Part II: Systems of Linear Equation

Lecturer:
Devvi Sarwinda

Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Course Outline
Elementary Row Operations
Row Echelon and Reduced Row Echelon
Form
Gauss-Jordan Elimination
Homogeneous Linear Systems

Semeter Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Elementary Row Operations

+ +2 =9
+4 3 =1
3 +6 5 =0
1. Solve a system using Augmented Matrix
1 1 2 9
2 4 3 1
3 6 5 0
Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Elementary Row Operations (2)

2. Add -2 times the first row to the second to
obtain
1 1 2
9
0 2 7 17
3 6 5
0
3. Add -3 times the first row to the third to
obtain
1 1
2
9
0 2 7 17
0 3 11
27
Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Elementary Row Operations (3)

4. Multiply the second row by to obtain
1 1
2
9
0 1 7/2 17/2
0 3 11
27
5. Add -3 times the second row to the third to
obtain
1 1
2
9
0 1 7/2 17/2
0 0 1/2
3/2
Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Elementary Row Operations (4)

6. Multiply the third row by -2 to obtain
1 1
2
9
0 1 7/2 17/2
0 0
1
3
7. Add -1 times the second row to the first to
obtain
1 0 11/2
35/2
0 1 7/2 17/2
0 0
1
3
Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Elementary Row Operations (5)

8. Multiply the third row by -2 to obtain
1 1
2
9
0 1 7/2 17/2
0 0
1
3
9. Add -1 times the second row to the first to
obtain
1 0 11/2
35/2
0 1 7/2 17/2
0 0
1
3
Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Elementary Row Operations (6)

10. Add -11/2 times the third row to the first
and 7/3 times the third row to the second to
obtain
1 1
2
9
0 1 7/2 17/2
0 0
1
3
11. Add -1 times the second row to the first to
obtain
1 0 0 1 X=1
0 1 0 2 y=2
0 0 1 3 z=3

Row Echelon and Reduced Row

Echelon Form
Row Echelon Form

Reduced Row Echelon Form

Gauss Jordan Elimination

Principle of Gauss Jordan Method
Metode eliminasi Gauss-Jordan: mengubah matriks
augmented spl ke dalam SPL lain yang ekuivalen
(penyelesaiannya sama) dan penyelesaiannya mudah dilihat,
yaitu matriks augmentednya dalam bentuk eselon baris
tereduksi.
Untuk menjamin bahwa SPL yang diperoleh ekuivalen dengan
spl semula, maka digunakan operasi baris elementer.

Eliminasi Gauss-Jordan
a11 a12 a13 a1n b1
a21 a22 a23 a2n b2
:

am1 am2 am3 amn bm

Augmented matrix A

operasi-operasi
baris elementer

1 0 0 0 0 b1
0 1 0 0 0 b2
:
0 0 0 0 1 bm

Echelon baris tereduksi A

Gauss Jordan Elimination

a11 x1 a12 x2 ... a1 n xn b1
a21 x1 a22 x2 ... a2n xn b2

Given SPL of A

am1 x1 am2 x2 ... amn xn bm

Gauss Jordan Elimination:

a11
a
21

am1

a12

...

a1 n

a22

...

a2n

am2 ... amn

b1
b2

bn

Spl A
(dalam bentuk matriks augmented)

obe

Ri k * Ri
Ri R j
Ri Ri k * R j

1 0 0 b1 '
0 1 0 b '
2

0
0

1
b
'
n

ebt(A) : matriks ekuivalen A

berbentuk ebt

Example
Solve by Gauss-Jordan Elimination:
+3 2 +2 =0
2 + 6 5 2 + 4 3 = 1
5 + 10 + 15 = 5
2 + 6 + 8 + 4 + 18 = 6

Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Example

Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Example

Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Exercises
Solve the linear system by Gauss-Jordan
elimination
a.
+ +2 =8
2 +3 =1
3 7 + 4 = 10
b.

x- + = 1
+
= 2
+

+ =1
3 3 = 3

Homogenous Linear System

Definisi 1.4: Spl homogen

Sistem persamaan linier disebut homogen jika konstanta-konstanta di

sebelah kanan tanda sama dengan (b1, b2, , bn) adalah nol.
a11 x1 a12 x2 a13 x3 ... a1 n xn

a21 x1 a22 x2 a23 x3 ... a2 n xn

am1 x1 am2 x2 am3 x3 ... amn xn

Augmented Matrix
a11
a
21

am1

a12

a13

a1 n

a22

a23

a2n

am2

am3 amn

Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Geometry
x + y =0

0
0

x + 4y = 0

Aljabar Linier Elementer

Solution of Homogenous Linear

System
Every homogeneous system of linear
equations is consistent
All such system have = 0, = 0, . ,
0 as a solution
trivial solution

Semester Ganjil 2015/2016

Aljabar Linier Elementer