UCSP

EDUCATION
NICOLE ANGELEN TOCAO
LOVELY QUIMQUE
VICAR VELAYO
 Meaning and importance of Education in society:
Formal Education and Non-formal Education

Education is the social institution that formally socializes members of society. It

remains a very important support pillar in society. Education also refers to the
process through the skills,knowledge,and values are transmitted from the teachers
to the learners. This social institution brings about continuity,which is an
important factor for development. While education in a preindustrial society
typically takes place inside the home,education in modern societies has a more
formal setup.

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 The need for both formal and nonformal setup in education
implies a holistic approach in both the transmition and actual
content or subject to be taught to the learners.

Formal Education is based in the classroom and provided by

trained teaching and nonteaching personnel. It has an
approved curriculum, which includes the course outline,the
prescribed number of sessions to finish the lessons and
authentic assessments and outputs.

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Non-formal Education is an organized
educational activity that takes place outside a
formal setup. It has no age limits as kids,the
youth, and even adults can take part in a non-
formal education program. One example of a
non-formal education program is adult night
school for those who are already working but
have not finished their basic education.

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 Sociological perspectives on Education:
Manifest and latent function of Education

The functionalist perspectives offers the view that education serves a

number of important function that contribute to the operation and
maintenance of society. Education equips people with the knowledge
and skills needed to take on different roles that society needs in order
to run smoothly. Functionalism contends that education contributes to
either manifest(primary/intended) or latent(secondary/unintended
functions.

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One manifest function is socialization. As early as preschool, and kindergarten,
students are initiated into taking societal roles, like being a daughter,friend,
and playmate. Socialization allows the learning of the rules and norms of
society as a whole.
Another manifest function of education is transmission of culture, skills, and
values. This is the reason why subjects like, literature, history, and languages
are also included in the curriculum. These subjects teach important skills like
communication, comprehension and inference making- all of which are used
when training to become doctors,teachers or some other professional.

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Latent functions of education refer to the unintended functions that
are brought about by the school environment. Schools are venues for
expanding peoples networks. They are where you can find a spouse,
a business partners, or friends that you can keep for life.
Another latent function is the ability to work in the groups, whether
as a leader,or as a member. This is an indispensable skill in the
workplace, which requires a collaboration and interpersonal relation
with people you may not know very well and who may even have
contrasting opinions from yours.

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It cannot be denied educational institutions contribute a
good deal in the functioning of society. But using the
conflict perspectives, educational institutions are seen as
instruments that limit the opportunities of the less
powerful in society.

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Goals and functions of Education in the 21 st
century
world:
Productive citizenry and self-actualization
Education performs several functions for both individuals and the
community where they belong.

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 Functions of Education
FUNCTIONS DESCRIPTIONS REINFORCED BY

TRANSMISSION OF Communication and FAMILY

CULTURAL HERITAGE honing of knowledge,
language,
science
SELECTION OF SOCIAL Provides new experiences RELIGION
ROLES TRAINING IN and offers alternatives and
SUCH ROLES a wider selection of roles
INTEGRATON AND Functions a social control STATE/
MAINSTREAMING OF mechanism that brings GOVERNMENT/
SUBCULTURES AND recalcitrant members back RELIGION
IDENTITIES to the fold
SOURCE OF SOCIAL AND A place where young PEERS/STATE/ FAMILY
CULTURAL people are enjoined to be
INNOVATIONS creative with others
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The two most important goals of education for the individual
and society are “self- actualization” and “ productive
citizenry”.

Productive citizenry- refers to the idea that a citizen by

him/herself must create the environment and opportunities to
become productive.
Self-actualization- is a notion proposed by Maslow that sits at
the peak of his hierarchy of needs. Maslow wrote: “what a man
can be,he must be”. This need we may call self-actualization. It
refers to the desire of self-fulfillment namely, to the tendency
for him to become actualized in what he is potentially.
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Maslow listed several characteristics of a self-actualized people.
These are include the ff:

❖ Acceptance and realism.

❖ Problem-centering.
❖ Spontaneity.
❖ Autonomy and Solitude.
❖ Continued freshness of appreciation.

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 Primary Education as a Human Right
The universal declaration of human rights states that everyone has
the right to education. Education has to be free and compulsory at
least in the primary level,whereas higher education should be made
available on the basis of merit. Technical and vocational should also
be generally available.
Education is a human right since this is one of the few avenues that
can allow social mobility for everyone regardless of their
background. The UNESCO laid down the premise that education is
a fundamental human right.

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 Here is the statement of the UNESCO:

Education is a fundamental human right and essential for the

exercise of all other human rights. It promotes individual freedom
and empowerment and yields important development benefits. Yet
millions of children and adults remain deprived of educational
opportunities, many as a result of poverty.

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Hence in the Philippines, primary education is considered a right of a
child. It is enshrined in the 1987 constitution of the Republic of the
Philippines. Attendance to school is mandatory. No school should
ever deny admission to a child. However though elementary schooling
is compulsory,as 2010, it was reported that 27.82% of Filipino
elementary-aged children either never of any school in their area, in the
use of language that is foreign to them for instruction,or financial
distress.