ANSWER KEY for

At a Glance: Sentences
CHAPTER 3

Parts of Speech

Exercise 1 Identifying Parts of Speech

1.prep adj
2. adv
prep
3. v
adj
4. adj
v
5. adv v
6. prep adv
7. v
n
8. n
adj
9. conj pro
10. n
adj
11. adv v
12. prep adv
13. v
n
14. n
prep
15. adj n
16. adj conj
17. prep adj
18. adj v
19. n
pro
20. n
v

Exercise 2 Identifying Parts of Speech

1. prep
2. v
3. adj
4. n
5. adv
6. prep
7. adv
8. v
9. n
10. pro

v
prep
pro
adj
prep
v
pro
conj
adv
adj

11. v
adj
12. n
v
13. prep adj
14. prep adj
15. prep n
16. pro adj
17. adj adj
18. adj adj
19. v
adv
20. adj n

CHAPTER 4 Subjects and Verbs

Exercise 1 Finding Subjects
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

evidence
Archaeologists
bones/shells
objects
Priests
Part12.

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
(you)

character
Some
They
symbols
language/language

Exercise 2 Finding Subjects

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Mahatma Gandhi
he
(you)
good
fasts, writings, speeches

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

He
Gandhi
British
leaders, agitators
Gandhi

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

will beat
are, live
hoots, shakes
hear, go
are

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

can use
learned
can learn
has learned, can ask
uses

Exercise 3 Finding Verbs

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

live, travel
varies
is
spend
make

Exercise 4 Finding Verbs

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

share
is shared
can use
have
do have

Exercise 5 Finding Subjects and Verbs

1. (You)
2. What
3. they
4. Earthquakes
5. answer
6. earth
7. they
8. plates
9. rocks
10. they
11. breaks
12. formation
13. wave
14. vibrations
15. force
16. scientists
17. success
18. Earthquakes
19. states
20. quake

read
causes
can do

shake

is
is covered
are
bump, pass
are squeezed, stretched
pull, pile
are called
is
travels
are
is
have tried
has been
are identified
experience
is occurring

Exercise 6 Finding Subjects and Verbs

1. (You)
2. Puerto Rico
3. words
4. Puerto Ricans
5. Puerto Rico
6. it
7. Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico
8. Puerto Rico
9. Puerto Rico
10. It
12. They
13. they
14. many
15. majority
16. economy
17. Caribbbean National
Forest
18. parrots, orchids
19. Tourists

consider
is
do mean
are
is
will
is
means
became
became
can vote
have voted
are
speak
is based
is treasured
can be seen
visit

20. plankton

light

Exercise 7 Finding Subjects and Verbs

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

(You)
cities
Government, religion
difference
They
ceremonies
society
family
boys
girls
Aztecs
they
they
Scholars
calendars
language
language
religion, government
soldiers
Hernando Cortez
He
Aztecs
Spaniards
they

read, learn
were
were
was
built, sacrificed
related
had
included
went
went, learned
wore
lived
ate
developed
are
was
was, represented
required
could capture, enlarge
landed
was joined
rebelled
killed
defeated

Exercise 8 Writing Sentences with Subjects and Verbs

Answers will vary.

CHAPTER 5 Kinds of Sentences

Exercise 1 Identifying Clauses and Phrases
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

phrase
dependent clause
independent clause
phrase
independent clause
phrases

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

independent clause
dependent clause
independent clause
phrase
phrase
independent clause

Exercises 2, 3, 4, and 5 Writing Simple, Compound, Complex, and

Compound-Complex Sentences
Answers will vary.

Exercise 6 Identifying Types of Sentences

__S__

1. The most popular sport in the world is soccer.

__CC__

2. People in ancient China and Japan had a form of soccer, and even Rome
had a game that

resembled soccer.

__CX__

3. The game as it

__S__

4. In the Middle Ages, whole towns played soccer on Shrove Tuesday.

__CC__

5. Goals were built at opposite ends of town, and hundreds of people who

is played today got its start in England.

lived in those towns would play on each side.

__S__

6. Such games resembled full-scale brawls.

__S__

7. The first side to score a goal won and was declared village champion.

__CP__

8. Then both sides tended to the wounded, and they didnt play again
for a whole year.

__S__

9. The rules of the game were written in the late 1800s at British boarding
schools.

__CP__

10. Now nearly every European country has a national soccer team, and
the teams participate in international tournaments.

