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Notes On Mohrs Circlesand Shear Strength
Notes On Mohrs Circlesand Shear Strength
A
A
0 1 A n
cos
n
sin K K K 1
cos
cos
A
A
sin
n
cos
K K K 2
FH 0 n cos
cos
From (2):
n A tan n A
From (1):
1 A
= n A n A tan 2
n 1 tan 2
cos 2 sin 2
n
cos 2
1 cos 2 n
1
1+cos2
2
2
= cos1 tan
= sincos
1
1
sin 2
2
When the soil sample has confining pressure, 3 , as well as axial pressure, 1 ; the normal
and shear stresses are:
3 1 3 cos 2
n 1
2
2
3 sin 2
n 1
2
Plot of n vs n
The equations for normal and shear stress can be found from the geometry of the circle
3 1 3 cos 2
n 1
2
2
3 sin 2
n 1
2
Shear strength comes from two sources
1. CohesionCohesive shear strength, c
2. Friction Angle of internal friction,
or Angle of shearing resistance
n 1 1 2 1 2 cos 2
n 1 2 sin 2
2 f 90 '
cos 2
2
2
3
n 1
sin 2
2
Strength of Clay
Effective Stress:
'= -u
1'= 1 -u
3'= 3 -u
if 3' > 3 , then,
3'- 3 u is positive
u = negative
c
sin '
3' x c
c
c
sin '
1
3' c
1
sin '
3 0
1 sin '
sin '
3' 3 u c
Suppose,
' = 30o
c 5 psi
1 0.5
0.5
u 5 psi
u 5 psi
In fact, the cohesion in clay (all soils, actually) is due to the negative porewater pressure
in that soil.
Strength of Sand
In the absence of pore water, the strength of sand is due almost entirely to friction.
SAND STRENGTH
Most soils are a mixture of fine and coarse grained sizes so they usually have both c and
properties. How much c depends on whether the sample is loaded slowly enough to
allow the pore water pressure to dissipate. Tests are classified by the rate with which
-Confining pressure
-Deviator stress
are applied.
Rate of Application
Confining
Symbol for
Deviator Stress
Type of Test
Pressure
Test
(drainage permitted
(consolidation
during test)
prior to test)
Q
(UU)
Rapidly
Rapidly
Unconsolidated Undrained c,
(CU)
Slowly
Rapidly
(CD)
Slowly
Slowly
c,
2.
3.
Problem 01
Given : 1 15 kPa
3 5 kPa
c 2 kPa
Find : f 8.45 kPa
f 4.76 kPa
18o
Solution:
r
1 3 15 5
2
f 5cos
5 kPa
f 10 5sin
x
2
tan
2
R sin sin (10 x) 10
sin 5
tan
10sin 2 cos 5
2
5
sin cos
10
10
o
20 :
0.529 0.5
18o :
0.499 0.5
f 5cos 4.76 kPa
f 10 5sin 8.45 kPa
Problem 02
Given : 1 20 kPa
f 9 kPa
f = 7 kPa
Find :
c 2.80 kPa
25o
3 4.54 kPa
Solution:
c 7 9 tan
20 3
r
2
c
7
x
9
tan tan
20 r r sin 9
20 r r 1 sin 9
20 3
20 3
c
sin r
2
tan
2
20 3
20 3
sin c cos
2
