UCSP Reviewer
verbal and non-verbal communication
Culture - It refers to the totality of what man
has learned as a member of society.
Society - A group of people who lived in a
particular social system.
Sociology - Scientific study of patterned,shared
human behavior.
Cultural Relativism- The principle that an
individual, person's beliefs and activities should
be understood by others in terms of that
individual's own culture.
Knowledge - it refers to any information
perceived and received.
Human Cultural Variation- Refers to the
differences in the sociall behaviors that
different cultures exhibit around the world.
Social Differences- Differences among the
individuals on the basis of the socia
characteristics and qualities
Social Change- Refers tro adopting a new belief
or a way of behaving which then becomes
widely accepted as the norm.
Political Identity - Refers to a specific political
party affilation.
Ethnocentrism- The emotional attituedthay
one's own race,nation or culture is superior to
all others.
Cultural Variation- refers to differences in social
behaviors that dif. cultures that exhibit the
world.
"Change is the only permanent thing in the
world"- Heraclitus
Personal Identity - Is the concept you develop
about yourself that evolves over the course of
your life.
Nation-state - a nation-state is a sovereign state
whose citizens or subjects have a common
culture.
Significance of Studying Culture
1) Adaption and Integration -able to adapt and
integrate himself to his environment to survive.
2)Patterns of Acceptable Social Behavior-
establishes acceptable behaviors such as
etiquette,protocols, good manners and right
conduct.
3)Conveys and facilitates meaning - through
4)Production of Man-made things- produces
things such as
clothes,tools,machine,structures,etc. made
possible by technological know how.
5) Human satisfaction- contribute to overall
human satisfaction as we develop ways to make
life more enjoyable,comfortable and easier.
Significance of Studying Society
1)Representation of our identity
2)Characterize the totality of a teritory
3)Symbol of political independece
4)Avenue for economic interdependence
Anthropology - is the branch of knowledge
which deals with the scientific study of man.
Political Science- is a systematic study of a state
and its goverment. with the relationship of men
in the community.
Ricardo Lazo- the primary goal of P.S is
citizenship education. to understand and
appreciate the duties and obligations of being a
member of soiety.
Thomas Carlyle- "Culture is a process by which a
person becomes all that they were created
capable of being "
Types of Culture
Non-material Culture - Languange and
Symbols,Ideas,Religion,Behavior,gesture and
habits.
Material Culture- Technological
tols,Architecturalstructures,Fashion and
accessories, Food.
Elements of Culture
Knowledge- information received and perceived
to be true.
Beliefs- Perception of accepted reality.
Social Norms - These are established
expectations of society as to how a person is
supposed to act depending on the requirements
of the time,place and situation.
Kinds of Social Norms
Folkways- patterns of repetitive behaviour that
become a part of living .
Mores- Distinguishes human acts as right or
wrong, or good from bad.
Values- anything held to be relatively
worthy,important or valuable.
Technology- converting raw materials into
finished products.
Evolution- Natural process of biological change
occuring in a population across successive
generations.
HOMO- It is the genus of the modern humans
and the first group that came out of africa.
Australopithecus- Considered as the earliest
known fossil creature identified as definitely
man like in form.
Homo habilis- known as Handy Man
Homo erectus- known as Upright Man
Broken pebbles - Earliest tools used by
prehuman primates.
Paleolithic Age - Unpolished tools,Hunting and
gathering,Nomadic way of living
Neolithic- Polished tools,domestication of
plants and animals
Mesolithic- A stepping stone, tend to stay
longer in fixed places.
Types of Society
a. Hunting and Food gathering
b.Horticultural Society
c.Pastoral Society
d.Agricultural Society
e.Industrial Society
f.Post-Industrial Society
Civilization- Refers to a high level of cultural and
technological development of human beings.
Race- Refers to genetic variation among human
groups that characterizes their common
biological traits
Ethnicity- Cultural differences among group of
people bounded by certain cultural and
historical commonalities.
CHAPTER 4
Socialization-It is the process and outcome of
integration through association,social
interaction.
Imitation- One tends to duplicate more or less,
or exactly, the behaviors of others.
Norms- rules that regulates the process of social
interaction.
Deviance- it is defined as an act that violates a
social norm.
Socialization - is a continuing proces whereby an
individual acquires apersonal identity
Socialization can be described from two point of
view:
Objective:Refers to the society acting upon a
child
Subjective:Processby which society transmits its
culture from one generation to another and
adapts the individual to the accepted and
approved ways of organized social life.
Perspective on Socialization
PRD-Process where we develop our sense of
identity and belongingness.
SDT- The much needed skills such as
com.,interpersonal,and occupational are
developed
V.F- Individuals are influenced by the prevailing
values of social groups.
SIA-Process allows us to fit in and be accustom
to the cultural setting
SCS-To control the society using social norms
with regard to social relationship and behavior.
Agents of Socialization
Family( Primary)
School
Church
Peer Group
Work Place
Mass Media
Social norms were formed in order to control an
individual;sbehaviour in a society.
Folkways,Mores,Laws
Social Status-It refers to the position an 4.Retreatism-withdrawal from society, do not
individual occupies in a society. care about the success nor about working.

Two types of Social status 5.Rebellion- this occurs when people reject and
attempt to change both the goals and means.
1.Ascribed statutes- assigned to the individual
from birth. Four functions of Deviance( Functionalist theory
by Emile Durkheim)
2.Achieved statuses- Acquaired by choice,merit
or efforts. a.Deviance affirms values and norms.

Conformity- is opposite to social deviance which b.clarifies moral boundary

implies obedience to the norms that make a
c.promotes social unity
person acceptable in a particular society, group,
or social setting. d.encourages social change
Deviance-Deviance is a behaviour that violates
the standards of conduct or expectations or
social norms of a group or society. Alcoholics,
gamblers, sex deviants, drug addicts or late
comers in the class are all classified as deviants
or deviant acts.

Social Control-Refers to the efforts of a group to

regulate the behavior of its members.

Two types of sanction

Informal Sanction and Formal Sanction

Types of Conformity

1. Compliance- when an individual accepts

influence because he hopes to achieve a
favorable reaction from another person or
group.

2.Internalization-accepts influence because the

content of the induced behavior

3.Identification-wants to establish or maintain a

satisfying self defining relationship to another
person or group.

4.Integratiational-To impress or gain

favor/acceptance from other people.

Forms of Deviance (emerge from strain theory

by robertmerton)

1. Conformity-accepting both the cultural goal

of success & use of legitimate means for
achieving the goal.

2.Innovation-accepting the goal of success but

uses the illegitimate way to achieve the goal.

3.Ritualism- this occurs when people reject the

importance of sucess once they realize they will
never achieve it.