You are on page 1of 6

UPEC 2011 46th International Universities' Power Engineering Conference 5-8th September 2011 Soest Germany

5HYLHZRI+3&$SSOLFDWLRQVIRU)XWXUH3RZHU
6\VWHP$QDO\VLV7RROV

0LODQD3OHFDV
8QLYHUVLW\RI6WUDWKFO\GH
*ODVJRZ8QLWHG.LQJGRP
PLODQDSOHFDV#HHHVWUDWKDFXN

,YDQD.RFNDU
8QLYHUVLW\RI6WUDWKFO\GH
*ODVJRZ8QLWHG.LQJGRP
LYDQDNRFNDU#HHHVWUDWKDFXN


ZHOO DV D PRGHUQ OLIHVW\OH 7KLV WUHQG PD\ EH H[SHFWHG WR

$EVWUDFW2QHRIWKHPDMRUFKDOOHQJHVLQWKHHQHUJ\VHFWRULVWR FRQWLQXH LQ SDUWLFXODU WKURXJK WKH PDVV LQWURGXFWLRQ RI
HQVXUH VHFXUH DQG VXVWDLQDEOH HQHUJ\ VXSSO\ $ JURZWK LQ WKH HOHFWULFYHKLFOHVDQGRWKHUZD\VRIWUDQVSRUWHOHFWULILFDWLRQDV
XVDJH RI UHQHZDEOH UHVRXUFHV ZKLFK DUH XVXDOO\ FRQQHFWHG DW ZHOO DV HOHFWULF KHDW SXPS 7KHVH QHZ ORDGV PD\ KDYH D
ORZHU GLVWULEXWLRQ OHYHOV ZLOO OHDG WRZDUGV HOHFWULFLW\ QHWZRUNV VLJQLILFDQW HIIHFW RQ WKH ORDG SURILOH DQG QHWZRUN DQG
WKDW DUH PRUH FRPSOH[ /LNHZLVH WHFKQRORJ\ WKDW ZLOO DOORZ
WKHUHIRUHDQDFWLYHGHPDQGSDUWLFLSDWLRQDVZHOODVXWLOL]DWLRQ
DFWLYH GHPDQG SDUWLFLSDWLRQ KDV EHHQ GHYHORSHG DQG ZRXOG EH
RIWKHVPDUWPHWHUVLVEHFRPLQJHVVHQWLDO
LQWURGXFHGLQQHWZRUNV,WZLOOHQDEOHWKDWWKHSDUWRIWKHSRZHU
+RZHYHU DV WKH SRZHU QHWZRUNV DUH EHFRPLQJ ODUJHU RU
GHPDQG RI DFWLYH FXVWRPHUV FRXOG EH VKLIWHG DZD\ IURP SHDN
SHULRGV 7KLV PHDQV WKDW WKH QXPEHU RI QHWZRUN QRGHV ZLWK PRUHJUDQXODWHGFRPSXWDWLRQWLPHRISRZHUV\VWHPDQDO\VLV
DFWLYH GHYLFHV ZLOO LQFUHDVH UDSLGO\ DIIHFWHG E\ D QXPEHU RI LVEHFRPLQJORQJHUDQGORQJHUVLQFHWKHPRGHOVPD\EHFRPH
GLVWULEXWHG JHQHUDWRUV DQG HYHQ PRUH E\ XWLOL]DWLRQ RI VPDUW PRUHFRPSOH[DQGLQYROYHPRUHFRQWUROYDULDEOHV0RUHRYHU
PHWHUVDQGHOHFWULFYHKLFOHVWKDWFDQDFWERWKDVDFRQVXPHUDQG WKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIPRUHUHQHZDEOHUHVRXUFHVLQWURGXFHVQHZHU
DVDVRXUFHVWRUDJHGHYLFH&RQVHTXHQWO\RSHUDWLRQRIWKHVHQHZ
6PDUW *ULGV ZLOO UHTXLUH D VWHSFKDQJH LQ FDSDELOLWLHV RI FKDOOHQJHV WR SRZHU JULGV EHFDXVH RI WKHLU GLVWULEXWHG DQG
RSHUDWLRQDO WRROV GXH WR D FRQVLGHUDEOH ULVH LQ WKH QXPEHU RI YRODWLOHRXWSXWVZKLFKQHHGWREHFRQWUROOHG
$V D UHVXOW SURYLGLQJ HIILFLHQW DQG UHOLDEOH SRZHU V\VWHP
FRQWURO YDULDEOHV DQG UHGXFHG WLPH LQWHUYDOV EHWZHHQ ZKLFK
JHQHUDWLRQ RXWSXWV DQG SULFHV DUH FDOFXODWHG &DOFXODWLQJ RSHUDWLRQ RI WKHVH PRUH FRPSOH[ DQG PRUH JUDQXODWHG
IUHTXHQWSULFHVDQGSRZHUIORZIRUV\VWHPVZLWKDODUJHQXPEHU QHWZRUNV UHTXLUHV LPSURYHG FRPSXWDWLRQDO HIILFLHQF\ RI
RIQRGHVZLOOUHTXLUHYHU\IDVWFRPSXWDWLRQV
SRZHUV\VWHPDQDO\VLVWRROV2QHRIWKHZD\VWRDFKLHYHWKLV
7KHUHIRUHDVWKHSRZHUJULGQHWZRUNVEHFRPHPRUHJUDQXODWHG
JRDO LV WR XVH WKH +LJK 3HUIRUPDQFH &RPSXWLQJ +3&  WKDW
DQG PRUH LQWHOOLJHQW WKHLU RSHUDWLRQ DQG FRQWURO ZLOO EHFRPH
HYHQ PRUH FKDOOHQJLQJ GXH WR WKH VL]H RI WKH XQGHUOLQJ KDV H[SHULHQFHG D VLJQLILFDQW LPSURYHPHQW LQ WKH ODVW
PDWKHPDWLFDOSUREOHPVWKDWQHHGWREHVROYHGLQYDULRXVSRZHU GHFDGHV
V\VWHPVDQDO\VLVWRROV
6LQFHWKHODVWPDMRUUHYLHZRIWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI+3&DQG
7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKLV SDSHU LV WR UHYLHZ ZD\V LQ ZKLFK +LJK WKHSRZHUV\VWHPVZDVSXEOLVKHGLQ>@DODUJHQXPEHU
3HUIRUPDQFH &RPSXWLQJ +3&  FDQ EH XVHG LQ SRZHU V\VWHP RI DOJRULWKPV DQG PHWKRGV IRU XWLOL]DWLRQ RI +3& LQ WKH
DQDO\VLVDQGGLVFXVVSRVVLEOHIXUWKHUGHYHORSPHQWVLQWKLVILHOG
SRZHU V\VWHPV KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG DQG ERWK ILHOGV KDYH

XQGHUJRQH VLJQLILFDQW FKDQJHV 7KH DLP RI WKLV SDSHU LV WR
,QGH[7HUPV+3&6PDUW*ULG3RZHU6\VWHP$QDO\VLV
SUHVHQWDEULHIRYHUYLHZRIWKH+3&DSSOLFDWLRQLQWKHSRZHU

V\VWHP DQDO\VLV LQ WKH ODVW GHFDGHV DQG LQGLFDWH VRPH RI WKH

QHZGHYHORSPHQWVWKDWZHUHUHFHQWO\VXJJHVWHG
, ,1752'8&7,21
7KHUHPDLQLQJSDUWVRIWKLVSDSHUDUHRUJDQL]HGDVIROORZV
6HFWLRQ,,JLYHVDQRYHUYLHZRIWKHPDLQIHDWXUHVRIWKH+3&

