Additional MathematicsChapter 21

CHAPTER

21

1. (a)

Linear Programming

(b)

x<3

y = 2x
y=x+1

0
x=3

(b)

4. (a) y . 3, x , 2 and y < 2x

y = 2x 4

(b) y > 1, y , x and x + y < 6

y  2x 4
x

(c) Equation of OA is y = 2x
1

Equation of OB is y = x
2

Equation of CD is x + y = 6
1
Therefore, y < 2x, y > x and x + y , 6.
2

(c)

31
(d) Equation of AB is y 3 = (x 2)
24

y 3 = x + 2

y = x + 5

y > x + 5
5

21
Equation of BC is y = x + 2
04
1

y = x + 2
4
Therefore, y x 1 < 0, y < x + 5 and
1

y > x + 2.
4

y = x + 5

2. (a) y < 2x + 3
(b) y , x + 2
3. (a)

5. (a) y . x

y=x

(b) y . 2x

y=1

(c) y x . 5

x
0

x
5
y = x + 5

(d) y , x 2

x=3

(e) y < 2x
(f) y > 3x
(g) y < 2x
(h) x + 2y < 10
1

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 21

(i) 2x y > 8

(b) Total number of fruits = x + y

3
x
(j) <
y
4
4x < 3y

(c) (i) Maximum number of fruits bought

= 16 + 30

= 46

(ii) The range of number of oranges

= {y : 0 < y < 26, y [ w}

(k) y . 3x
(l) y < 4x 1

(iii) The range of number of apples

= {x : 8 < x < 40, x [ w}

2
x
(m) <
y
5
5x < 2y

(iv) Cost = 0.5x + 0.4y

The total cost spent = 0.5(20) + 0.4(25)

= 10 + 10

= RM20.00

(n) (2x + 3y) (x + y) , 4

x + 2y , 4
6. (a) (i) Maximum x = 4
(ii) Minimum y = 2

(iii) 2 < y < 4

(iv) The maximum value of x + 2y = 4 + 2(4)

= 12

The minimum value of x + 2y = 2 + 2(2)

=6

1. (a) I: 30x + 30y < 540

3x + 3y < 54

II: 40x + 30y > 480

4x + 3y > 48

(b) (i) Maximum x = 3

1
x

>
III:
y
2
2x > y

(ii) Minimum y = 0

(iii) 1 < y < 5

(iv) The maximum value of x + 2y = 2 + 2(5)

= 12

The minimum value of x + 2y = 0 + 2(0)

=0

(b)
y
18

(c) (i) Maximum x = 4

(ii) Minimum y = 2
(iii) None

(iv) The maximum value of x + 2y = 3 + 2(4)

= 11

The minimum value of x + 2y = 4 + 2(2)

=8

16
y = 2x

14
12
10

3x + 3y = 54

7. (a) x > 8, y < 2x, 0.5x + 0.4y < 20

5x + 4y < 200

50

x=8

y = 2x

4x + 3y = 48

2
2x + y = 2

40

0
2

10

12

14

16

18

(16, 30)

30

(c) (i) Maximum number of cake A produced is 8

20

(ii) Profit = 2x + y


Minimum profit = 2(5) + 10

= RM20.00

5x + 4y = 200

10
x + y = 10

0
10

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20

30

40

Additional MathematicsChapter 21

(c) (i) If the number of students for subject

P is 20, then the range for subject C is
10 < y < 60.

2. (a) x + y > 100, y < 2x, y + 3x < 240

(b)

(ii)

y = 2x
100

80
R
60

4. (a) Let x and y represent the number of science and

mathematics reference books respectively.
I:
x + y 80
II:
y 2x
III:
y x 10
(b)

y + 3x = 240

40
x + y = 100

20
120x + 140y = 1680

0
20

40

60

80

100

90

(c) (i) When y = 45, the maximum value of x = 65

and the minimum value of x = 55

(ii)