CHAPTER 6 Combining Sentences

Exercise 1 Combining Sentences: Compound

1. Oklahoma, but at
2. football, yet he
3. sports, but he
4. pentathlon, and he
5. world, and Jim
6. athlete, so the
7. contract, and he
8. football, yet after
9. century, for he
10. man, but on

Exercise 2 Combining Sentences: Compound

; however,

1. The legendary island of Atlantis has fascinated people for centuries. It probably never existed.
^

2. According to the Greek writer Plato, the people of Atlantis were very ambitious and warlike..
^

; in fact,

They planned to conquer all of the Mediterranean.

; therefore,

3. Initially, they were successful in subduing areas to the west. They became wealthy.
; moreover,

4. Then the people of Atlantis became proud. They became corrupt and wicked.
^
; however,

5. They were confident and attacked Athens. Athens and its allies defeated the invaders.
^

; however,

6. The story of Atlantis is probably just a tale. Many people have believed it.
^

7. Some writers have tried to link the legend with such real places as America and the Canary
; nevertheless,

Islands. No link has been found.

^

8. The Minoan civilization on Crete was destroyed by tidal waves.

A similar fate may have befallen
^
Atlantis.

; in fact,

9. Some people speculate about a volcanic explosion on Atlantis. A volcanic eruption did destroy
^

part of the island Thera in the Eastern Mediterranean in 1500 B.C.E.

10. Some writers have conjectured that American Indians migrated to the New World by way of
; however,

Atlantis.. Archaeologists dispute that idea.

^

Exercise 3 Combining Sentences: Complex

1. (relative pronoun) The freeway congestion was under study. The problem
that

occurred
every Friday at noon.
^

, even though

2. The vacationers had a good time. The bears destroyed a few tents and ate peoples food.
, although
^

3. The teenagers loved their senior prom. The band played badly.
because

4. Farmers gathered for miles around. Jeff had grown a fifty-pound cucumber.
^

If

5. Back-seat drivers make unwanted suggestions in the nag-proof model. They can be ejected from
^,

the vehicle.
who

6. (relative pronoun) The marriage counselor gave bad advice. He charged only half price.
^

that

7. (relative pronoun) The robots would not do their work. They needed fresh batteries.
Because

8 The hurricane was expected to hit during the night. The residents checked their flashlights.
^
When

^,
9. The ice sculptor displayed his work in the dining hall. The customers applauded.
^
After
^,
10. Someone stole the artwork of ice. No evidence was found.
^
^,
Exercise 4 Combining Sentences: Compound-Complex
Possible answers:
1. When Helen Keller suffered a serious childhood illness, she became
blind and deaf, and at first her parents did not know what to do.
2. Because her parents would not give up despite discouraging advice, they
advertised for a teacher, and a tutor named Anne Sullivan agreed to help.
3. After young Helen began to discover the world through her sense of touch,
she learned the alphabet, and she started connecting words with objects.
4. Although her physical condition was irreversible, her progress was rapid, and
in three years she could read Braille.
5. Although [or Because] she could not talk, she used sign language for speech,
and she used a special typewriter to write.
6. When she reached the age of ten, she took speech lessons from a teacher of
the deaf, and in six years she could speak well enough to be understood.
7. While she attended college, she still needed help, and Anne Sullivan continued
as her tutor and interpreter.
8. After she graduated from college with honors, she became involved in

programs to help the deaf and blind communicate, and she wrote books and
articles about problems of the disabled.
9. Because of the effects of World War II presented special problems,
Hellen Keller helped disabled people in other countries, and she helped
soldiers blinded in the war.
10. When Hellen Keller died in 1968, she had an international reputation
as a humanitarian, and her books had been translated into more than fifty languages.

Exercise 5 Correcting Omissions

1. love for
2. and the gun
3. on the radio, and on TV
4. saw that
5. expenses were
6. learned about
7. believed that
8. and the driver
9. have believed
10. and he