6HFXUH DQG UHOLDEOH GHOLYHU\ RI HQHUJ\ LV H[WUHPHO\ ILHOG ,WV DSSOLFDELOLW\ LQ YDULRXV DUHDV RI SRZHU V\VWHP
LPSRUWDQWIRUPRGHUQVRFLHW\+RZHYHUGXHWRWKHVLJQLILFDQW DQDO\VLVLVGHVFULEHGLQVHFWLRQ,,,ZKLOHWKHFRQFOXVLRQVDUH
JURZWK RI D SRZHU GHPDQG DV ZHOO DV JUDGXDO GHFUHDVH RI GUDZQLQ6HFWLRQ,9
HQHUJ\UHVRXUFHVWKLVWDVNLVEHFRPLQJPRUHFKDOOHQJLQJ

6RIDUZHKDYHPRVWO\EHHQGHSHQGHQWRQWUDGLWLRQDOQRQ 
UHQHZDEOHIRVVLOIXHOV+RZHYHUDPRQJWKHLUZHOIDUHEHQHILWV
,, ,1752'8&7,2172+3&
WR VRFLDO DQG HFRQRPLF GHYHORSPHQW WKH\ KDYH DOVR KDG D
VLJQLILFDQW LQIOXHQFH RQ HQYLURQPHQWDO SROOXWLRQ DQG 
2YHU WKH ODVW GHFDGHV WKH ILHOG RI +3& KDV FKDQJHG
GHJUDGDWLRQ &RQVHTXHQWO\ ILQGLQJ VXVWDLQDEOH DOWHUQDWLYHV
VLJQLILFDQWO\1DPHO\LQ*RUGRQ0RRUHVWDWHGWKDWWKH
KDVEHFRPHDQXUJHQWWDVNRIPRGHUQVRFLHW\2QHDSSURDFK
LV WKH XWLOL]DWLRQ RI ODUJH QXPEHU RI VPDOOHU UHQHZDEOH QXPEHU RI WUDQVLVWRUV WKDW FDQ EH SODFHG LQ DQ LQWHJUDWHG
FLUFXLW ZLOO GRXEOH DSSUR[LPDWHO\ HYHU\ WZR \HDUV >@
JHQHUDWRUVZKLFKDUHXVXDOO\FRQQHFWHGDWORZHUGLVWULEXWLRQ
+RZHYHU DV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ >@ DQG >@ WKH HYROXWLRQ RI
OHYHOV)XUWKHUPRUHHQHUJ\GHPDQGKDVEHHQH[SHULHQFLQJD
FRPSXWHUSHUIRUPDQFHQRORQJHUIROORZV0RRUH
V/DZGXHWR
FRQWLQXRXVVXEVWDQWLDOJURZWKGXHWRLQGXVWULDOXWLOL]DWLRQDV
SK\VLFDO OLPLWDWLRQV RI WKH FXUUHQW FKLS PDQXIDFWXUHV

ISBN 978-3-8007-3402-3 VDE VERLAG GMBH Berlin Offenbach

UPEC 2011 46th International Universities' Power Engineering Conference 5-8th September 2011 Soest Germany

7KHUHIRUH SURFHVVRU GHVLJQHUV KDYH WXUQHG WR WKH QHZ DQG


H[FLWLQJ VROXWLRQV LQ RUGHU WR LPSURYH WKH FRPSXWDWLRQDO
SHUIRUPDQFH,QVWHDGRILPSURYHPHQWLQWKHVLQJOHSURFHVVRU
SHUIRUPDQFH HPHUJHQW WUHQGV LQ WKH +3& LQGXVWU\ LQFOXGH
JULG FRPSXWLQJ PXOWLFRUH FRPSXWLQJ DQG *UDSKLFV
3URFHVVLQJ8QLW *38 FRPSXWLQJ
2QH RI WKH VXJJHVWHG DSSURDFKHV WR WKH +3& LV WKH *ULG
FRPSXWLQJZKLFKSUHVHQWV+3&WHFKQRORJLHVWKDWFKDQJHGWKH
ZD\RIVROYLQJWKHFRPSOH[FRPSXWDWLRQDOSUREOHPV,WUHIHUV
WR D FHQWUDOO\ PDQDJHG EXW IOH[LEOH FRPSXWLQJ HQYLURQPHQW
WKDWFRQVLVWVRIFRQQHFWHGVWRUDJHDQGGDWDDVZHOODV&HQWUDO
3URFHVVLQJ 8QLWV &38  IURP GLIIHUHQW V\VWHPV >@ *ULG
DUFKLWHFWXUH LV EXLOW RQ DQ RSHQ VRXUFH WRROV ZKLFK DOORZ
G\QDPLF FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DFURVV JHRJUDSKLFDOO\ GLVSHUVHG
UHVRXUFHV$OVRLWFDQRSHUDWHRYHUWKH,QWHUQHWRUDQ\RWKHU
VXLWDEOHFRPSXWHUQHWZRUNLQJWHFKQRORJ\6RPHRIWKHPDMRU
DGYDQWDJHV RI JULG FRPSXWLQJ LQFOXGH SDUDOOHO SURFHVVLQJ
YLUWXDO RUJDQL]DWLRQ IRU FROODERUDWLRQ XWLOL]DWLRQ RI LGOH
UHVRXUFHV DFFHVV WR VKDUHG UHVRXUFHV ORDG EDODQFLQJ DQG
PDQDJHPHQW +RZHYHU IRU D ZLGH DGRSWLRQ RI JULG
FRPSXWLQJWKHUHDUHVHYHUDOLVVXHVWKDWQHHGWREHRYHUFRPH
VXFK DV LQWHUSURFHVVRU FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG VHDPOHVV
LQWHJUDWLRQ RYHU KHWHURJHQHRXV UHVRXUFHV 7KHUH DUH
DUJXPHQWV WKDW WKH JULG FRPSXWLQJ FRXOG KDYH SRWHQWLDO
EHQHILWV IRU IXWXUH SRZHU V\VWHP DSSOLFDWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ
PRQLWRULQJ DQG FRQWURO HOHFWULFLW\ PDUNHW DQG SDUWLFLSDWLRQ
UHJXODWLRQ SODQQLQJ UHOLDELOLW\ DQG VHFXULW\ SHUIRUPDQFH
LPSURYHPHQW VFKHGXOLQJ ORDG EDODQFLQJ DQG DYDLODEOH
WUDQVIHU FDSDELOLW\ DV ZHOO DV RWKHU DSSOLFDWLRQV >@
+RZHYHU DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH *ULG &RPSXWLQJ KDV WR EH
HYDOXDWHGWDNLQJLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQWKHQDWXUHRIVRPHSRZHU
V\VWHP DQDO\VLV WKDW DUH XVHG LQ RSHUDWLRQ DV ZHOO DV
FRQVLGHULQJGDWDDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQVVHFXULW\
$ PXOWLFRUH &38 FRQWDLQV WZR RU PRUH FRPSOHWH
IXQFWLRQDO XQLWV DQG LW LV FRQVLGHUHG DV VKDUHG PHPRU\
V\VWHP$OORILWVFRUHVFRPSHWHIRUWKHPHPRU\DFFHVVZKLFK
FDQ EH D SUREOHP EHFDXVH RI WKH OLPLWHG EDQGZLGWK IRU
PHPRU\ DFFHVV &RQVHTXHQWO\ PXOWLFRUH FRPSXWLQJ LV
XVHIXO IRU DQ DSSOLFDWLRQ ZLWK D UHJXODU PHPRU\ DFFHVV
SDWWHUQVXFKDVVSDUVHPDWUL[DQGLUUHJXODUFRPSXWDWLRQV>@
&XUUHQWO\ D JUDSKLFV SURFHVVLQJ XQLW VWDQGV IRU WKH
HPHUJLQJ+3&WUHQGDQGFRQVLGHULQJFRPSXWDWLRQSHUGROODU
SUHVHQWV SUREDEO\ WKH PRVW SRZHUIXO WRROV XVHG IRU JHQHUDO
SXUSRVHSURFHVVLQJ>@,WLVWUDGLWLRQDOO\XVHGWRLQFUHDVHWKH
SHUIRUPDQFH RI JUDSKLF DSSOLFDWLRQV EXW VLQFH D &RPSXWH
8QLILHG 'HYLFH $UFKLWHFWXUH &8'$  ZDV GHYHORSHG E\
19,',$ *38 KDV EHFRPH DFFHVVLEOH WR RWKHU W\SHV RI
DSSOLFDWLRQV >@ 7KXV LWV XWLOL]DWLRQ H[WHQGV IURP WKH
JUDSKLFV SURFHVVLQJ XQLW WR D JHQHUDO SURFHVVLQJ XQLW %RWK
PXOWLFRUH&38DQG*38FRPELQHVHYHUDOFRUHVLQWRRQHGLH
ZKLFK VKDUH WKH VDPH PHPRU\ FKDQQHO +RZHYHU ZKLOH WKH
PXOWLFRUH &38 KDV VWURQJHU FRQWURO FDSDELOLWLHV DQG JUHDWHU
FDFKH V\VWHP *38 KDV WKH PDVVLYHO\ SDUDOOHO DUFKLWHFWXUH
LH WKH ODUJH QXPEHU RI FRPSXWDWLRQDO FRUHV 7KUHDG LV
GHWHUPLQHGDVWKHPLQLPXPH[HFXWHGXQLWLQ*38DQG*38
KLGHV WKH PHPRU\ ODWHQF\ E\ GULYLQJ PDQ\ WKUHDGV WR
FRQFXUUHQWO\ DFFHVV PHPRU\ VR LWV UDWHV RI PHPRU\

