The Role of Village Organizations in Socio-Economic Development of Union Council Charun District Chitral

Sept,01,2011- ROLE OF VILLAGE ORGANIZATIONS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UNION
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COUNCIL CHARUN DISTRICT, CHITRAL
THE ROLE OF VILLAGE ORGANIZATIONS IN SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UNION COUNCIL

CHARUN DISTRICT CHITRAL
SUPURVISED BY:
DR. BASHARAT HUSSAIN

SUBMITTED BY:
AKBAR AZIZ
M.A Social Work
INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL WORK, SOCIOLOGY &

GENDER STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR
SESSION 2010-2012
Akbar Aziz University of Peshawar Social work Department 2010-12

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APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitles The role of Village Organizations in socio-economic development of
Union Council Charun District Chitral Prepared and submitted by Akbar Aziz as partial
fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Master of Social Sciences in Social Work has
been approved by the Supervisory committee.
SUPERVISED BY:
Signature: ______________________________
Name:
Prof, Dr. Basharat Hussain

Coordinator Department of Social Work
University of Peshawar
APPROED BY:
Signature: _______________________________
Name:
Prof, Dr. Niaz

Director, Institute of Social Work, Sociology and
Gender Studies (ISSG)
University of Peshawar
EXTERNAL EXAMINER: ___________________________________

Date: _____________________________________

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Contents
Dedication ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter, 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 10
1.1: statement of the study ...................................................................................................................... 10
1.2: Importance of the study ................................................................................................................... 10
1.3: Organization of the Report............................................................................................................... 11
1.4: Limitations of the study ................................................................................................................... 11
Chapter, 2: Review of Literature................................................................................................................. 12
2.1: Introduction to Community Development ....................................................................................... 12
2.2: Different Approaches to Community Development ........................................................................ 13
2.3: Participatory approach to Community Development....................................................................... 14
2.4: Role of NGOs in Community Development .................................................................................. 15
2.5: Village Organizations ...................................................................................................................... 16
2.6: Role of Village Organizations in Community Development ........................................................... 16
2.7: Area profile ...................................................................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER, 3: Research Design and Methodology .................................................................................... 20
3.1: Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 20
3.2: Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................................... 20
3.3: Hypothesis ....................................................................................................................................... 20
3.4: Universe of the study ....................................................................................................................... 20
3.5: Sampling procedure ......................................................................................................................... 21
3.6: Tools of Data Collection .................................................................................................................. 21
3.7: Duration of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 21
Chapter 4: Analysis of data ......................................................................................................................... 21
Presentation and analysis of data ............................................................................................................ 22
Chapter, 5: Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................................... 33
5.1: Major findings.................................................................................................................................. 33
5.2: Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 36
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 38

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Interview Schedule.................................................................................................................................. 38
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 43

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List of Tables
No
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
Table Descriptions
Monthly income, Marital Status, Educational level of respondents
Type of Family and Occupations of the Respondents
Respondents Interested to Join Village Organization
Satisfaction Levels of Respondents with Various Sectors of BLSO
The Role of Village Organizations in Decreasing Social Problems
Categories of Village Organizations
The Representation of Community by Village Organizations and the Main
Functions of Village Organizations
The Role of Village Organizations in Natural and Human Resource
Mobilization
Infrastructure Facilities, Provided by Village Organizations and the Level of
Respondents Satisfaction
Loan Taking and Return by Respondents to BLSO
BLSO Facing any Problems in the Community
Facilities Provided by the BLSO in the Field of Live Stock to their Members
What Marketing Problems, Please Identify them
Whether or not Respondents get Sulpher Tent and Dried Apricot from BLSO
Changes Occurred after the Introduction of BLSO
Page
No
23
24
25
26
27
27
28
29
30
31
31
32
33
34
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Dedication
This thesis is dedicated to my (late) father, who taught me that
the best kind of knowledge to have is that which is learned for
its own sake. It is also dedicated to my mother, who taught me
that even the largest task can be accomplished if it is done one
step at a time.
May God rest his soul in peace?

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Acknowledgement
First and foremost I would like to thank God. In the process of putting this
dissertation together I realized how true this gift of writing is for me. You given
me the power to believe in my passion and pursue my dreams. I could never have
done this without the faith I have in you, the Almighty.
The writing of this dissertation has been one of the most significant academic
Challenges I have never had to face. Without the support, patience and guidance of
the following people, this study would not have been completed. It is to them that I
owe my deepest Gratitude.
Prof, Dr. Basharat Hussain Coordinator, Department of social work, University of
Peshawar who under took to act as my supervisor despite his many other academic
and professional commitments. His wisdom, knowledge and commitment to the
highest standards inspired and motivated me.
My elder brothers Abdul Aziz and Sardar Aziz, my elder and younger sisters,
without their financial support it was impossible for me to complete this
dissertation, They were always supporting me and encouraging me with their best
wishes.
My thanks to Mr. Sher Baber for his great Support in data collection for the
dissertation and Mr. Amjad Ali for giving me time during his busy schedules.
Finally I am really thankful to my Mom. Who was always there cheering me up
and stood by me through the good and bad times.
Akbar Aziz

