Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
1. Find all the prime implicants
f (a, b, c, d ) m(0,1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10,14)
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Combining
group 0 and
group 1:
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Combining
group 0 and
group 1:
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1 000-
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Combining
group 0 and
group 1:
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Does it make
group 0
sense to combine
group 0
group 1
with group 2 or 3?
No, there are at
least two bits that
are different.
Column II
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Does it make
group 0
sense to no
combine group 0
group 1
with group 2 or 3?
No, there are at
least two bits that
are different.
Thus, next we
combine group 1
and group 2.
Column II
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
00000-0
-000
0-01
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
00000-0
-000
0-01
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 1
and group 2.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
100-
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
8,10
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
10010-0
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
7 0111
14 1110
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
8,10
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
10010-0
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 2
and group 3.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
8,10
5,7
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
10010-0
01-1
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 2
and group 3.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
8,10
5,7
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
10010-0
01-1
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 2
and group 3.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
8,10
5,7
6,7
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
10010-0
01-1
011-
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 2
and group 3.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
8,10
5,7
6,7
6,14
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
10010-0
01-1
011-110
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 2
and group 3.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
8,10
5,7
6,7
6,14
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
10010-0
01-1
011-110
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 2
and group 3.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
8,10
5,7
6,7
6,14
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
10010-0
01-1
011-110
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Combine group 2
and group 3.
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
8,10
5,7
6,7
6,14
00000-0
-000
0-01
-001
0-10
-010
10010-0
01-1
011-110
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
We have now
completed the
first step. All
minterms in
column I were
included.
We can divide
column II into
groups.
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1 000-
0,2 00-0
0,8 -000
1,5 0-01
1,9 -001
2,6 0-10
2,10 -010
8,9 100-
8,10 10-0
5,7 01-1
6,7 0116,14 -110
10,14 1-10
Column III
0,1,8,9 -00-
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1 000-
0,2 00-0
0,8 -000
1,5 0-01
1,9 -001
2,6 0-10
2,10 -010
8,9 100-
8,10 10-0
5,7 01-1
6,7 0116,14 -110
10,14 1-10
Column III
0,1,8,9 -00-
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1 000-
0,2 00-0
0,8 -000
1,5 0-01
1,9 -001
2,6 0-10
2,10 -010
8,9 100-
8,10 10-0
5,7 01-1
6,7 0116,14 -110
10,14 1-10
Column III
0,1,8,9 -00-
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1 000-
0,2 00-0
0,8 -000
1,5 0-01
1,9 -001
2,6 0-10
2,10 -010
8,9 100-
8,10 10-0
5,7 01-1
6,7 0116,14 -110
10,14 1-10
Column III
0,1,8,9 -00-
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1 000-
0,2 00-0
0,8 -000
1,5 0-01
1,9 -001
2,6 0-10
2,10 -010
8,9 100-
8,10 10-0
5,7 01-1
6,7 0116,14 -110
10,14 1-10
Column III
0,1,8,9 -00-
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1 000-
0,2 00-0
0,8 -000
1,5 0-01
1,9 -001
2,6 0-10
2,10 -010
8,9 100-
8,10 10-0
5,7 01-1
6,7 0116,14 -110
10,14 1-10
Column III
0,1,8,9 -00-
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
0,1 000-
0,2 00-0
0,8 -000
1,5 0-01
1,9 -001
2,6 0-10
2,10 -010
8,9 100-
8,10 10-0
5,7 01-1
6,7 0116,14 -110
10,14 1-10
Column III
0,1,8,9 -00-
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Column II
Column III
0,1 000-
0,2 00-0
0,8 -000
1,5 0-01
1,9 -001
2,6 0-10
2,10 -010
8,9 100-
8,10 10-0
5,7 01-1
6,7 0116,14 -110
10,14 1-10
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
0101
0110
1001
1010
Column II
Column III
0,1 000-
0,2 00-0
0,8 -000
1,5 0-01
1,9 -001
2,6 0-10
2,10 -010
8,9 100-
8,10 10-0
5,7 01-1
6,7 0116,14 -110
10,14 1-10
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
2,6,10,14
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
--10
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
2,6,10,14
2,10,6,14
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
--10
--10
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
2,6,10,14
2,10,6,14
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
--10
--10
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
0101
0110
1001
1010
group 2
5
6
9
10
group 3
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
2,6,10,14
2,10,6,14
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
--10
--10
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
group 3
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
2,6,10,14
2,10,6,14
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
--10
--10
No more combinations
are possible, thus we
stop here.
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
group 3
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
0,8,1,9
0,8,2,10
2,6,10,14
2,10,6,14
-00-0-0
-00-0-0
--10
--10
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
group 3
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
group 3
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
f = acd + abd
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
group 3
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
group 3
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
group 3
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
0 0000
group 1
1 0001
2 0010
8 1000
group 2
group 3
5
6
9
10
0101
0110
1001
1010
7 0111
14 1110
Column III
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
Column I
Column II
group 0
group 1
1
2
8
5
6
9
10
7
14
group 2
group 3
0,1
0,2
0,8
1,5
1,9
2,6
2,10
8,9
8,10
5,7
6,7
6,14
10,14
Column III
0,1,8,9
0,2,8,10
2,6,10,14
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
But, the form below is not minimized, using a
Karnaugh map we can obtain:
f = acd + abd + abc + bc + bd + cd
a
1
d
c
b
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
But, the form below is not minimized, using a
Karnaugh map we can obtain:
f = acd + abd + abc + bc + bd + cd
a
1
d
1
c
b
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
But, the form below is not minimized, using a
Karnaugh map we can obtain:
f = acd + abd + abc + bc + bd + cd
a
1
d
1
c
1
b
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
But, the form below is not minimized, using a
Karnaugh map we can obtain:
f = acd + abd + abc + bc + bd + cd
a
1
1
1
1
1
d
1
c
1
b
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
But, the form below is not minimized, using a
Karnaugh map we can obtain:
f = acd + abd + abc + bc + bd + cd
a
1
1
1
1
1
d
1
c
1
1
b
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
But, the form below is not minimized. Using a
Karnaugh map we can obtain:
f = acd + abd + abc + bc + bd + cd
f (a, b, c, d ) m(0,1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10,14)
1
1
1
1
1
d
1
c
1
1
b
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
But, the form below is not minimized, using a
Karnaugh map we can obtain:
f = acd + abd + abc + bc + bd + cd
a
1
F = abd
1
1
1
d
1
c
1
1
b
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
But, the form below is not minimized, using a
Karnaugh map we can obtain:
f = acd + abd + abc + bc + bd + cd
a
1
F = abd + cd
1
1
1
d
1
c
1
1
b
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
But, the form below is not minimized, using a
Karnaugh map we can obtain:
f = acd + abd + abc + bc + bd + cd
a
1
F = abd + cd + bc
1
1
1
d
1
c
1
1
b
Quine-McCluskey Method
An Example
What are the extra terms in the solution obtained
with the Quine-McCluskey method?
f = acd + abd + abc + bc + bd + cd
a
F = abd + cd + bc
1
1
1
1
1
d
1
1
1
b
Prime Implicants
Prime Implicants
Prime Implicants
Prime Implicants
Prime Implicants
Prime Implicants
Prime Implicants
Prime Implicants