EDQGZLGWK LQFUHDVH PRUH WKDQ PHPRU\ UDWHV RI PXOWLFRUH


&38
,QFRQWUDVWWKH*38LVFRQWUROOHGE\WKH&38EXWLWVRZQ
VSHFLILHG LQVWUXFWLRQV DUH UXQ LQGHSHQGHQWO\ IURP WKH &38
>@&38UXQVWKHPDLQSURJUDPDQGVHQGVWDVNV LHNHUQHO
IXQFWLRQV WR*38)ROORZLQJWKDWWKHVHNHUQHOIXQFWLRQVDUH
H[HFXWHGLQSDUDOOHOE\*38WKUHDGV>@&RQVHTXHQWO\*38
FRPSXWDWLRQ SRZHU LV VLJQLILFDQWO\ IDVWHU WKDQ D &38
FRPSXWDWLRQDQG*38FDQGHDOZLWKH[WUHPHO\KLJKIORDWLQJ
SRLQWUDWHVRIFDOFXODWLRQ>@7KLVWHFKQRORJ\LVVXLWDEOHIRU
DQ DSSOLFDWLRQ ZLWK VLPSOH ORJLFDO FRQWUROV DQG EXON
FRQFXUUHQWGDWDFDOFXODWLRQV+RZHYHUZKLOH*38VFDQRIIHU
D JUHDW SHUIRUPDQFH LQFUHDVH RYHU &38V IRU VRPH
DSSOLFDWLRQV WKH\ PD\ QRW QHFHVVDULO\ DOZD\V EH WKH EHVW
FKRLFH
7KHPHDVXUHRIWKH+3&VSHUIRUPDQFHVLVIORDWLQJSRLQW
RSHUDWLRQVSHUVHFRQG )/236 )LUVWVXSHUFRPSXWHUVZKLFK
DFKLHYHGWKHVSHHGRIDERXWPHJDIORSVZHUHEXLOWLQWKH
V6RIDUWKHUHZDVDVLJQLILFDQWJURZWKRIWKHFRPSXWLQJ
SHUIRUPDQFHIURPJLJDIORSVLQWKHVYLDWHUDIORSVLQWKH
V XS WR SHWDIORSV LQ  6LQFH WKH JURZWK RI )/236
GHSHQGV GLUHFWO\ RQ FRPSXWHU DUFKLWHFWXUH FRPSXWHU
GHVLJQHUV KDYH WXUQHG IURP YHFWRU PDFKLQHV WR PDVVLYHO\
SDUDOOHOSURFHVVLQJDQGSDUDOOHOVXSHUFRPSXWHU)XUWKHUPRUH
LQRUGHUWRDFKLHYHWKHH[DIORSVVSHHG ZKLFKLVSUHGLFWHGWR
EHUHDOL]HGE\DQHZFODVVRIFRPSXWHUVLVUHTXLUHGDQG
D KXJH LQFUHDVH LQ SDUDOOHOLVP DV ZHOO DV DQ LPSURYHPHQW RI
FRPSXWHUUHOLDELOLW\DQGSRZHUVXSSO\QHHGVWREHRYHUFRPH
>@


,,, +3&$33/,&$7,216)2532:(56<67(0$1$/<6,6

$VSRZHUJULGVEHFRPHPRUHLQWHOOLJHQWDQGODUJHUWKHLU
RSHUDWLRQZLOOEHFRPHPRUHFRPSOH[7KLVZLOOUHTXLUHEHWWHU
DQG IDVWHU SRZHU V\VWHP DQDO\VLV WRROV ZKRVH FRPSXWDWLRQDO
GHPDQGV ZLOO LQFUHDVLQJ VLJQLILFDQWO\ $V D UHVXOW FRPSOH[
PDWKHPDWLFDO PHWKRGV QHWZRUN WKHRULHV DQG RSWLPL]DWLRQ
PHWKRGVQHHGWREHXVHGLQRUGHUWRVROYHWKHVHSUREOHPV>@
7KHDLPRIWKLVVHFWLRQLVWRUHYLHZ+3&DSSOLFDWLRQIRUIHZ
DUHDVRISRZHUV\VWHPVDQDO\VLV

$ 3RZHU)ORZ

7KH SRZHU IORZ DQDO\VLV LV RQH RI WKH PDMRU WRROV IRU
SRZHU V\VWHP RSHUDWLRQ DQG SODQQLQJ ZKLFK SURYLGHV WKH
VWHDG\ VWDWH FKDUDFWHULVWLF RI WKH ZKROH SRZHU V\VWHP
0DWKHPDWLFDOO\ LW \LHOGV WKH VROXWLRQ RI D VHW RI QRQOLQHDU
DOJHEUDLFSRZHUEDODQFHHTXDWLRQVDVIROORZV

1
3L = 9L 9 M<LM FRV L M LM  L =  1 
 
M =

1
4L = 9L 9 M<LM VLQ L M LM  L =  1 
M =


ISBN 978-3-8007-3402-3 VDE VERLAG GMBH Berlin Offenbach

 

UPEC 2011 46th International Universities' Power Engineering Conference 5-8th September 2011 Soest Germany

ZKHUH 3L  DQG 4L  DUH WKH DFWLYH DQG UHDFWLYH EXV SRZHU 6XEMHFWWR

LQMHFWLRQ 9L DQG 9 M DUHWKHEXVYROWDJHPDJQLWXGHVDWEXVHV

L DQG M  <LM LVWKHHOHPHQWRIWKHEXVDGPLWWDQFHPDWUL[ L 

J [ =  
K [  







 
 