preposition
subject
prepositions
that
verb
preposition
that
subject
verb
subject

Exercise 6 Providing Sentence Variety

Possible revision:
On the weekends I do promotions for TVs Power Rangers. Im Trini. Shes supposed to be Chinese.
Because Im Chinese-American, the kids think Im the real Ranger when I remove my mask. Except for one
occasion, Ive never felt very much like a Ranger. It was on a weekend promotion, held at a park. While we
were doing our routine, I looked around and saw a little boy collapse. Although he had probably been in
distress for a while, wearing the mask, I could hardly see anything. Nevertheless, this little boy was lying
there, thrashing around and trying to throw up, but no one was doing anything. The Pink Ranger started
running around trying to find the childs parents. After no one came to the aid of the boy, I ran over, took off
my mask, and put my finger in his mouth to clear his throat. There I found the problem. He had been
chewing on, or maybe blowing, a long balloon when he swallowed it. I pulled it out of his throat. It was
almost a foot long. The whole spectacle must have looked like a magic trick. Because the child still wasnt
breathing well, the paramedics were called. They quickly helped him back to good health. His parents, who
lived across the street, came to carry him home. We Rangers put our masks back on, and the audience
cheered us as if we had planned the whole scene. We resumed our routine. It was just another day of work
for the Power Rangers.

Exercise 7 Combining Sentences

Possible answers:

1. Although cobras are among the most feared of all snakes, they are not the deadliest of all snakes.
2. Cobras do not coil before they strike; therefore, they cannot strike for a long distance.
3. Cobras do not have a hood, but they flatten their neck by moving their ribs when they are nervous or
frightened.
4. Cobras inject venom with their fangs, and they spit venom at their victims.
5. Although human beings will not die from the venom that has been spit, it can cause blindness if it is not
washed from the eyes.
6. A person can die from a cobra bite, and death may come in only a few hours.
7. Snake charmers have long worked with cobras; they use a snake, a basket, and a flute.
8. The snakes cannot hear the music, but they respond to the rhythmic movements of the charmers.
9. The snake charmers are hardly ever in danger of being bitten because they defang the cobras or sew
their mouths shut.
10. Most cobras flee from people, but they attack if they are cornered or if they are guarding their eggs.
11. The tiny mongoose, the enemy of the cobra, uses its sharp teeth to kill the cobra.

Exercise 8 Combining Sentences

Possible answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

When Romeo and Juliet were young, they fell in love.

Because their families were feuding, Romeo and Juliet decided to run away.
They tried to trick their families, but their plans failed, and they both died.
The contestant spun the wheel one more time, and Vanna White clapped her hands with glee.
When only one letter remained, Pat Sajak encouraged the contestant.
When the wheel stopped, the contestant lost his turn.
The audience groaned, Vanna White almost cried, and Pat Sajak comforted her.
Several tabloids have reported that Elvis has not left us, for he has been sighted in several parts of the
country and even on other planets.
The tabloids, which give credit to unnamed reliable sources, report that the King is just tired and wants
privacy.
The central character of The Old Man and the Sea is Santiago, a fisherman with a string of bad luck.
Although Santiago catches a fish, he loses most of it to sharks.
Because he struggles courageously, he achieves a moral victory.
Santiago is a true hero because he obeys his code.

Exercise 9 Combining Sentences

Possible revision:
Muhammad Ali, who was arguably the greatest heavyweight boxing champion, won the
title on four occasions. He loved to perform for the press. He made up sayings and poems about
himself and his opponents, and once said he would float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.
Ali announced that he would win each fight, and he even named the round. After he became a
Black Muslim, he refused induction into the armed services, and he was convicted of a crime
for having done so. As a result he lost his championship, but later the decision was reversed by

the U.S. Supreme Court. He won back the title by defeating George Foreman in1974. Then in
l978 he lost it to Leon Spinks, but he regained it again the next year. In l980 he retired, but he
soon returned to the ring to fight once more for the championship before he quit for good.

CHAPTER 7 Correcting Fragments, Comma Splices, and Run-Ons

Exercise 1 Identifying Fragments
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

fragment
complete
fragment
fragment
fragment

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

fragment
complete
complete
fragment
fragment

Exercise 2 Correcting Fragments

1. When Leroy Robert Paige was seven years old. He was carrying luggage at a railroad station in Mobile,
Alabama.
2. He was a clever young fellow. Who invented a contraption for carrying four satchels (small suitcases) at
one time.
3. After he did that. He was always known as Satchel Paige.
4. His fame rests on his being arguably the best baseball pitcher. Who ever played the game.
5. Because of the so-called Jim Crow laws. He, as an African American, was not allowed to play in the
Major Leagues. Until 1948 after the Major League color barrier was broken.
6. By that time he was already forty-two. Although he was in excellent condition.
7. He had pitched. Wherever he could, mainly touring around the country.
8. When he faced Major Leaguers in exhibition games. He almost always won.
9. Because people liked to see him pitch. He pitched almost every day. While he was on tour.
10. One year he won 104 games. During his career he pitched 55 no-hitters and won more than 2,000 games.
11. He pitched his last game in the majors at the age of fifty-nine.
12. In 1971 he was the first African-American player. Who was voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in a
special category for those. Who played in the old Negro Leagues.

