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IIT CE 632 Retaining Wall Design Part-1 Handout PDF
IIT CE 632 Retaining Wall Design Part-1 Handout PDF
Reinforced concrete is used in wall design with thin stem and slab base
Relatively
y economical for design
g
Stem
Toe
First, approximate
dimensions are
chosen for the
retaining wall.
Then, stability of
wall is checked for
these dimensions
dimensions.
Section is changed
if its undesirable
from the stability or
economy point of
view.
Heel
0.3 m min
0.3 m min
Pa (Rankine)
Pa (Coulomb)
Along line AB
Ph =
1
K h H 2
2
Pv =
1
K v H 2
2
Terzaghi and Peck have produced semi-empirical charts for Kh and Kv for
different types of soils as listed in the table below
10
Earth
Pressure
on
Retaining
walls
with
backfill
slope
l
off
finite
distance
11
12
OVERTURNING
about its toe.
BEARING CAPACITY
failure of supporting
base
SLIDING
along the base
Excessive SETTLEMENT
may occur if weak soil
layer is located below the
foundation within 1.5
times foundation width.
13
14
Check Against
OVERTURNNG
15
FOS =
FOS =
M
M
Resisting Moment
Overturning Moment
Pav .B + Wi .xi
Pah . ya PP . y p
( P + W ) .x = M M
M M
x=
P + W
av
av
In the design of cantilever retaining wall it is preferred that the stem center is
right above the location of resultant force at the base (resultant of soil reaction).
16
F
FOS =
F
1.75
FR = R.tan b + cb B + PP
FS = Pah
FOS = 1.5,
1 5 if wind/seismic
i d/ i i
forces are considered
In most cases
passive earth
pressure is ignored
while calculating
FOS against sliding
Base friction and
adhesion may be
taken by the
following
assumption
b = to .2
3
2
2
1
cb = to .c2
3
2
17
18
( P + W ) + ( P
2
av
CE = x =
ah
M M
P + W
R
av
Eccentricity:
qmax =
qmin =
PP )
e=
B
x
2
Q 6e ( Pav + Wi ) 6e
1 + =
1 +
B
B
B
B
Q 6e ( Pav + Wi ) 6e
1 =
1
B
B
B
B
19
B = B 2e
tan =
Factor of safety against
bearing capacity:
Pah PP
Pav + Wi
FOS =
qu
qav
granular soil
[ 23 for
for cohesive soils
20
Wall Joints
Wall Joints
22
Wall Drainage
Accumulation of rain water in the back fill results in its saturation, and
thus a considerable increase in the earth pressure acting on the wall.
This may eventually lead to unstable conditions. Two of the options to
take care of this problem are the following:
Weep hole
Filter material
Filter material
Perforated pipe
23
Wall Drainage
Vertical drains
Inclined drains
Combination of inclined
and horizontal drain for
cohesive soils
24
Wall Drainage
Perforated Pipes: These are provided horizontally along the back face of
wall at the bottom of stem. The filter material around the perforated pipe
should satisfy the following requirements.
The soil to be protected should note wash into the filter
D15( Filter )
D85( Backfill )
<5
Excessive hydraulic pressure head is not created in the soil due to low
permeability.
D15( Filter )
D15( Backfill )
>4
25
Wall Settlements
Differential settlement
26
27