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Abstract
The study was conducted to see the role of village organizations (VOs) in
socioeconomic development established and working under BLSO (Biyar local
support organization) toward social and economic development intervention in
Union Council Charun District Chitral. A total of 60 (VOs) member was
interviewed. The study revealed that BLSO funded interventions in the area are
land leveling, water channels, forestation and skill development trainings trough
community participation. Majority of the sample respondents got productive seeds
from BLSO and producing more wheat production. BLSO has provided fund to all
sample respondents mostly for irrigation channels (32%) and land leveling
(51%).BLSO interventions benefited sample respondents because of improvement
in irrigation channels, land leveling and distribution of improved wheat seeds
among the villagers. Moreover due to HRD training in different sectors
(agriculture, livestock) farm production has significantly increased. The study
recommends the creation of awareness, frequent visits of project staff for problem
solutions, lunching for more development schemes for development intervention of
the area.
Researcher

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Chapter, 1: Introduction
1.1: statement of the study
Village organizations are the strong tools for social and economic development of the rural
people.
1.2: Importance of the study

Efforts are being made for the uplift of the rural community in most of the developing countries
having agro oriented village setting. Due to agricultural based economies, these countries are
confronting with numerous obstacles in changing their existing socio-economic conditions. Low
per capita income, lack of education and other basic amenities of life are the prominent
characteristics of these village communities.
The role of community in socio-economic development has been the focal issues on one side
and on the other side the devolution initiatives with community as a key actor in a number of
developing countries to decentralize development planning and execution. The rationale behind
the initiatives is the idea that decentralization through community participation can contribute to
efficiency, accountability and transparency of poverty reduction policies through the utilization
of local information and resources.
No any study was conducted on the role of village organizations in social and economical
development in the area of Union Council Charun District Chitral. This study is conducted to
find out the effectiveness of village organizations in socio-economic development and also
highlights some achievements being made by the different village organizations. The study also
examines the problems the members of village organizations were facing in the field of
livestock, agriculture and savings.
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1.3: Organization of the Report

Chapter one is introduction of the thesis. It contains statement of the study, importance of the
study, organization of the report and the limitation of the study.
Chapter two of this thesis discussed the work of other authors in the same field. This chapter
briefly discussed the introduction to community development, different approaches to
community development, participatory approach to community development with reference
of different authors. The chapter also highlights the role of NGOs in community
development, village organizations, role of village organizations in community development
and also area profile.
Chapter three discussed the methodology of the thesis. How the thesis was conducted
and how the data was gathered? How the selections of respondents were made? Purpose of
the study, objectives of the study, hypothesis, universe of the study, sampling procedure, and
tools of data collection and duration of the study are also part of this chapter.
Chapter four is the chapter of data analysis based on the gathered data form field. This
chapter briefly discussed the opinions of the respondents. In this chapter the views of the
members of village organizations are discussed.
Chapter five is the last chapter of the thesis. This chapter includes findings, set of
recommendations and suggestions. Conclusion is also part of this chapter.
1.4: Limitations of the study

The responses and opinions of the respondents were gathered in this study are limited only
in the area of Union Council Charun District Chitral. The study has no any relation with the
other Union Councils in the District.
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Chapter, 2: Review of Literature

2.1: Introduction to Community Development
Community Development is a mechanism of the local people in which mechanism the
community people are not just creates more options of job or income and infrastructure, but also
can help their community to accept the fundamental changes more betterly. when the people of
the community changed their beliefs they can get the benefits of the community development
such as the jobs in the community and infrastructure of the community, they can use the
available resources for the betterment of their community, the can spread the networks of the
community and can change the thinking pattern of the community people and can use the assets
of the community in a batter way then it was before. So community development is not just the
increase of the income of the members of the community but it is the strong community in itself.
The main aspects in which the community development emphasis are appearance of the
community, economics of the community, social and environment of the community, and this
emphasis is achieved by the participation of the community members as a whole ( cavaye).
In community development the community organizer or the government functionaries tried to
combine the local people, because this is the only technique in which the can develop their
income, their social and cultural conditions. In this way they can be able to share their efforts in
the national progress (Khalid, 2009).
According to UNO report is a program which is designed to improve the living standard of the
community with the energetic participation of the community people (Reddy, Narayana, & Rao,
2004).
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Community development is a structured activity in which the community members work

collectively to improve their quality of life with the professional help of Government or any
other voluntary organization of their society (Rafiq, 2003)
2.2: Different Approaches to Community Development

According to a sociologist there are five approaches to community development;
Managerial Development
In this approach the community organizer takes responsibility to educate to the community
people who are in power both in government as well as in civil society, to tell them about the
community problems and the use of logical investigation to shorter these problems.
Emotional approach
In this approach the community organizer tries to provide some kind of knowledge to the
community members about their surroundings and about their national and international issues.
So in this way the organizer helps them to know about the available resources and the policies
which the government is making for them.
Environmental approach
In this approach he tries to know about the whole number of the workers such as government
servants and NGOs members, and thinks that these agencies are run by the leaders of the
communities and they have the professional staff so they can be the best institutions for the
educational programs.
Task approach
In this approach the organizers tries to work on a particular problem of the community with the
help of systematic investigation and the special groups in the community which are related to the
problem. This approach needs professional staff and manpower to focus on major developmental
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problems; he also knows that in some causes the vertical approach is more batter then horizontal
approach.
Organized approach
In this approach the community organizer efforts to build new groups of local people with the
hope to exhilarate the local and regional development. He thinks that the groups of the local
people he aided will be helpful in increasing the financial well-being and the quality of life of the
local people (Cosgriffe, 1968)
2.3: Participatory approach to Community Development