Exercise 3 Correcting Fragments

1. Although Woody Guthrie had a hard life. His songs are filled with hope.
2. His autobiography, Bound for Glory, tells of this free-spirited man. Who saw boomtown oil fields dry up
and crops wither in the dust bowl.
3. Many people knew him only as the author of This Land Is Your Land. Which is often treated as a
second national anthem.
4. Because he was honest and would say what he thought. He was often out of work.
5. Cisco Houston said, Woody is a man. Who writes two or three ballads before breakfast every
morning.
6. The hobo, the migrant worker, the merchant marine, the sign painter, the labor agitator, the musician in
New York City with a hat on the sidewalkWoody was a restless traveler. Whose life was as varied as
his song bag.
7. Some of his best songs are about his experience during the days of the Great Depression. When he was
an unofficial spokesperson for migrant workers in the West.

8. Arlo Guthrie, Woodys son, achieved his own fame. While he carried on the folk music tradition of his
father.
9. Woodys song Pretty Boy Floyd was recorded by Bob Dylan. Who modeled his early style on that of
Woody and once referred to himself as a Woody Guthrie jukebox.
10. A simple farmer once said to a reporter, Ill always remember Woody as the man. Who said, Some
men will rob you with a six-gun and some with a fountain pen.

Exercise 4 Correcting Fragments

has

1. Asia

having many ethnic groups.

2. Including the Chinese, the Indians, the Arabs, the Turks, and the Jews.
Combine 1 and 2.
3. The Chinese have different groups.

4. Speaking many dialects.

Combine 3 and 4.
5. Although they have different dialects.
Combine 5 and 6; change the first period to a comma.
6. There is a national language.

7. A language called Mandarin.

Add 7 to 5 and 6.
8. Cultural differences exist in Taiwan.
OK
is
9. The main difference being between the Chinese from the mainland and the Taiwanese.

10. Despite the differences, all Chinese have much culture in common.
OK

Exercise 5 Correcting Comma Splices and Run-Ons

1. CS
2. RO
3. OK
4. RO
5. CS
6. RO
7. CS
8. CS
9. RO
10. RO

optimism, but
winter, and
winter, yet
branches, and
managing, for
food, so
winter, and
depressed, but
help, and

Exercise 6 Correcting Comma Splices and Run-Ons

1. CS
2. RO
3. CS
4. CS

alive, and
alive, for
preserved, and
College, but

5. RO
6. RO
7. CS
8. RO
9. CS
10. OK

armchair, and
instructions, so
College, but
1924, and
too, and

Exercise 7 Correcting Comma Splices and Run-Ons

1. RO
2. RO
3. CS
4. RO
5. OK
6. RO
7. OK
8. OK
9. CS
10. CS

After Jessie
Because the
Because Hitler
After Jesse
After Owens

After Owens
Although in

Exercise 8 Correcting Comma Splices and Run-On

Although

__CS__

1.

Roberto Clemente grew up poor in Puerto Rico, he would become

rich and famous.
he was determined to play baseball he used a tree limb to

__RO__ 2.

Because
As a child

__CS__

3.

After
Clemente

__CS__

4.

to play professional baseball.

He (or
played
While
When)for the Pittsburgh Pirates between 1955 and 1972, he was
^

^,

slug an old tennis ball wrapped with yarn.

excelled in youth and sandlot teams, he signed a contract

once selected the Most Valuable Player and twice had the highest
__OK__ 5.

hitting average in the National League.

Often regarded as the best right fielder of all time, he won twelve
Gold Gloves for his defensive play, and it was said he could throw

__OK__ 6.

out runners from his knees.

Clemente said that he was taught good values by his family and that
he respected the poor because they had learned about life from their
suffering.

__CS__

7.

When
Clemente
(or After)
became
^

Because

wealthy, he always found time to help the less

__CS__

8.

fortunate.
He liked to take an active part in his humanitarian work, in 1972 he
decided to fly on an airplane he had chartered to take supplies to

earthquake victims in Nicaragua.