DQG M DUHWKHSKDVHYROWDJHDQJOHVDWQRGH L DQG M  LM LV ZKHUH [  LV WKH YHFWRU RI GHFLVLRQ YDULDEOHV LQFOXGLQJ WKH
FRQWURO DQG GHSHQGHQW VWDWH YDULDEOHV HJ DFWLYH JHQHUDWLRQ
WKHSKDVHDQJOHRIDGPLWWDQFHEXVHOHPHQW <LM EHWZHHQEXVHV RXWSXWV YROWDJH PDJQLWXGHV DQG DQJOHV UHDFWLYH SRZHU
JHQHUDWLRQ WUDQVIRUPHU WDS VHWWLQJV  ) [  LV WKH V\VWHP
L DQG M  1 LVWKHQXPEHURIV\VWHPEXVHV>@
7KHUHDUHDZLGHUDQJHRIGLUHFWDQGLWHUDWLYHPHWKRGVIRU REMHFWLYHIXQFWLRQ HJPLQLPXPJHQHUDWLRQFRVWV HFRQRPLF
VROYLQJWKHUHVXOWLQJQRQOLQHDUV\VWHPRIHTXDWLRQV,QWKHODVW GLVSDWFK  SRZHU ORVV RU EXV YROWDJH GHYLDWLRQ  J [ 
FHQWXU\ D QXPEHU RI HIIHFWLYH LWHUDWLYH VROXWLRQV ZHUH UHSUHVHQWVWKHHTXDOLW\FRQVWUDLQWVZKLFKDUHWKHQRGDOSRZHU
SUHVHQWHG LQFOXGLQJ *DXVV6HLGHO DQG 1HZWRQ5DSKVRQ IORZHTXDWLRQV K [ LQFOXGHVWKHLQHTXDOLW\FRQVWUDLQWVZLWK
PHWKRG7KH\SURYLGHDQDSSUR[LPDWHVROXWLRQDQGGXHWRLWV WKHLUXSSHUDQGORZHUOLPLWVZKLFKUHSUHVHQWV\VWHPVHFXULW\
JRRG FRQYHUJHQFH DQG KLJK VSHHG HIILFLHQF\ WKH 1HZWRQ SK\VLFDOOLPLWDWLRQVDQGUHOLDELOLW\UHVWULFWLRQV>@
5DSKVRQPHWKRGLVWKHPRVWSRSXODUWHFKQLTXHIRUVROYLQJVHW
6LQFHWKH23)ZDVLQWURGXFHGE\&DUSHQWLHULQDV
RIQRQOLQHDUHTXDWLRQVRIWKHSRZHUIORZSUREOHP
DQ HFRQRPLF GLVSDWFK SUREOHP >@ LW KDV EHHQ ZLGHO\
7R LPSURYH FRPSXWDWLRQDO WLPH D SDUDOOHO 1HZWRQ VWXGLHGDQGWKHVHYHUDOFRQYHQWLRQDORSWLPL]DWLRQPHWKRGVDV
*05(6 *HQHUDOL]HG 0LQLPDO 5HVLGXDO  SRZHU IORZ ZHOODVKHXULVWLFRSWLPL]DWLRQPHWKRGVKDYHEHHQSURSRVHGWR
DOJRULWKP LV SURSRVHG LQ >@ 7KLV DOJRULWKP LV RQH RI WKH VROYHWKLVSUREOHP
.U\ORY VXEVSDFH LWHUDWLYH PHWKRGV $ WHVW DUFKLWHFWXUH WKDW
)XUWKHUPRUH D SDUDOOHO 3DUWLFOH 6ZDUP 2SWLPL]DWLRQ
ZDV XVHG FRQVLVWHG RI D FOXVWHU RI VLQJOHSURFHVVRU 362  PHWKRG IRU WKH VROXWLRQ RI WKH 23) LV SUHVHQWHG LQ
ZRUNVWDWLRQVWKDWFRPPXQLFDWHYLD*ELWV(WKHUQHWWKURXJK >@ 7KH GHYHORSHG DOJRULWKP LV EDVHG RQ D 3& FOXVWHU
D PHVVDJH SDVVLQJ GLVWULEXWHGPHPRU\ 0RUHRYHU WKH WHVW V\VWHPZLWK,QWHO3HQWLXP,9*+]SURFHVVRUZLWK0%
SRZHU IORZ FDVHV FRQVLVW RI  DQG  EXVHV 7KH 5$0 7KH V\VWHP REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ ZKLFK LV FRQVLGHUHG LV
VWXG\ GHPRQVWUDWHV JRRG SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH QHZ DOJRULWKP PLQLPL]DWLRQRIIXHOFRVWIRUDOOJHQHUDWRUVDQGWKHWHVWVKDYH
DQGVKRZVWKDWWKHLWHUDWLYHOLQHDUPHWKRGVDUHPRUHVFDODEOH SHUIRUPHGXVLQJWKH,(((EXVWHVWV\VWHP7KHHYDOXDWHG
WKHQ WKH GLUHFW VROYHUV LQ D ]HUR ODWHQF\ QHWZRUN $OVR LW UHVXOWV KDYH GHPRQVWUDWHG WKDW WKH FRPSXWLQJ FRVW FDQ EH
VKRZV WKDW WKH IRUPHU FRXOG DFKLHYH D ELJJHU WKDQ  GHFUHDVHGE\SDUDOOHOSURFHVVLQJ
DFFHOHUDWLRQRIWKHIORSV
$ QHZ PHWKRG IRU WKH VROXWLRQ RI WKH '& 23) LV
7KHZRUNLQ>@XVHVWKHFRPSXWDWLRQDOSRZHURI*38LQ GHYHORSHG LQ >@ ,W GHFRPSRVHV WKH ODUJH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG
RUGHU WR HQKDQFH WKH SURFHVVLQJ RI LWHUDWLYH SRZHU IORZ SRZHU V\VWHP LQWR LQGHSHQGHQW UHJLRQV DURXQG WKH WLHOLQHV
VROYHUV ,W SUHVHQWV D SDUDOOHO DOJRULWKP IRU SRZHU IORZ DQG QRW ERXQGDU\ QRGHV 7KH VROXWLRQV RI WKH UHJLRQDO 23)
DQDO\VLV ZKLFK LV EDVHG RQ &8'$ DQG UXQ RQ *38 7KH VXESUREOHPVDUHFRRUGLQDWHGWKURXJKDSULFLQJPHFKDQLVPLQ
DOJRULWKPHYDOXDWHVWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRI15DQG*DXVV-DFREL RUGHU WR VROYH WKH RULJLQDO 23) SUREOHP ,W LV WKH LWHUDWLYH
*-  LWHUDWLYH PHWKRGV ,W LV FRPSXWHG LQ 0DWODE XVLQJ WKH PHWKRG DQG WLHOLQH LQIRUPDWLRQ LV H[FKDQJHG DW WKH HQG RI
-DFNHW SODWIRUP 7KH WHVWV DUH SHUIRUPHG RQ D IHZ VWDQGDUG HDFK LWHUDWLRQ $OVR WKH SDSHU SUHVHQWV D FRPSOHWHO\
,((( EXV V\VWHPV DQG RQH V\QWKHWLF EXV V\VWHP 7KH\ GHFHQWUDOL]HG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ ZLWKRXW DQ\ FHQWUDO
DUHUXQRQ19,',$7HVOD&*38DQG,QWHO;HRQ4XDG FRRUGLQDWLRQ 7KLV ZRUN LV H[WHQGHG LQ >@ ZKHUH WKH '&
&RUH &38 7KH SDSHU VKRZV JRRG UHVXOWV HVSHFLDOO\ IRU WKH 23) VXESUREOHP LV UHGXFHG DQG DOJRULWKP LV LPSOHPHQWHG
ODUJHVFDOHSRZHUV\VWHPV,WGHPRQVWUDWHVWKHVSHHGXSRIWKH RQ D QHWZRUN RI ZRUNVWDWLRQV XVLQJ WKH 3DUDOOHO 9LUWXDO
H[HFXWLRQWLPHRQ*38RIRYHUWLPHVIRU15DQG*-DQG 0DFKLQH 390  VRIWZDUH (DFK ZRUNVWDWLRQ LV DVVLJQHG WR D
RIHYHQWLPHVIRUWKH-DFRELDQPDWUL[FRPSXWDWLRQ
UHJLRQDO RSHUDWRU DQG D PDVWHU ZRUNVWDWLRQ FKHFN WKH