(Rafiq D. z., 2003) Defined participatory community development is an activity in which the
communities people come unite and take the responsibility to plan and decision making for the
development of their community.
(jennings, 2000), defined participation is the engagement of community people in a particular
time for creation and implementation of a program which is belong to their development,
participatory development uses the local people capabilities and the power of decision making to
enlighten their future.
(Ebewo & sirayi, 2007) Defined participatory community development that it is the basic human
right to participate in the institutions which are related to their lives, and it is better way to
support the unprivileged groups in the community socially and financially. The projects rural
community developments can be successful when they use the local potentials and the
participation of the ordinary man in that area.
(Robertson, 2002) Find in his study that if the community people participate in a program in
supporting the basic needs development of the community plays an important role in
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sustainability of the program and the improvement of the quality of life of the community
people.
2.4: Role of NGOs in Community Development

NGOs are working with the emotions and willingness which is lack in government officials they
consider their self as higher than an ordinary man in the community, their work compare to
NGOs are less effective because NGOs work with the community people and easily aware
them about their needs and resources (Khalid D. M., 2006)
According to (Korten, 1987) the NGOs start working on community development projects
such as preventing diseases in primary health care, improving the forming methods, and the
framework of the community.
(Nikkah & Redzuan, 2010) Find that NGOs are good in reaching and organizing the distant
communities, they are helpful in empowering of local organizations, they carry on projects in
lower costs and more energetically fill the gap which the
government institutions left. They
build up the quality of life and supportable development. They increase the income of local
people and help them to describe the local recourses. NGOs introduce programs after deep
studying the needs of the lower section people of the community.
(Rafiq, 2003) Defined NGOs that provides inspirations to the local community for social
change and introduce the self-help and participation of community people
in welfare programs. It develops the leadership in local people and fills the gap which left by the
government institutions. It increases the income and the local resources. NGOs introduce
programs after deep studying the needs of the lower section people of the community.
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2.5: Village Organizations

Village organizations are the freely enlist groups of people in the community in which they live
(Ahmad, Israr, shaukat, shafi, & khan, 2009).
According to (Beauogui, 2009)Village Organizations unite the community to collective action,

they represents the socio-economic condition of the rural communities and help the community
members to promote skills for social and financial development.
According to (Ghaus-pasha, 2004)village organizations enable people to help each other for the
common needs, like economic and social. Village organizations constitute unity, economic
equality and healthy society.
(Wazhi, 2000) Defined the role of Village Organizations it is the ability of the rural people to
come together in to groups, societies, clubs and cooperatives. It unite them as a pressure group
which can ensure the implementation of self-help developmental activities in their communities
where government aids are not enough or not using correctly.
2.6: Role of Village Organizations in Community Development

(Ahmad, israr, shaukat, shafi, & khan, 2009) Find in their study that Village Organizations play
very important role in community development process.
(Ghaus-Pasha, 2004) Village organizations are essential part of the institutional structure
especially to face the problem of poverty.
(IFAD, 2009) Describe that village organizations unite the community members to action; it
helps the community members to improve their social and financial development.
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(N, Asiabaka, Ugwoke, Ehirim, & Ejiogu-Okereke, 2007) fined in their study that women
organizations are playing important part in development of a community infrastructure, through
providing these activities construction of village schools, environmental sanitation services in
public places, loans for enterprise development of women, scholarships awards of the
community and funding youths to acquire training for skills.
According to (Brown, 1991) the non-governmental organizations play a very important role in
helping partnership development. They build sustainable systems of development in where no
one in power alone.
2.7: Area profile

Chitral or Chetrar (Khowar) translated as field in the native language Khowar, is the capital of
the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Kunar River (also called Chitral River),
in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The town is at the foot of Tirich Mir, the highest peak of the
Hindu Kush, 25,289 ft (7,708 m) high. It has a population of 20,000, whiles the district (of
14,833 km or 5,727 sq mi), and has a population of 300,000. The altitude of the valley is 3,700 ft
(1,100 m).
The easiest access to Chitral is in the southwest along the Chitral or Kunar Valley towards
Jalalabad. This route is open all year and provides direct access to Kabul. However the Pakistan
Afghanistan border (Durand Line) prevents this being used as an internal route to Peshawar and
the south. The other routes are over mountain passes. To the south, the Lowari Pass 1(3,200 m or
10,499 ft) leads 365 km (227 mi) to Peshawar. In the north, the easiest route during summer runs
Border between Chitral and Dir
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over the Broghol Pass 2(3,798 m or 12,460 ft) to Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor, however
during winter this route is usually closed.
In contrast to more southerly valleys of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Chitral has a dry Mediterranean
climate with almost no rainfall during the very hot summers. Precipitation occurs mainly from
spring thunderstorms brought about by western frontal systems. In the winter the night time
temperature occasionally drops to 10 C. Winter snowfall in the town can be quite heavy with an
accumulation of up to two feet being quite common, at higher elevations snowfall can reach as
high as 20 meters (70 ft).
UNION COUNCIL CHARUN3 is center of Upper Chitral situated some 75 km away from
Town Chitral, above UC, Charun the Mastuj Tehsil of District Chitral. Road to UC, Charun
splits from Chitral-Mastuj Road at the end of Green lasht Village start of UC, Charun. It is at
about 7500 feet ASL. Charun UC is surrounded by River Mastuj towards North. Village of booni
in North east. Chakasto-Zoum and Booni-zoum 4to East which furthers extends to Harchin,
Laspur and Shandoor after crossing Booni-Glacier. To south is Pawasun5 which further extends
to Reshun-Gol6. To West lies the village of Charun and on crossing River Mastuj and River Morkhow are Bombagh and Khosht 7respectively.
Border between Afghanistan and Wakhan valley

