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    Culture can be defined in several ways, but generally refers to the customs, beliefs, and values that are learned and shared by members of a society. It includes both material elements like physical objects as well as non-material elements like language, beliefs, values, and norms. Culture is learned through social interaction, shared among members of a group, cumulative as it grows over time, and dynamic as it changes. It serves important functions like helping humans adapt to their environment, compensate for physical limitations, and regulate collective existence through prescribing behavioral patterns. Key cultural concepts include ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, subculture, and culture shock.

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    Culture can be defined in several ways, but generally refers to the customs, beliefs, and values that are learned and shared by members of a society. It includes both material elements like physical objects as well as non-material elements like language, beliefs, values, and norms. Culture is learned through social interaction, shared among members of a group, cumulative as it grows over time, and dynamic as it changes. It serves important functions like helping humans adapt to their environment, compensate for physical limitations, and regulate collective existence through prescribing behavioral patterns. Key cultural concepts include ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, subculture, and culture shock.

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    6 views2 pages

    Sample Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    James Ren
    Culture can be defined in several ways, but generally refers to the customs, beliefs, and values that are learned and shared by members of a society. It includes both material elements like physical objects as well as non-material elements like language, beliefs, values, and norms. Culture is learned through social interaction, shared among members of a group, cumulative as it grows over time, and dynamic as it changes. It serves important functions like helping humans adapt to their environment, compensate for physical limitations, and regulate collective existence through prescribing behavioral patterns. Key cultural concepts include ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, subculture, and culture shock.

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    of 2

    CULTURE

    1. MEANING/DEFINITIONS
    -

    From LATIN CULTURA/CULTUS meaning CARE/CULTIVATION

    A. FROM DIFFERENT PEOPLE


    i.

    Kornblum- All modes of thought, behavior, and production handed


    down from one generation to the next by communication

    ii.

    Edward B. Taylor (Englishman)- a complex whole which includes


    knowledge, beliefs etc. acquired by man as member of society

    iii.

    Down- all learned behaviors are a product of cognition

    iv.

    Brinkerhoff and White- total way of life shared by members in


    society

    v.

    Panopio- groups customary ways of behaving, thinking and feeling

    vi.

    Landis- a complex set of of learned and shared beliefs, customs


    common to a society

    vii.

    Broom and Selznick- something shared in terms of thinking,


    believing, perceiving and evaluating
    CULTURE: THE SUM TOTAL OF HUMAN CREATION WHICH IS HANDED
    DOWN FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION
    CULTURE: A PRODUCT OF HUMAN EVOLUTION AND A SUPLLEMENT
    TO IT; A MEANS OF HUMAN ADAPTATION TO THE WORLD

    2. ELEMENTS
    i.
    ii.

    MATERIAL- physical objects


    NON-MATERIAL- carriers of culture
    a. LANGUAGE highly complex systems of symbols (symbol:
    the very foundation of culture); how ideas, values etc. are
    transmitted, shared, expressed
    b. BELIEFS how people perceive reality
    c. VALUES shared ideas about desirable goals; worth and
    desirability; an abstract of what is important and worthwhile
    d. NORMS shared rules of conduct; specific rules of behavior
    a) Mores strong ideas of right and wrong; highly
    respected and valued standards of conduct; vital,
    essential, obligatory
    b) Folkways customary, normal and habitual ways of
    doing things; accumulated and repetitive
    c) Laws formal norms; enforced and sanctioned by
    authority

    3. CHARACTERISTICS
    i.

    Culture is LEARNED. (through interaction)

    ii.

    Culture is SHARED.

    iii.

    Culture is CUMULATIVE. (can grow and expand)

    iv.

    Culture is DYNAMIC.

    v.

    Culture is DIVERSE.

    4. FUNCTIONS
    i.

    Helps people adapt to the demands of the surrounding physical


    environment.

    ii.

    Compensates for many human physical limitations.

    iii.

    Provides ways and means to regulate human collective existence.

    iv.

    Prescribes behavioral patterns.

    5. CULTURAL CONCEPTS
    i.

    Ethnocentrism

    ii.

    Cultural Relativism

    iii.

    Xenocentrism

    iv.

    Temporocentrism

    v.

    Subculture

    vi.

    Counter-culture

    vii.

    Culture Universal

    viii.

    Culture Lag

    ix.

    Culture Shock

    x.

    Cultural Integration

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