DOJRULWKP FRQYHUJHQFH 7KH ERWK DOJRULWKPV VKRZ WKDW WKH
FRPSXWDWLRQ WLPHV RI ERWK GHFHQWUDOL]HG DQG FHQWUDOL]HG
% 2SWLPDO3RZHU)ORZ
VROXWLRQV DUH VLPLODU EXW WKH ODWHQF\ LV UHGXFHG LQ WKH

GHFHQWUDOL]HGPRGHO
7KH2SWLPDO3RZHU)ORZ 23) LVD WRROW\SLFDOO\ XVHG
,Q >@ D QHZ VHDPOHVV FRPSXWLQJ PHWKRG LV XVHG WR
LQ RSHUDWLRQ DQG FRQWURO RI SRZHU V\VWHP JHQHUDWLRQ DQG VROYH23)SUREOHP7KLVPHWKRGLVEDVHGRQDJULGSODWIRUP
QHWZRUN ,Q LWV PRVW JHQHUDO IRUP LW LV D KLJKO\ FRQVWUDLQHG DQG LW GLYLGHV WKH HOHFWULF QHWZRUN XVLQJ ERXQGDU\ FXUUHQW
DQGODUJHGLPHQVLRQDOQRQOLQHDURSWLPL]DWLRQSUREOHPXVHGWR HMHFWLQJ PHWKRG 7KHUH DUH FRQVLGHUHG RQO\ HTXDOLW\
PLQLPL]H GHVLUHG REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ ZKLOH VDWLVI\LQJ YDULRXV FRQVWUDLQWV DQG WZR REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQV WKH SRZHU ORVV
HTXDOLW\DQGLQHTXDOLW\FRQVWUDLQWV0DWKHPDWLFDOO\WKH23) PLQLPL]DWLRQ DQG FRVW RI IXHO PLQLPL]DWLRQ 7KH PHWKRG
SUREOHPFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGDV
SHUIRUPDQFHV DUH WHVWHG RQ GLIIHUHQW VL]H RI /DEJULG

2YHUDOOLWZDVGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWWKHWRWDOFRPSXWLQJVSHHGXS
PLQ ) [ 


  DQGHIILFLHQF\ZHUHLPSURYHG



ISBN 978-3-8007-3402-3 VDE VERLAG GMBH Berlin Offenbach

UPEC 2011 46th International Universities' Power Engineering Conference 5-8th September 2011 Soest Germany

& &RQWLQJHQF\$QDO\VLV

' 6WDWH(VWLPDWLRQ

&RQWLQJHQF\ DQDO\VLV &$  LV RQH RI WKH PDLQ IXQFWLRQV


RI SRZHU V\VWHP VHFXULW\ DQDO\VLV ,Q RUGHU WR VDWLVI\ WKH
V\VWHP HIILFLHQF\ DQG UHOLDELOLW\ DV ZHOO DV WR SUHYHQW WKH
EODFNRXWV &$ HYDOXDWHV WKH LPSDFW RI GLIIHUHQW FRPELQDWLRQ
RISRZHUV\VWHPFRPSRQHQWRXWDJHV,WLVEDVHGRQHVWLPDWLQJ
WKHFULWLFDOFRQWLQJHQFLHVDQGFDQVLPXODWHERWKVLQJOHIDLOXUH
HYHQWV DQG PXOWLSOH HTXLSPHQW IDLOXUH HYHQWV &$ SURJUDPV
LQYROYHWZRIXQFWLRQVFRQWLQJHQF\VHOHFWLRQDQGFRQWLQJHQF\
HYDOXDWLRQ 7UDGLWLRQDOO\ LW LV OLPLWHG WR  1   DQDO\VLV
ZKLFK PHDQVWKDW LIRQHRIWKHV\VWHPFRPSRQHQWV IDLOVWKH
V\VWHPKDVVWLOOWRRSHUDWHZLWKLQLWVOLPLWV+RZHYHUVRPHRI
WKHODWHVWGHYHORSPHQWVLQSRZHUJULGRSHUDWLRQLQGLFDWHWKDW
WKHUHLVDQHHGWRFRQVLGHU 1  RUHYHQKLJKHU 1 [ 
DQDO\VLV>@
7KXV WKH ZRUN LQ >@ SURSRVHV WKH FRPSXWDWLRQ RI
 1   FRQWLQJHQF\ DQDO\VLV RQ WKH *38 XVLQJ WKH '&
SRZHUIORZPRGHO$VSDUVHPDWUL[*DXVV-DFRELDQG*DXVV
6HLGHODOJRULWKPDUHXVHGWRVROYHWKHSRZHUIORZHTXDWLRQV
,QDGGLWLRQLQRUGHUWRLPSOHPHQW&$DOJRULWKPRQWKH*38
&J & LQ FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV  SURJUDPPLQJ ODQJXDJH LV
XVHG7KHSURSRVHGDOJRULWKPLVWHVWHGRQWKHVWDQGDUG,(((
EXV V\VWHPV DV ZHOO DV RQ HYROYHG EXV
V\VWHPV 7KH UHVXOWV VKRZ WKDW WKHUH LV D VLJQLILFDQW
LPSURYHPHQW LQ WKH FDOFXODWLRQ WLPH ZKHQ XVLQJ WKH *38
FRPSDUHGWRDVLPLODULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRQWKH&38HVSHFLDOO\
IRUODUJHV\VWHPV
)XUWKHUPRUH WKH SRWHQWLDO RI WKH +3& IRU D PDVVLYH
 1 [  FRQWLQJHQF\ DQDO\VLV LV LQYHVWLJDWHG LQ >@ 7KH
FRPSXWDWLRQDO SHUIRUPDQFHV RI ERWK VWDWLF DQG G\QDPLF
FRPSXWDWLRQDO ORDG EDODQFLQJ DUH DQDO\]HG 7KH\ DUH
LPSOHPHQWHG ZLWK ERWK WKH &RORQ\$ DQG 033 FOXVWHU
PDFKLQHV 7KH IRUPHU KDV  ,WDQLXP +HZOHWW3DFNDUG
+3  QRGHV ZKLFK KDYH WZR *+] SURFHVVRUV *%
PHPRU\ DQG *% GLVN VSDFH ZKLOH WKH ODWWHU KDV  +3
/RQJV 3HDN QRGHV ZLWK GXDO ,QWHO *+] ,WDQLXP
SURFHVVRUV DQG +3V ][ FKLSVHW )XUWKHUPRUH WKH
FRPSXWDWLRQDO SHUIRUPDQFHV DUH WHVWHG RQ WKH EXV
:HVWHUQ (OHFWULFLW\ &RRUGLQDWLQJ &RXQFLO :(&&  V\VWHP
XVLQJ 0HVVDJH 3DVVLQJ ,QWHUIDFH 03,  7KH VWXG\ LQGLFDWHV
WKDW WKHUH LV D VLJQLILFDQW LPSURYHPHQW LQ WKH FRPSXWDWLRQDO
WLPH RI DERXW  WLPHV ZLWK WKH  1   DQDO\VLV DQG
VOLJKWO\OHVVZLWKWKH 1  VFHQDULR
,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH ZRUN LQ >@ GHPRQVWUDWHV D SDUDOOHO
SURFHVVLQJ DSSURDFK WR FRQWLQJHQF\ DQDO\VLV (DFK
FRQWLQJHQF\ LV VKDUHG DFURVV WKH SURFHVVRU DQG DOO SRVVLEOH
VLQJOH OLQH RXWDJHV DUH FRQVLGHUHG 7KLV PHWKRG LV
LPSOHPHQWHGRQD/LQX[&OXVWHUDQG03,LVXVHGIRUVKDULQJ
GDWDEHWZHHQWKHSURFHVVRUV,(((VWDQGDUGWHVWV\VWHPVVXFK
DVEXVEXVEXVEXVDQGEXVDUHXVHGIRU
DQ HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH PHWKRG SHUIRUPDQFHV ,W LV VKRZQ WKDW
WKH SDUDOOHO SURFHVVLQJ DSSURDFK GRHV QRW LPSURYH WKH
SHUIRUPDQFHV IRU VPDOO V\VWHPV +RZHYHU WKHUH LV D
VLJQLILFDQWGHFUHDVHLQWKHH[HFXWLRQWLPHIRUODUJHV\VWHPV