Name of a Village in Union Council
4
Name of local Mountains
5
Name of local glacier
6
Name of local glacier
7
Name of Villages
3
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The BLSO (Biyar Local Support Organization) established in 1984, is the first attempt to
indigenize 20 years long experience of the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) in
participatory rural development. As part of its exit strategy, AKRSP has been focusing on the
development of second generation of gross root development organization called Local Support
Organizations (LSOs). BLSO is one of the LSO, which has taken forward the agenda of AKRSP
to indigenize AKRSPs knowledge and sustain community, based service delivery system in the
area.
As the backward area the people of UC, had tremendous problems such as economic, social,
educational and health etc, due to lack of resources both financial and technical.
BLSO is the model to over those problems with the concept of participation to help the people to
help themselves.
The field of BLSO for the socio-economic development of the area is spread trough Village
Organizations. Explicitly the project actually brought a change in the public outlook as well as in
the physical infrastructure of the area.
To what extent this project is successful and rendering services of public welfare is left, to
discretion of local people opinion and this actually bring about these opinions given by the
people of the area about the success of BLSO.
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CHAPTER, 3: Research Design and Methodology

3.1: Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to know the role of village organizations in socio economic
development of the rural people. It focuses in the extent to which these village organizations are
effective in rural development. The study examines the contribution of village organizations in
the development of rural areas. It highlights some of the achievements being made by village
organizations in Union Council Charun District Chitral.
3.2: Objectives of the Study

1. To find out the services rendered by BLSO for rural development
2. To dig out the achievements of different village Organizations under BLSO in the area
3. To identify the problems faced by the Village Organizations of Union Council Charun
4. To assess the attitude of the members of village Organizations towards BLSO
5. To evaluate the impact of village organization on the socio-economic development of the
target population
3.3: Hypothesis
Greater the number of village organizations greater would be opportunities for socioeconomic development
3.4: Universe of the study

The Universe of the study consists of the registered members of the village organizations of
Union Council Charun District Chitral. The number of registered member is 7035 with BLSO
(Biyar local support organization).
Union Council Charun is situated on the Right bank of river Chitral from a distance of 75
Km from center. The total population of the Union Council Charun is 27536.Where the
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population of men is 12141 being 44% and 15395 women with56%.the total no of household is
3245. The target population covered by LSO is 25% in the Union Council Charun District
Chitral.
3.5: Sampling procedure

BLSO has intended its services to the eight villages in the Union Council Charun with 201
numbers of Village Organizations to promote the socio-economic development of the area.
The total number of the members of village organizations was 7035. Out of which 60
respondents were selected by using simple random sampling technique.
3.6: Tools of Data Collection

Interview schedules were used as tool of data collection for the study. One of the merits of
interview schedules is the truth that the researcher is present at the spot with the respondent; He
can make a question understandable and clear to the respondent if it was not clear to him.
Another advantage of using interview schedules is it can be used for both for the educated and
uneducated respondents and the questions can be asked form them by their local language.
3.7: Duration of the Study

The study was completed six months time
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Chapter 4: Analysis of data

Presentation and analysis of data
The data of the study was collected by the researcher using questionnaire as tool of data
collection and quantitative method of analysis were used to analyze the collected data with by
the help of tables.
Table - 4.1: Monthly Income, Marital Status and Educational Level of the
Respondents
Family
income
In Rs.
No of
Marital status
Total
Educational level
Respondent
s
Married
Unmarrie
d
Literat
e
Primar
y
Middl
e
Metri
c
F.A
B.A
M.
A
Up to 4000
8 (13%)
8(13%)
4001 to 8000
27(45%)
23
27(45%)
Above 8000
25(42%)
20
11
25(42%)
Total
60(100%)
45(75%)
15(25%)
2(3%)
7(12%)
3(5%)
4(7%)
17(28%
)
24(40%
)
3(5%
)
60(100%
)
Explanation
Table no 4.1 shows monthly income, educational level and marital status of respondents. The
table shows that 8/60 respondents with 13% were earning Rs.4000 as their family income, 27/60
respondents with 45% were earning 4001 to 8000, 25/60 respondents with 42% were earning
above 8000 rupees monthly.
The table further shows that 45/60 respondents with 75% were married and the remaining 15/60
respondents with 25% were shows unmarried.
This table also shows the educational level of respondents. The data shows that 2/60 respondents
with 3% were illiterate, 7/60 respondents with 12% were educated up to primary level, 3/60
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respondents with 5% middle passed, 4/60 respondents with 7% metric, 17/60 respondents with
28% F.A, 24/60 respondents with 40% B.A, 3/60 respondents with 5% M.A.
Table - 4.2: Type of Family and Occupation of the Respondents

