Claris Specialty Injectables Basics (Anatomy and

Physiology)
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Pharmacology Study of Drugs called

Pharmacokinetics - is means what body does to the drug
Pharmacodynamics is means what drugs does to the body
Drug - Any substance used for diagnosis, prevention or treatment of a disease or disorder
in humans and animals
5. Placebo Dummy Drug which is utilized in Clinical Research
6. Route of Drug Administration
a. Enteral Oral, Rectal, Sublingualar
b. Parental Injectables and Topical
7. Route of Elimination Urine and Stools
8. Absorption - The transfer of the drug from its site of administration to the blood stream.
9. Bioavaibility - It is the fraction of administered drug that reaches the main blood
circulation.
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Drug Metabolism
a. Most of the drug given orally undergoes a chemical change (or metabolism) on first
contact with the liver
b. Metabolism is the process of chemical change that acts on all substances entering
the body, including drugs.
11.Distribution - Once drug comes in systemic circulation, it get distributed to various
tissues
12.Elimination - Elimination is the process by which the body throws out the drug, most
often in a form different from the original form taken by the patient
a. Renal / Sweat Gland
13.C max - point where Drug concentration is maximum level
14.T max time required to reach maximum concentration
15.T1/2 Half life of Drug
16.Therapeutic Index The range between minimum effective dose and maximum
tolerated dose
17.Receptor - Specialized target molecule present on the cell surface or intracellularly, that
binds to the drug and mediates its pharmacological actions
18.Affinity - Means liking. Most drugs have liking for a receptor and bind (stick) to them
19.Intrinsic Activity - Perform some action on the cell (produce effect) after binding to the
receptor
20.Agonist Binding with Receptor and do intrinsic activity
21.Antagonist Binding with receptor but no intrinsic activity
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5 Mechanism by which Drugs is showing action
a. Change in Physical Way
b. Change in Chemical Way
c. Action Via Receptor ( H / AC / G)
d. Action via PP / Enzyme (H+K+ATPse)
e. Cytotoxic Action
23.Desired & Undesired Effect
a. Undesired Effect Side Effect and Toxic Effect
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Common Terminology
a. Tolerance
b. Intolerance
c. Nephrotoxicity
d. Hepatotoxicity
e. Neurotoxicity
f. Teratogenicity
g. Photosensitivity
h. Carcinogenicity