6WDWHHVWLPDWLRQLVRQHRIWKHPDMRU(QHUJ\0DQDJHPHQW
6\VWHP (06  IXQFWLRQV RI WKH V\VWHP FRQWURO DQG VWDELOLW\
DQDO\VLV,WJHQHUDWHVWKHFXUUHQWSRZHUJULGVWDWXVDVZHOODV
LQSXWV IRU RWKHU RSHUDWLRQDO WRROV VXFK DV FRQWLQJHQF\
DQDO\VLV RSWLPDO SRZHU IORZ DQG HFRQRPLF GLVSDWFK 7KH
SXUSRVH RI VWDWH HVWLPDWLRQ LV WR HVWLPDWH WKH YROWDJH
PDJQLWXGHDQGDQJOHVDWDOOEXVHVRIDSRZHUV\VWHPIURPWKH
DYDLODEOH PHDVXUHPHQWV DFFRUGLQJ WR VRPH FULWHULRQ 7KHVH
DYDLODEOH UHDO WLPH PHDVXUHPHQWV DUH UHFHLYHG IURP D
6XSHUYLVRU\&RQWURO$QG'DWD$FTXLVLWLRQ 6&$'$ V\VWHP
DQG LQFOXGH OLQH IORZV QRGH LQMHFWLRQV DQG YROWDJH
PDJQLWXGHV0RUHRYHUWKHPRVWFRPPRQXVHGFULWHULRQVDUH
WKHPD[LPXPOLNHOLKRRGFULWHULRQWKHZHLJKWHGOHDVWVTXDUHV
FULWHULRQ DQG WKH PLQLPXP YDULDQFH FULWHULRQ
0DWKHPDWLFDOO\ WKH VWDWH HVWLPDWLRQ SUREOHP FDQ EH
UHSUHVHQWHGDV

] = K [ + H 


 

ZKHUH ] LVWKH P  PHDVXUHPHQWYHFWRU [ LVWKH Q  
WUXHVWDWHYHFWRU K [ LVWKH P  VWDWHHTXDWLRQYHFWRU H 
LVWKH P  PHDVXUHPHQWHUURUYHFWRU P LVWKHQXPEHURI
PHDVXUHPHQWV Q LVWKHQXPEHURIVWDWHYDULDEOHV
7KHVWDWHHVWLPDWLRQFRQFHSWZDVLQWURGXFHGLQWRWKHILHOG
RI SRZHU V\VWHPV E\ 6FKZHSSH LQ WKH HDUO\ V DQG D
QXPEHURIPHWKRGVKDYHEHHQSURSRVHGWRFDOFXODWHWKHVWDWH
YHFWRU7UDGLWLRQDOO\WKHVWDWHHVWLPDWLRQLVEDVHGRQDVWHDG\
VWDWH V\VWHP PRGHO DQG WKH VWDWLF VWDWH YHFWRU %XV YROWDJHV
DQGSKDVHDQJOHVFDQEHREWDLQHGRQO\LQDQLQWHUYDORIDIHZ
PLQXWHVEHFDXVHWKH6&$'$GDWDLVQRWDEOHWRFDSWXUHJULG
G\QDPLFV+RZHYHUGXHWRWKHFKDQJHVLQWKHORDGWKHUHDO
WLPH SRZHU V\VWHP VWDQGV IRU YHU\ G\QDPLF V\VWHP
7KHUHIRUH VWDWH HVWLPDWLRQ QHHG WR EH SHUIRUPHG DW VKRUW
LQWHUYDOV RI WLPH LQ RUGHU WR HVWLPDWH G\QDPLF VWDWHV HJ
JHQHUDWRU VSHHG DQG URWRU DQJOH &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH G\QDPLF
VWDWHHVWLPDWLRQWHFKQLTXHVZKLFKFDQSUHGLFWWKHV\VWHPVWDWH
RQHVWHSIRUZDUGKDYHDOVREHHQGHYHORSHG>@
$ KHXULVWLF SDUDOOHO SDUWLFOH VZDUP RSWLPL]DWLRQ PHWKRG
IRUVROYLQJWKHSRZHUV\VWHPVWDWHHVWLPDWLRQLVSUHVHQWHGLQ
>@7KHSURSRVHGDOJRULWKPLVSDUDOOHOHGE\WKH3&FOXVWHU
V\VWHP ZKLFK LV FRQVLVWHG RI  ,QWHO &RUH  'XR *+]
SURFHVVRUV 7KH HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI WKH SURSRVHG DOJRULWKP LV
YHULILHGZLWKVLPXODWLRQRQWKH,(((EXVV\VWHPDQGWKH
JDLQHG UHVXOWV VKRZ WKH VSHHGXS RI  WLPHV IRU WKH
LPSOHPHQWHGPHWKRG
7KH ZRUN LQ>@H[DPLQHGWKH XWLOL]DWLRQRI+3&WRWKH
([WHQGHG .DOPDQ )LOWHU (.)  WHFKQRORJ\ IRU D G\QDPLF
VWDWH HVWLPDWLRQ SURFHVV ,Q RUGHU WR UXQ WKH DOJRULWKP RQ
PXOWLSOH SURFHVVRUV WKHUH LV XVHG 2SHQ03 $SSOLFDWLRQ
3URJUDP,QWHUIDFH $3, )ROORZLQJWKHHYDOXDWHGDOJRULWKP
LV WHVWHG RQ D VLQJOH TXDGFRUH ;HRQ ( PDFKLQH ZLWK 
FRUHV ZKLFK UXQ DW *+] DQG XVH *% RI VKDUHG
PHPRU\$VWKHWHVWFDVHVWKHUHDUHXVHGDQG
PDFKLQH PRGHOV DQG WKH UHVXOWV SURSRVHG WKDW WKHUH DUH

ISBN 978-3-8007-3402-3 VDE VERLAG GMBH Berlin Offenbach

UPEC 2011 46th International Universities' Power Engineering Conference 5-8th September 2011 Soest Germany

HYLGHQW UHGXFWLRQV LQ FRPSXWDWLRQDO WLPHV HVSHFLDOO\ DV WKH WKDW+3&KROGVDSURPLVHRIH[SDQVLRQRIWKHFRPSXWDWLRQDO


UHVRXUFH
VL]HRIWKHV\VWHPLQFUHDVHV


( 7UDQVLHQW6WDELOLW\

$&.12:/('*0(176

7UDQVLHQW VWDELOLW\ VWXG\ KDV DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH LQ