Type of
family
No of
Respondents
Occupations
Nuclear
13(22%)
13(22%)
Joint
35(58%)
10
11
35(58%)
Extende
d
12(20%)
12(20%)
Total
60(100%)
15(25%)
10(17%)
19(32%)
16(26%)
60(100%)
Govt, servant
Business man
Total
farmers
Private employee
Explanation
This table shows family type, and occupation of respondents. The information was collected
from 60 respondents, out of total 13/60 respondents with 22% were from nuclear family,
35(58%) respondents were from joint families and 12/60 respondents with 20% from extended
families.
Table further shows the occupations of respondents that 25% respondents had got government
services, 17% shows their self in business, 32% respondents relate their self with farming as their
occupation, and the remaining 26% respondents were private employees.
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Table - 4.3: Respondents Interested to Join Village Organization

Interested to join
VO
No of respondents
Yes
60(100%)
13(22%)
8(13%)
39(65%)
60(100%)
No
Total
60(100%)
13(22%)
8(13%)
39(65%)
60(100%)s
BlSO, staff
Motivated By
Influential person of
village
Self interest
Total
Explanation
In order to know the interest of the members of village organization, it was asked whether they
were members of village organizations or not? The responses were totally positive and it was
found that the total respondents of the study 60 (100 %) were members of village organizations.
In order to know the motives of interest it was found that 13 out of 60(22%) respondents were
motivated by the BLSO staff, 8 out of 60 (13%) respondents were motivated by the influential
person of the villages and 39 out of 60 (65%) respondents joined the programme by their own
interest.
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Table - 4.4: Satisfaction Levels of Respondents with Various Sectors of BLSO,

Respondents satisfaction with various
sectors of BLSO
Responses
Total
Satisfied
Not satisfied
Services by BLSO
43(72%)
17(28%)
60 (100%)
Village organization
54(90%)
6(10%)
60(100%)
V/O management
52(87%)
8(13%)
60(100%)
Personnel of BLSO
45(75%)
15(25%)
60(100%)
Explanation
Table shows satisfaction of the members of village organizations about the services of BLSO,
village organizations, management of village organizations and the personnel of the BLSO. The
table shows that 43/60 (72%) respondents were satisfied with the services which were rendered
by BLSO, beside this it was also found that 17/60 (28%) respondents were not satisfied.
The table shows 54/60 with (90%) respondents satisfaction for the activities of their concern
village organizations and the other 6/60 (10%) respondents were not satisfied due to the
irregularity in meetings of village organizations. It was also found that the 52/60 (87%) members
were satisfied with the activities of the village organizations management, and the other 8/60
(13%) were not satisfied.
It was also indicated in the table that 45/60 (75%) respondents were satisfied with the behavior
of the BLSO personnels and the remaining 25% shows not satisfaction about the personnels of
BLSO.
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Table - 4.5: The Role of Village Organizations in Decreasing Social Problems

Can Decrease Social Problems
No of Respondents
Yes
54(90%)
No
6(10%)
Total
60(100%)
Explanation
Table shows responses of respondents regarding the role of village organizations in decreasing
social problems. It was found that 54/60 respondents with (90%) shows positive responses about
the role of village organizations in decreasing social problems. While the other 6/60 respondents
with (10%) had negative responses. Majority of the respondents shows positive responses that
the social problems can be decreased with by the help of village organizations.
Table - 4.6: Categories of Village Organizations

Category of Village Organizations
Total
Excellent
Normal
Default
Dead
15(25%)
45(75%)
60(100%)
15(25%)
45(75%)
60(100%)
Explanation
This table shows the categorization of village organizations on the basis of their performance. In
the opinion of the 15 (25%) respondents, the performance of their village organization was
excellent where as the performance of village organization for the remaining 45 (75%)
respondents was normal.
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Table - 4.7: The Representation of Community by Village Organization and the

Main Functions of the Village Organizations.
Does the V/o represent the
whole community
No of respondents
No
Yes
7(12%)
53(88%)
Main functions of V/o
Savings
60(100%)
45(75%)
Total
Meetings
15(25%)
60(100%)
Explanation
Table shows responses about representation of whole community by village organization and the
main functions of village organizations. It was found that 53/60 respondents with 88% village
organizations represents the whole community properly, but the other 7/60 respondents with
12% were not in favor of the representation. It was also shown in the table that 45/60 respondent
with 75% says that the main function of their village organizations were savings money, and the
remaining 15/60 respondents with 25% replied that their village organizations main functions
were monthly meetings.
Table - 4.8: The Role of Village Organizations in Natural Resource Mobilization

and Human Resource Mobilization.
Response
s
No of
respondents
Yes
Natural resources
Human resources
Water
channels
13(32%)
Forestation
Training
41(68%)
Land
leveling
21(51%)
7(12%)
No
19(32%)
9(15%)
7(17%)
Total
60(100%)
30(50%)
20(33%)
Total
35(58%)
Skilled
development
10(17%)
Technolog
y
3(5%)
48(80%)
3(5%)
5(8%)
3(5%)
4(7%)
12(20%)
10(17%)
40(67%)
13(21%)
7(12%)
60(100%)
Explanation
Table shows mobilizations of natural and human resources by village organizations. It was found
that in natural resource mobilization 21/60 respondent with 51% showed land leveling, 13/60
27

