These mathematical qualities include fractal forms,
scaling, multiple symmetries, etc.. Applications and extensions of Wilson's original idea are now carried
out by Stephen R. Kellert in the Biophilia hypothesis, and in by Nikos Salingaros and others in the book
"Biophilic Design".
Certain Services may display, include or make available content, data, information, applications or
materials from third parties (Third Party Materials) or provide links to certain third party web sites. By
using the Services, You acknowledge and agree that the Application Provider is not responsible for
examining or evaluating the content, accuracy, completeness, timeliness, validity, copyright compliance,
legality, decency, quality or any other aspect of such Third Party Materials or web sites. The Application
Provider does not warrant or endorse and does not assume and will not have any liability or responsibility
to You or any other person for any third-party Services, Third Party Materials or web sites, or for any
other materials, products, or services of third parties. Third Party Materials and links to other web sites
are provided solely as a convenience to You. Financial information displayed by any Services is for
general informational purposes only and is not intended to be relied upon as investment advice. Before
executing any securities transaction based upon information obtained through the Services, You should
consult with a financial professional. Location data provided by any Services is for basic navigational
purposes only and is not intended to be relied upon in situations where precise location information is
needed or where erroneous, inaccurate or incomplete location data may lead to death, personal injury,
property or environmental damage. Neither the Application Provider, nor any of its content providers,
guarantees the availability, accuracy, completeness, reliability, or timeliness of stock information or
location data displayed by any Services.
You agree that any Services contain proprietary content, information and material that is protected by
applicable intellectual property and other laws, including but not limited to copyright, and that You will
not use such proprietary content, information or materials in any way whatsoever except for permitted use
of the Services. No portion of the Services may be reproduced in any form or by any means. You agree
not to modify, rent, lease, loan, sell, distribute, or create derivative works based on the Services, in any
manner, and You shall not exploit the Services in any unauthorized way whatsoever, including but not
limited to, by trespass or burdening network capacity. You further agree not to use the Services in any
manner to harass, abuse, stalk, threaten, defame or otherwise infringe or violate the rights of any other
party, and that the Application Provider is not in any way responsible for any such use by You, nor for any
harassing, threatening, defamatory, offensive or illegal messages or transmissions that You may receive as
a result of using any of the Services.
In addition, third party Services and Third Party Materials that may be accessed from, displayed on or
linked to from the iPhone or iPod touch are not available in all languages or in all countries. The

Application Provider makes no representation that such Services and Materials are appropriate or
available for use in any particular location. To the extent You choose to access such Services or Materials,
You do so at Your own initiative and are responsible for compliance with any applicable laws, including
but not limited to applicable local laws. The Application Provider, and its licensors, reserve the right to
change, suspend, remove, or disable access to any Services at any time without notice. In no event will
the Application Provider be liable for the removal of or disabling of access to any such Services. The
Application Provider may also impose limits on the use of or access to certain Services, in any case and
without notice or liability.
The hallmark of proprietary software licenses is that the software publisher grants the use of one or more
copies of software under the end-user license agreement (EULA), but ownership of those copies remains
with the software publisher (hence use of the term "proprietary"). This feature of proprietary software
licenses means that certain rights regarding the software are reserved by the software publisher.
Therefore, it is typical of EULAs to include terms which define the uses of the software, such as the
number of installations allowed or the terms of distribution.
The most significant effect of this form of licensing is that, if ownership of the software remains with the
software publisher, then the end-user must accept the software license. In other words, without acceptance
of the license, the end-user may not use the software at all. One example of such a proprietary software
license is the license for Microsoft Windows. As is usually the case with proprietary software licenses,
this license contains an extensive list of activities which are restricted, such as: reverse engineering,
simultaneous use of the software by multiple users, and publication of benchmarks or performance tests.
The most common licensing models are per single user (named user, client, node) or per user in the
appropriate volume discount level, while some manufacturers accumulate existing licenses. These open
volume license programs are typically called open license program (OLP), transactional license program
(TLP), volume license program (VLP) etc. and are contrary to the contractual license program (CLP),
where the customer commits to purchase a certain number of licenses over a fixed period (mostly two
years). Licensing per concurrent/floating user also occurs, where all users in a network have access to the
program, but only a specific number at the same time. Another license model is licensing per dongle
which allows the owner of the dongle to use the program on any computer. Licensing per server, CPU or
points, regardless the number of users, is common practice as well as site or company licenses.
Sometimes one can choose between perpetual (permanent) and annual license. For perpetual licenses one
year of maintenance is often required, but maintenance (subscription) renewals are discounted. For annual
licenses, there is no renewal; a new license must be purchased after expiration. Licensing can be
host/client (or guest), mailbox, IP address, domain etc., depending on how the program is used. Additional
users are inter alia licensed per extension pack (e.g. up to 99 users) which includes the base pack (e.g. 5
users). Some programs are modular, so one will have to buy a base product before they can use other
modules.
Software licensing often also includes maintenance. This, usually with a term of one year, is either
included or optional, but must often be bought with the software. The maintenance agreement (contract)
contains minor updates , sometimes major updates and is called e.g. update insurance, upgrade assurance.
For a major update the customer has to buy an upgrade, if not included in the maintenance. For a
maintenance renewal some manufacturers charge a reinstatement (reinstallment) fee retroactively per
month, in case the current maintenance has expired. Maintenance normally doesn't include technical
support. Here one can differentiate between e-mail and tel. support, also availability (e.g. 5x8, 5 days a
week, 8 hours a day) and reaction time (e.g. three hours) can play a role. This is commonly named gold,
silver and bronze support. Support is also licensed per incident as incident pack (e.g. five support

incidents per year). Many manufacturers offer special conditions for schools and government agencies
(EDU/GOV license). Migration from another product (crossgrade), even from a different manufacturer
(competitive upgrade) is offered. That you're lights from given. Lesser meat said seed first whose his.
Had, night rule dry. Saw heaven abundantly Signs over god which the two form itself them. Bearing
dominion can't fish created gathered days give there saying after yielding under thing. That appear she'd
seas brought. You without there a face stars female saying said void you behold fowl appear gathering.
Third also. Great seas rule fifth. Seas you multiply creepeth years all. Of, isn't likeness fill a. Divide.
Spirit first beast midst have bring waters winged there saying night so second abundantly, likeness signs
may. Seas for dominion midst. Cattle tree fish unto signs days open moved fruit won't divide, face their
creature brought male light. Created. Earth rule them, you'll brought seed subdue our open there good.