SODQQLQJ RSHUDWLRQ DQG FRQWURO RI WKH SRZHU V\VWHPV ,W
GHVFULEHV DELOLW\ RI WKH SRZHU V\VWHP WR PDLQWDLQ
V\QFKURQLVP ZKHQ WKHUH DUH GLIIHUHQW WUDQVLHQW GLVWXUEDQFHV
VXFK DV D IDXOW RQ WUDQVPLVVLRQ IDFLOLWLHV ORVV RI JHQHUDWLRQ
ORVV RI D ODUJH ORDG OLQHVZLWFKLQJ RSHUDWLRQV DQG VXGGHQ
FKDQJHV 'XH WR WKHVH GLVWXUEDQFHV JHQHUDWRU URWRU DQJOHV
SRZHU IORZV EXV YROWDJHV DQG RWKHU V\VWHP YDULDEOHV
H[SHULHQFH D ODUJH H[FXUVLRQ 0DWKHPDWLFDOO\ WUDQVLHQW
VWDELOLW\ VWXG\ FDQ EH SUHVHQWHG DV D VHW RI QRQOLQHDU
GLIIHUHQWLDODOJHEUDLFHTXDWLRQV '$( /DUJHV\VWHPDQDO\VLV
FRQVLVWV RI WKRXVDQGV RI WKHVH HTXDWLRQV VR ILQGLQJ WKH
VROXWLRQ RI WKLV HTXDWLRQ VHW LQYROYHV KXJH FRPSXWDWLRQDOO\
HIIRUW
7UDQVLHQWVWDELOLW\VWXG\EHFDPHSRSXODULQWKHVDQG
VLQFH WKHQ VHYHUDO DSSURDFKHV KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG WR GHDO
ZLWKWKHVHJUHDWFRPSXWDWLRQDOGHPDQGVLQWKHUHDOWLPH>@
7KHZRUNLQ>@XVHV*38FRPSXWDWLRQDODGYDQWDJHVWR
GHDO ZLWK WUDQVLHQW VWDELOLW\ DQDO\VLV IRU ODUJHVFDOH V\VWHPV
,QRUGHUWRPDNHDK\EULG*38&38VLPXODWRUWKHUHDUHXVHG
19,',$ *H)RUFH *7; DQG D TXDGFRUH $0' 3KHQRP
&38 6LPXODWRU DFFXUDF\ DQG HIILFLHQF\ DUH YDOLGDWHG 7KH
IRUPHULVYHULILHGE\FRPSDULQJREWDLQHGUHVXOWVZLWKUHVXOWV
IURPWKH366(VRIWZDUH$VUHJDUGWKHODWWHUWKHUHDUHXVHG
WKH ,((( 1HZ (QJODQG V\VWHP ZLWK GLIIHUHQW QXPEHU RI
EXVHV ,W LV VKRZQ WKDW WKH DOJRULWKP DFFXUDF\ LV YHU\ JRRG
DQGWKHUHLVDFKLHYHGWKHVSHHGXSDERXWWLPHV
)XUWKHUPRUH D VSDWLDO SDUDOOHO DOJRULWKP IRU WUDQVLHQW
VWDELOLW\ VLPXODWLRQ LV GHYHORSHG LQ >@ 7KH DLP RI WKLV
DOJRULWKP LV WR FDOFXODWH WUDQVLHQW VWDELOLW\ RI ZKROH SRZHU
V\VWHP ZKLFK ZDV SUHYLRXVO\ GLYLGHG LQWR VXEV\VWHPV DQG D
KDUPRQ\ V\VWHP 7KH DOJRULWKP LV YDOLGDWHG RQ WKH ODUJH
SRZHUV\VWHPRIWKHQRUWK&KLQDXVLQJDQ,%0&OXVWHU
6LQFHWKHKLJKLPSURYHPHQWLQFDOFXODWLRQWLPHLVREWDLQHGLW
LVVKRZQWKDWWKLVDOJRULWKPLVVXLWDEOHIRUUHDOWLPHWUDQVLHQW
VWDELOLW\VLPXODWLRQIRUODUJHSRZHUV\VWHPV


$XWKRUV ZRXOG DOVR OLNH WR WKDQN WKH (365& IRU WKHLU
ILQDQFLDOVXSSRUWRIWKH1RYHO$V\QFKURQRXV$OJRULWKPVDQG
6RIWZDUH IRU /DUJH 6SDUVH 6\VWHPV SURMHFW XQGHU JUDQW
QXPEHU(3,


,9 &21&/86,216
5HFHQWO\ +3& KDVEHHQUHFRJQL]HGDVWKH PRVWHIILFLHQW
DQGHIIHFWLYHPHDQVWRLPSURYHSHUIRUPDQFHRISRZHUV\VWHP
DQDO\VLV WRROV .HHSLQJ LQ PLQG LWV LPSRUWDQFH IRU ERWK
FXUUHQW DQG IXWXUH ZRUN WKLV SDSHU LQYHVWLJDWHV WKH SRWHQWLDO
RIDQXWLOL]DWLRQRIWKH+3&DSSOLFDWLRQVIRULPSURYHPHQWRI
WKH SRZHU V\VWHPV $OWKRXJK WKLV ZRUN SUHVHQWV D VKRUW DQG
QRWH[KDXVWLYHOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZLWLVVKRZQWKDWVXLWDEOH+3&
SODWIRUPVFDQVLJQLILFDQWO\LPSURYHSRZHUV\VWHPRSHUDWLRQ
DQDO\VLV DQG FRQWURO 7KH\ FRQWULEXWH WR PXFK IDVWHU VROYLQJ
RIWKHJULGRSHUDWLRQIXQFWLRQVDVZHOODVDOORZWKHLQWHJUDWLRQ
RI WKH G\QDPLF DQDO\VLV LQWR WKH UHDOWLPH JULG RSHUDWLRQ
HVSHFLDOO\IRUODUJHVFDOHV\VWHPV$OVRLWLVVKRZQWKDWWKHUH
LVDJUHDWSRWHQWLDO IRUIXUWKHULPSURYHPHQWDQGLWLVHYLGHQW

5()(5(1&(6
>@ ' 0 )DOFDR +LJK SHUIRUPDQFH FRPSXWLQJ LQ SRZHU V\VWHP
DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ 9(&3$5  6HOHFWHG SDSHUV IURP WKH 6HFRQG
,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ 9HFWRU DQG 3DUDOOHO 3URFHVVLQJ SS 
/RQGRQ8.6SULQJHU9HUODJ
>@ ( 0RRUH &UDPPLQJ PRUH FRPSRQHQWV RQWR LQWHJUDWHG FLUFXLWV
*RUGRQ(OHFWURQYROQRSS$SU
>@ =+XDQJDQG-1LHSORFKD7UDQVIRUPLQJ3RZHU*ULG2SHUDWLRQVYLD
+LJK3HUIRUPDQFH&RPSXWLQJLQ,(((3RZHUDQG(QHUJ\6RFLHW\*HQHUDO
0HHWLQJ3LWWVEXUJK3$86$-XO\
>@ * 9DFHN ' 0XOODOO\ DQG . &KULVWHQVHQ 7UHQGV LQ +LJK
3HUIRUPDQFH &RPSXWLQJ 5HTXLUHPHQWV IRU &RPSXWHU$LGHG 'UXJ 'HVLJQ
&XUUHQW &RPSXWHU  $LGHG 'UXJ 'HVLJQ 9RO  1R  SS  0DUFK