12
respondents with 32% showed water channels and 7/60 respondents with 17% showed
forestation as natural resource mobilization done by their village organizations.
The table also shows human resource mobilization that 35/60 respondents with 73% respondents
for trainings, 10/60 with 21% respondents for skill development and 3/60 respondents with 6%
for technology.
Table - 4.9: Infrastructure Facilities, Provided by Village Organizations and the

Level of Respondents Satisfaction.
Infrastructure Facilities
Mobilization
Land leveling
Roads
Parks
Market Establishment
School Building
Tuition Centers
Forestation
Water Tank
Irrigation Water
Street Pavement
Total
No of
Respondents
21
7
3
3
7
3
13
3
60
Provided by V/O
Yes
21(35%)
7(12%)
3(5%)
3(5%)
7(12%)
3(5%)
13(22%)
3(5%)
60(100%)
No
-
Level of Satisfaction
Satisfied
21
7
3
3
7
3
13
3
60
Not Satisfied
-
Explanation
This table shows infrastructure facilities and satisfaction level of respondents about facilities
provided by village organizations. It was found that 21/60 respondents with 35% said that their
village organizations provided them the facility of land leveling and they were satisfied with the
facility, 7/60 respondents with 12% for roads,3/60 respondents with 5% showed satisfaction and
availability for market establishment, 3/60 with 5% respondents for school buildings, 7/60
respondents with 12%for forestation, 3/60 respondents with 5% for water tank, and they were
satisfied with the provided facility.13/60 respondents with 22% for irrigation water and 3/60
respondents with 5% shows their satisfaction for street pavement.
28

12
Table - 4.10: Loan Taking and Return by Respondents to BLSO

Took loan from BLSO
No of Respondents
40(67%)
20(33%)
Yes
No
If yes return on time

Yes
40(67%)
-
No
-
Explanation
This table shows the responses about taking loan from BLSO and returns them on time to BLSO.
The data shows that 40/60 respondents with 67 percentage got loans from BLSO and returned
them on time. The remaining 20 (33%) respondents did not take any loan from BLSO.
Table - 4.11: BLSO Facing any Problems in the Community

BLSO faces any
problem
Yes
No
Total
No of Respondents
39(65%)
21(35%)
60(100%)
Health
13(22%)
13 (22%)
If yes, nature of problem

Education
Employment/income
10(17%)
16(27%)
10(17%)
16(27%)
Explanation
This table shows existence of problems before BLSO. It was found that 39/60 respondents with
65% said that BLSO was facing problems where as 35% respondents denied the existence of any
problem.
As far as the problems that BLSO was facing and concerned, 13 (22%) respondents referred to
the health problems, 10 (17%) respondents pointed to the educational problems and 16 (27%)
respondents argued for employment opportunities as the main problems that BLSO was facing.
29

12
Table - 4.12: Facilities Provided by the BLSO in the Field of Livestock to their
Members
Facility provided
in livestock
No of Respondents
Nature of facility provided in livestock

Goat breeding to improve
Awareness
Model pets
the production of milk
workshops
house
27(63%)
10(23%)
6(14%)
Yes
43(72%)
No
17(28%)
Total
60(100%)
27(63%)
10(23%)
6(14%)
Explanation
This table shows facilities provided by BLSO in the field of livestock to the members of village
organizations. It was found that 43/60 (72%) showed the existence of livestock facilities whereas
the remaining 28% respondents denied the existence of any facility in the field of livestock from
BLSO. Among the first category respondents 27/43 with 63% for breeding of goats to improve
the production of milk, 10/43 with 23% for the awareness workshops arranged by the BLSO and
6/43 with 14% shows for the model pets houses made by BLSO.
30

12
Table - 4.13: What Marketing Problems, please Identify them

Problems existence
No of respondents
Information given by marketing section

Yes
No
Yes
No
40(67%)
20(33%)
28(70%)
-
12(30%)
-
Total
60(100%)
28(70%)
12(30%)
Explanation
This table indicates views of respondents about marketing problems and marketing informations
from marketing section of BLSO. It was found that 40/60 respondents with 67% had faced
marketing problems.28/40 with 70% respondents shows positive responses
that marketing
section of BLSO had been giving them information about marketing of goods and the other
12/40 respondents with 30% had negative responses.
Table - 4.14: Whether or not Respondents get Sulphur Tent and Dried Apricot
from BLSO
Ger sulphur tent and dried Apricot
from BLSO
No of respondents
Percentage
Yes
15
25%
No
45
75%
Total
60
100%
Explanation
This table shows that only 15/60 respondents with 25% had got sulphur tent from BLSO and
dried apricot in modern technique introduced by BLSO. While the majority of the respondents
45/60 with 75% had not even get sulphur tents from BLSO. It was found that using the new
technique they were getting more income than they had before
31