Fees = 40x + 20y

The maximum total fees per month
= 40(45) + 20(35)
= 1800 + 700
= RM2500

80

Charges = 120x + 140y

The maximum charges paid
= 120(48) + 140(96)
= RM19 200

x + y = 80

70

y = 2x
y x = 10

60
50

3. (a) x + y < 80, x < 3y, x y < 10

40

(b)

30

80

20

70

x + y = 80

10

x y = 10

60

10
20
4x + 2y = 40

50
40
30

x = 3y

20

x
20

50

60

70

80

(ii) Cost = 4x + 2y

Let 4x + 2y = 40

Total minimum cost

= 4(10) + 2(20)
= 40 + 40
= RM80

10

10

40

(c) (i) The maximum number of mathematics

books that can be bought is 53.

30

30

40

50

60

70

80

40x + 20y = 400

At point (10, 20), the total cost is minimum.

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 21

3. (a) x + y < 200,

1
x

< , that is, 8x < y

y
8
100x + 500y > 10 000, that is, x + 5y > 100

1. (a) x < 80, y < 60, x + y . 30

(b)

(b)

60

y = 60

y = 8x

200

50
40

5x + 2y = 100

150

x = 80

30

20
100
10

x + y = 30
x

0
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

50

x + y = 200

80

20x + 10y = 200

(c) (i)

x + 5y = 100
x

Cost for a piece of alloy = 20x + 10y

The minimum cost of production
= 20(1) + 10(30)
= RM320

50

100

150

200

100x + 50y = 2500

(c) (i) 160 < y < 180

(ii) Profit = 5x + 2y


Maximum profit = 5(80) + 2(60)

= RM520

(ii) Profit = 100x + 50y


The maximum profit = 100(22) + 50(178)

= RM11 100

2. (a) x > 45, y . 40, x + y > 90

y

(b)

90

1. (a)

80

D(2, 8)

70
60
R

50
A(0, 2)
y = 40

40

C(4, 1)

B(0, 1)
0

30
x + y = 90

20
10

Equation of AD is
82
y = x + 2
20
y = 3x + 2

x = 45
x

0
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

(c) (i) 50 ways

(ii) 10 ways

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Additional MathematicsChapter 21

x
1
4. (a) x + y < 40, 50x + 100y > 3000,
y <
2
x + 2y > 60

2x < y
(b)

Equation of CD is
81

y 1 = (x 4)
24
7

y 1 = (x 4)
2
2y + 2 = 7x 28
2y = 7x 30
2y = 7x + 30

40

Therefore, the three inequalities are y . 1,

y < 3x + 2, 2y + 7x < 30.

30

(b) {(0, 2), (1, 5), (2, 8)}

20

2. Equation of line DEFG is

21
y 1 = (x 3)
43
y 1 = x 3
y = x 2

10

2x = y
+

40

x+

20x +

80y =

2y

=6

640

0
10

20

30

40

50

60

(c) (i) From the graph, the minimum number of

adults = 24 people

(ii) Profit = 20x + 80y


Minimum profit = 20(12) + 80(24)

= 240 + 1920

= RM2160

Equation of line ABCD is

43
y = x + 4
01
y = x + 4

Therefore, the three inequalities are y < 4, y > x 2,

y > x + 4.

5. (a) x < 40, x + y > 50, y < 2x,

50x + 100y < 5000
x + 2y < 100
(b)

Maximum value = 4(x + y)

= 4(6 + 4)

= 40

80

3. (a) x + y < 60, x > 10, x < 2y

(b)

70

y = 2x

60

x = 40

x = 10
50
60
40
50

30

40

20

x+

30
x=

2y

y
=
60

=2
00

30

40

50

60

(c) Transportation collection = 20x + 10y

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

(ii) From the graph,
if x = y, 25 < x < 33 and 25 < y < 33

x
20

20

(c) (i) From the graph,

when x = 30, 20 < y < 35

0y

10

x
10

+1

x + y = 50

20x

10

=1

00

10

20

2y

Maximum transportation collection

= 20(40) + 10(20)
= 800 + 200
= RM1000

(iii) From the graph, the maximum number of

commodity B is 40.

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