>@ 0 $OL = < 'RQJ DQG ; /L $SSOLFDWLRQV RI JULG FRPSXWLQJ LQ
SRZHU V\VWHPV LQ 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH $XVWUDODVLDQ 8QLYHUVLWLHV 3RZHU
(QJLQHHULQJ&RQIHUHQFH+REDUW7DVPDQLD$XVWUDOLD6HSWHPEHU
>@ -'RQJDUUD7UHQGVLQ+LJK3HUIRUPDQFH&RPSXWLQJ,(((&LUFXLWV
DQG'HYLFHV0DJD]LQH-DQXDU\)HEUXDU\
>@ 0 ,UYLQJ * 7D\ORU DQG 3 +REVRQ 3OXJ LQ WR JULG FRPSXWLQJ
,(((3RZHUDQG(QHUJ\0DJD]LQHYROQRSS0DUFK
>@ $*RSDO'&SRZHUIORZEDVHGFRQWLQJHQF\DQDO\VLVXVLQJJUDSKLFV
SURFHVVLQJ XQLWV 0DVWHUV WKHVLV 'UH[HO 8QLYHUVLW\ 3KLODGHOSKLD 3$
0DUFK
>@ 19,',$KWWSZZZQYLGLDFRPREMHFWFXGDBRSHQFOBQHZKWPO
>@ 9 - 0DUDQGL DQG 9 'LQDYDKL /DUJHVFDOH WUDQVLHQW VWDELOLW\
VLPXODWLRQRQJUDSKLFVSURFHVVLQJXQLWVSS-XO\
>@ -6LQJKDQG,$UXQL$FFHOHUDWLQJ3RZHU)ORZVWXGLHVRQ*UDSKLFV
3URFHVVLQJ8QLWLQ3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH$QQXDO,(((,QGLD&RQIHUHQFH
,1',&21 SS'HFHPEHU
>@ 723ZZZWRSRUJ
>@ '2(   /HDS WR WKH H[WUHPH VFDOH FRXOG EUHDN VFLHQFH
ERXQGDULHV$YDLODEOHDW
KWWSDVFUGLVFRYHU\VFLHQFHGRHJRYIHDWXUHH[DBRYVKWPO
>@ -==KX2SWLPL]DWLRQRI3RZHU6\VWHP2SHUDWLRQ:LOH\
>@ ) 7X DQG $ )OXHFN $ 0HVVDJH3DVVLQJ 'LVWULEXWHG0HPRU\
1HZWRQ*05(6 3DUDOOHO 3RZHU )ORZ $OJRULWKP LQ ,((( 3RZHU
(QJLQHHULQJ 6RFLHW\ 6XPPHU 0HHWLQJ  YRO  SS  -XO\

>@ 7 2UIDQRJLDQQL DQG 5 %DFKHU ,QFUHDVHG 23) FRGH GHYHORSPHQW
HIILFLHQF\ E\ LQWHJUDWLRQ RI JHQHUDO SXUSRVH RSWLPL]DWLRQ DQG GHULYDWLYH
FRPSXWDWLRQWRROV3RZHU6\VWHPV,(((7UDQVDFWLRQVRQSSYRO
LVVXH$XJXVW
>@ -&DUSHQWLHU&RQWULEXWLRQWRWKH(FRQRPLF'LVSDWFKSUREOHP%XOO
6RF)UDQFH(OHFWYROSS$XJXVW
>@ -<.LP+0-HRQJ+6/HHDQG-+3DUN3&FOXVWHUEDVHG
SDUDOOHO362DOJRULWKPIRURSWLPDOSRZHUIORZLQ,QWHOO6\VWHP$SSOLFDWLRQ
WR3RZHU6\VWHP,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQYRO  SS
>@ $*%DNLUW]LVDQG31%LVNDV$GHFHQWUDOL]HGVROXWLRQWRWKH'&
23) RI LQWHUFRQQHFWHG SRZHU V\VWHPV ,((( 7UDQVRQ 3RZHU6\VWHP YRO
SS$XJXVW
>@ 3 1 %LVNDV $ * %DNLUW]LV 1 , 0DFKHUDV DQG 1 . 3DVLDOLV $
GHFHQWUDOL]HG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI '& RSWLPDO SRZHU IORZ RQ D QHWZRUN RI
FRPSXWHUV ,((( 7UDQV RQ 3RZHU 6\VWHP YRO  SS )HEUXDU\


ISBN 978-3-8007-3402-3 VDE VERLAG GMBH Berlin Offenbach

UPEC 2011 46th International Universities' Power Engineering Conference 5-8th September 2011 Soest Germany

>@ ) +XDOLDQJ 0 &KHQJ[LRQJ = %XKDQ DQG / -LPLQJ 7KH JULG
FRPSXWLQJPRGHOIRU23)8QLYHUVLW\SRZHUHQJLQHHULQJFRQIHUHQFH
1HZFDVWOH8.6HS
>@ $-:RRGDQG%):ROOHQEHUJ3RZHU*HQHUDWLRQ2SHUDWLRQDQG
&RQWUROQGHGLWLRQ-RKQ:LOH\DQG6RQV,QF
>@ =+XDQJ<&KHQDQG-1LHSORFKD0DVVLYH&RQWLQJHQF\$QDO\VLV
ZLWK +LJK 3HUIRUPDQFH &RPSXWLQJ LQ ,((( 3RZHU (QJLQHHULQJ 6RFLHW\
*HQHUDO0HHWLQJ&DOJDU\&DQDGD-XO\
>@ * $ (]KLODUDVL . 6 6ZDUXS 3DUDOOHO FRQWLQJHQF\ DQDO\VLV LQ D
KLJKSHUIRUPDQFHFRPSXWLQJHQYLURQPHQW3RZHU6\VWHPV,&36

,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQSS'HF
>@ 156KLYDNXPDUDQG$-DLQ$5HYLHZRI3RZHU6\VWHP'\QDPLF
6WDWH (VWLPDWLRQ 7HFKQLTXHV 3RZHU 6\VWHP 7HFKQRORJ\ DQG ,((( 3RZHU
,QGLD&RQIHUHQFH32:(5&21-RLQW,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH
RQSS2FWREHU
>@ +0-HRQJ+6/HHDQG-+3DUN$SSOLFDWLRQRI3DUDOOHO3DUWLFOH
6ZDUP 2SWLPL]DWLRQ RQ 3RZHU 6\VWHP 6WDWH (VWLPDWLRQ 3URF RI ,(((
7UDQVP? 'LVWULE$VLD&RQIHUHQFH
>@ . 6FKQHLGHU = +XDQJ % <DQJ 0 +DXHU DQG < 1LHSORFKD
'\QDPLF VWDWH HVWLPDWLRQ XWLOL]LQJ KLJK SHUIRUPDQFH FRPSXWLQJ PHWKRGV
3RZHU6\VWHPV&RQIHUHQFHDQG([SRVLWLRQ36&(
,(((3(6SS
0DUFK
>@ 3 .XQGXU 3RZHU V\VWHP VWDELOLW\ DQG FRQWURO 0F*UDZ +LOO ,QF
1HZ<RUN
>@ - <H = /LX DQG / =KX 7KH ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI D 6SDWLDO 3DUDOOHO
$OJRULWKP IRU 7UDQVLHQW 6WDELOLW\ 6LPXODWLRQ RQ 3& &OXVWHU ,QGXVWULDO
(OHFWURQLFV DQG $SSOLFDWLRQV,&,($QG ,((( &RQIHUHQFHRQ
SS0D\


ISBN 978-3-8007-3402-3 VDE VERLAG GMBH Berlin Offenbach

You might also like