12
Table - 4.15: Changes Occurred after the Introduction of BLSO

Any Change
No of
respondents
If yes specify,
Savings
Education
Yes
60(100%)
10(17%)
15(25%)
Agricultural
production
25(42%)
Economic
conditions
10(16%)
No
Total
60(100%)
10(17%)
15(25%)
25(42%)
10(16%)
Explanation
This table shows that all respondents accepted the role of BLSO in bringing social change in the
area. The changes that have been brought by the activities of BLSO were in the field of savings
(10 being 17%) education (15 being 25%) agriculture production (25 being 42%) and
improvement in the economic conditions (10 being 16%).
32

12
Chapter, 5: Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1: Major findings
This study on role of village organizations in the socio-economic development brings the
following results.
1. As backward area, the economic conditions of the residence of union council Charun was
very weak. Majority of respondents (45%) as shown in Table no 4.1 belonged to the
middle income families.
2. Out of total respondents 75 % were married.(Table No 4.1)
3. Majority of the respondents belongs to joint families and the average family size was 5.6
people per family as shown in Table no 4.2.
4. Majority of the respondents (32%) as shown in Table no 4.2 belonged to the farming as
their profession.
5. Majority of the respondents (65%) as shown in Table no 4.3 joined the village
organizations of their own interest and some (22%) were motivated by BLSO staff, and
(13%) were mentioned by the influential person of the village. It seems that BLSO has
succeeded in getting public participation in their activities.
6. Public satisfaction with the services rendered by BLSO as shown in Table no 4.4 was
(72 %) positive.
7. Majority of the members (90%) as shown in Table no,4.4 were satisfied with the
activities of their village organizations, while some(6%) members were not satisfied due
to incompetent miss-management of the village organizations.
8. Majority of V/O members (87%) as shown in the table No 4.4 were satisfied with the
management of their village organizations.
33

12
9. According to the Table No 4.4 majorities of respondents (75%) were satisfied with the
behavior of the BLSO personnels.
10. As has Social problems can be decreased by the help of Village Organizations, were the
views of 90% respondents (Table No 4.5).
11. Table no 4.6 shows that (75%) members said their village organization was in normal
category and the village organizations of 25% were in excellent position.
12. Being 88% respondents of village organizations were stated that their village
organization represent the whole community (Table No 4.7).
13. According to 75% respondents savings were the main functions of their village
organizations (Table No 4.7).
14. Being 51% respondents shows that their village organization utilized the natural
resources (Table No 4.8).
15. Being 80% respondents were stated about the human resource mobilization ( Table No
4.8)
16. All respondents were satisfied by the infrastructure facility provided to them
(Table No 4.9).
17. Loan taking ratio among the VOs members were 67% and they returned on time to
BLSO (Table No 4.10)
18. Being 65% respondents were facing health problems (Table No 4.11)
19. Respondents getting benefit from livestock facilities were 72% (Table No 4.12)
20. Using improved wheat seeds for more production of wheat were 86% (Table No 4.13)
21. People were getting sulphur and sulphur tents (25%) from BLSO and dried apricot by
new techniques. By this way they have been getting much income. (Table No 4.14)
34

12
22. After the introduction of BLSO in the area the educational level of the area is going high
and (67%) people were taking more interest to send their childrens to school, as shown
in Table no 4.9.
23. Agricultural changes occurred in the area and 42% respondents were improved their
agricultural production by using new techniques of agriculture (Table No 4.15)
35

12
5.2: Recommendations
1. BLSO had provided facilities to village organizations of the area and trying to strengthen
the chain of village organizations, but mismanagement in some village organizations
became the cause of disunity and the village organizations were not properly active and
effective. It is recommended that there should be a system of check and balance to
decrease the mismanagement and disunity among the village organizations.
2. The BLSO giving different developmental projects to village organizations and there is
no proper system to audit all that activities done by the village organization. It is
recommended that the BLSO should nominate a committee for the audit of the activities
of village organizations.
3. The region is famous about its fruits production, and majority of people are not fully
aware about the quality of produce. It is recommended that marketing specialists should
be trained in all village organizations. So that they could provide marketing informations
and introduces the new techniques in large scale.
4. BLSO had been provided loans to village organizations for the purchase of agricultural
tools and development of nursery projects etc. It is recommended that individual loans
should be provided to members of village organizations with lower interest.
5. Majority of the members did not know about the purpose of savings and its profits, and
they did not know how to use these savings and profits. It is recommended that the field
staff should provide them information about the use of their savings and profits.
6. Due to ignorance majority of the people were not in favor of women participation, in
village organizations and developmental activities. It is recommended that mass media
should be used and adult education centers should be opened for the participation of
women in organizations, so that they can also participate in rural development activities.
36