2
20 3
20
(1 sin ) 9 K K K K 1
2
20 3
20 3
sin 7 9 tan cos
K K K 2
2
2
From 1 :
R sin
20 3
(1 sin )
2
2(20 9)
20 3
(1 sin )
20-9
From 2 :
3
1 sin 10 1 sin 9sin 7 cos
2
1 sin
sin
cos
3 20
18
14
1 sin
1 sin
1 sin
22
1 sin
20 1 sin 22 20 1 sin 18sin 14 cos
1 sin
1 sin
3 20
2 f
f
1 sin 14
cos
22 2 1 f 1 f
1 sin 7
0.636
cos
11
1 sin 0.636 cos
30o :
1 1.051
29o :
1 1.041
25o :
1 0.999
c 7 9 tan 25o
c 2.80 kPa
22
1 sin 25o
3 4.54 kPa
3 20
Problem 03
Given : 1 20 kPa
f 8 kPa
Find :
c = 3 kPa
3 3.65 kPa
f 7.24 kPa
27.9o
Solution:
f 3 8 tan
K K K 1
20 r r sin 8 K K K 2
20 3
K K K 3
2
3
x
K K K 4
tan
20 3
20 3
3
sin
2
tan
2
20 3
f
cos K K K 6
2
From 2 :
R sin
20 r (1 sin ) 8
20 3
(1 sin ) 8
2
20 3
(1 sin ) 20 8 12
From 5 :
20 3
20
3
sin 3cos
2
2
K K K 5
3
1 sin 3cos 10 10sin 10 1 sin
2
3 1 sin 20 1 sin 6 cos K K K B
3 1 sin 20 1 sin 24
K K K From A
30o :
0.630 0.6
27 :
0.588 0.6
28o :
0.602 0.6
24
1 sin
3 3.65 kPa
Problem 01
Draw the sketch of the Mohrs Circle, marking all that is known and all that is to be found.
Solution:
1 3
2
r cos f
1 3 r sin
2
c
tan
1 3
1 3
c
sin r
2
tan
2
1 3 sin c cos 1 3
2
2
2c
cos
1 3
sin
f
f
1 3
2
1 3
2
1 3
1 3
cos
1 3 sin
2
Problem 02
Given : 1 , f , f
Draw Sketch
Find : c, , 3
Solution:
c f f tan
1 3
2
c
x
tan
r
1 r 1 sin 1 r r 1 sin f 1
1 3
1 sin
2
1 3
3
c
sin 1
2
tan
2
1 f
1 3
(1 sin )
2
1 3
(1 sin )
1 3
3
sin c cos 1
2
2
1
sin 1 c cos 3 (1 sin )
2
2
2
1
1
1 f (1 sin )
sin 1 f f tan cos 1
2
2 1 sin
Then 3 1
And
c=
2
1 f
1 sin
1 3 1
3
1
tan
2
cos
2
f cos f sin
(1 sin )
1 sin 1 sin 1 1 f
2
2
(1 sin )
1
1 sin sin 1 1 f
= 1 2 sin 1 f
2
f cos f sin f 1 1 sin
=
cos
1 sin
1 f
cos
1 sin
Problem 03
Given : 1 , f , c
3, f ,
Solution:
3
r 1
K K K 1
2
c
x
K K K 2
tan
Find :
1 3
3
c
sin 1
2
tan
2
f 1 tan K K K 4
R sin
c
K K K 3
1 3
cos K K K 5
2
3 1 3
f 1
sin K K K 6
2
2
From 6 :
f
1 1
sin 3 3 sin f
2 2
2
2
1 1 sin 3 1 sin 2 f K K K A
From (3):
c cos
1 3 sin 1 3
2
1
sin 1 3 sin 3 0
2
2
2
2
From (A):
3 1 sin 1 1 sin 2 f
From (B):
1 sin
Then, f c f tan
And, 3
2 f 1 1 sin
1 sin
Check Derivation
From(6):
1 3 1
3
sin
2
2
3
f 1 1 3 1
sin
2
2
2
3 1 3
f 1
sin
2
2
f 1 1 sin 3 3 sin
2 2
2
2
f 1
2 f 1 1 sin 3 1 sin
Alternatively,
1 3
1 sin
2
f 1
2 1 f 1 3 1 sin
2 1 f 1 1 sin 3 1 sin
3 1 sin 1 1 sin 2 1 f
3 1 sin 1 1 sin 2c cos
2 1 sin 2 1 f 2c cos
sin
sin
c cos
1
c cos 1 f
1
1