12
7. BLSO holds managers conference only at the head quarters level after a month and the
majority of them were not participating due to the long distance. It is recommended that
such conferences should be arranged at village organization level every month.
8. BLSO succeeded in the formation of village organizations in majority of villages, but the
field staff is facing difficulties to cover all these village organizations. So it is
recommended that the strength of the professional staff of BLSO should be increased.
37

12
Appendix
Questionnaire
Interview Schedule
1. Name of Respondent ( Optional ) _______________________
2. (a) Male/ Female age groups
(a) Up to 20 (b) 21 to 30 (c) 31 to 40 (d)41 to 50 (e) 51 and above
(b)Sex
(i) Male (ii) Female
3. Marital Status,
(a) Married
4. (a) Are you literate?
(b) Unmarried (c) widow / widower
(a) Yes
(b) No
(b) If Literate to what standard? ______________________________________

5. Type of family
(a) Nuclear
(b) Joint
(C) Extended
6. Total Monthly income of the Head of the Family?

(a) Up to 4000 (b) 4001 to 8000 (c) above 8000
7. No of Dependents in the family?
(a) Adults ___________ (b) Children____________
8. What is your Occupation?
(a) Govt. Servant
(b) Private employee
(c) Businessman
(d) Farmer
(e) Others (please specify) ______________

9. Are you member of this Village Organization?
(a) Yes
(b) No
10. Who motivate you to become a member of this Village Organization?
38
(a) BLSO Officials
(b) Influential person of the Village
(c) Self Interest
(d) others ____

12
11. Does the Village Organization represent the whole Community properly?
(a) Yes
(b) No
12. What are the main functions of your Village Organization? _____________________
13. Mention the Role of your Village Organization in Natural Resources Mobilization?
(a) Land Leveling
(b) Water Channels
(c) Forestation
(d) Others _______

14. Specify the Role of your Village Organization in Human Resource Mobilization?
(a) Training
(b) Skilled Development
(c) Technology
(d) Others ________

15. Are your Village Organization provides the following Infrastructure facilities, if yes are you
satisfied with provided facilities?
Infrastructure facilities
Mobilization
Provided by
Village Organization
Yes
Land leveling
Roads
Parks
Market Establishment
School Building
Tuition Centers
Forestation
Water Tank
Irrigation Water
10
Street pavement
No
Level of Satisfaction
Satisfied
11 Any other
39
Not satisfied

12
16. (i) Does Village Organization provide it services to you for the generation of your income?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(ii) If yes specify them? ________

17. Could you please specify the services which are rendered by BLSO? ___________
18. (i) Did you face any problems before the emergence of BLSO?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(ii) If yes specify in the follows?

(a) Health problems (b) educational problems (c) income/employment
Problems
(d) Others _______
19. (i) Do you think that Social Problems can be decreased with the help of Village
Organization?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(ii) If yes how, explain in detail? _______________

20. (i) Have BLSO brought any improvement through your village Organization on your
income?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(ii) If yes what are those Improvements please explain? __________________

21. Are you satisfied with the activities of your Village Organization?
(a) Yes
(b) No
22. If No what are the Causes? ________

23. What is the category of your Village Organization?
(a) Excellent (b) Normal (c) Dead (d) Default
24. If your Village Organization is in default what are the main Causes? __________
25. (i) Do you get loan through your Village Organization from BLSO?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(ii) If yes return on time?

40
(a) Yes
(b) No

12
(iii) If No what are the main Causes?

(a) Mismanagement (b) V.O inefficiency
(c) others
26. Do you tell about total saving of your Village Organization?

(a) Yes
(b) No
27. How many canals of land have been planted by the help of Village Organization? _________
28. What kind of facilities provided by the BLSO in the field of Livestock? _______
29. (i) Do you get benefit, Seeds supplied by BLSO?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(ii) If yes did the seeds supplied by the Organization prove helpful to
(a) Yes
(b) No
increase production?
30. How many specialists have trained in your Organization through BLSO? ______
31. Are these specialists proving beneficial for your Village Organization?
(a) Yes
(b) No
32. Do you get sulphur tent from BLSO and dried apricot?
(a)Yes
(b) No
33. Are the BLSO giving the basic information about the Marketing of Vegetables and Fruits and
other things?
(a) Yes
(b) No
34. What are the main functions of Village Organization?

(a) Organizing community toward Developmental activities
(b) Organizing community toward specific objectives
(c) Any other
35. Are you satisfied with the women development programs initiated by the Village
Organization?
Programs
Satisfied Not satisfied
Handicapped
Vocational Training Centers
Sewing Machines
Any other
41

12
36.(a) Are you satisfied with the services of BLSO?

(i) Yes
(ii) No
(b) If yes explain in detail? ______________

(c ) If No give suggestions for further improvement?_____________
37. Does the village Organization imposed by BLSO or made their own interest?
(i) Imposed
(ii) interest
38. To what extent the BLSO provided your village organization with financial support? Explain
in detail ___________
39. (i) What projects have been done by your Village organization? _________
(ii) If yes, is this project beneficial for you and your village Organization explain in detail?
40. Are you satisfied with the behavior of BLSO staff?
(a) Yes
42
(b) No

12
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Sept,01,2011- ROLE OF VILLAGE ORGANIZATIONS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UNION