__RO__ 9. When
The airplane crashed all aboard were killed.
^
^,
__RO__ 10. Because
He was a great baseball
player and a great human being many
^,

schools and parks have been named after him.

Exercise 9 Correcting Comma Splices and Run-Ons

; however,

1.

Harry Houdini is often referred to as a magician,

he was more
^

2.

famous as an escapologist.
He initially performed card tricks and other common routines of

3.

illusion, he developed some special non-escape acts.

^
One of his spectacular non-escape acts was making an elephant and

__CS__
__CS__

; then

; however,

__RO__

its trainer disappear

they were actually lowered into an empty
^
4.

swimming pool under the stage.

Soon Houdini grew bored with conventional magic, and he

5.

perfected some escape tricks.

; therefore,
consequently,)
Houdini learned to swallow and then regurgitate
keys(orand
tools, he

6.

could break free from restraints under water.

; therefore,
(or consequently,)
Houdini could also dislocate both shoulders
at will
he could escape
^

7.

easily from a straitjacket.

Houdinis most famous trick involved the Chinese Water Torture

__OK__
^

__CS__
__RO__

__OK__

Cell, a steel and glass water-filled box in which he was chained and
8

suspended upside down.

As an active member of a group of skeptics, he exposed spiritualists

__OK__
9
__CS__

who claimed to contact the dead.

therefore,
He decided to put his beliefs to a ;test,
shortly before his death, he
^
gave his wife a secret code and told her he would try to contact her
from the grave.

10
__CS__

Each Halloween night for a decade after he died, his wife and
; then (or finally,)

friends met and waited for a signal from Houdini, she gave up,
^
saying, Ten years is long enough to wait for any man.

Exercise 10 Correcting Comma Splices and Run-Ons

1. CS
2. RO
3. CS
4. RO
5. OK
6. CS
7. CS
8. CS
9. RO
10. RO

Dragster. Its
gate. They
Japan. It
comparison. T
feet. C
Japan. That
descent. You
degrees. As
2003. Thrill

Exercise 11 Correcting Fragments, Comma Splices, and Run-Ons

Deserts are often referred to as wastelands. Because it is true that not as many plants grow there as in
temperate zones, it is also true that animals do not live there in great numbers. But many plants and animals
live and do quite well in the desert because of their adaptations.
Not all deserts have the same appearance, but many people think of the desert as a hot, sandy area.
Actually sand covers only about twenty percent of the desert. Some deserts have mountains , whereas some
others have snow.
Because deserts are dry for most of the year, plants must conserve and store water. Several kinds of cacti
can shrink during a dry season and swell during a rainy season. Some shrubs simply drop their leaves and
use their green bark to manufacture chlorophyll. Seeds sometimes lie in the desert for several years before
sprouting to take advantage of a rainfall.
Animals have quite effectively adjusted to the desert; therefore, some animals obtain moisture from the
food they eat and require no water. One animal of the desert, the camel, produces fat , which it stores in its
hump. The fat allows the camel to reserve more body heat; consequently, it needs little water. Still other
animals feed only at night or are inactive for weeks or even months.
About fifteen percent of the land of the earth is covered by deserts. That area increases every year
because of overgrazing by livestock and because of the destruction of forests. Areas that were once green and
fertile will now support little life and only a small population of human beings.

CHAPTER 8 Balancing Sentence Parts

Exercise 1 Identifying Signal Words and Parallel Elements
1. vicious, relentless, and inexplicable

6. separates . . . and is hated

2. family moves . . . , and they find

7. twin is . . . , and the other is

3. to make . . . and to ignore

8. embittered and vindictive

4. invited . . . but neglected

9. unreasoning, angry, and brutal

5. has . . . and has caused

10. crashes . . . and devours

Exercise 2 Identifying Combination Signal Words and Parallel Elements

1. not only robbed from the rich but also gave to the poor
2. Both Humphrey Bogart and Katharine Hepburn
3. either himself or Mr. Hyde
4. neither good jo b s nor compassion
5. either die . . . or g o
6. either develop . . . or g o
7. not only gets . . . but also goes
8. both who framed Roger and who is playing
9. not only heartaches but also . . . joy
10. either his dignity or his life

Exercise 3 Completing Sentences with Parallel Elements

Possible answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

education.
social contacts.
math.
friend.
a piece of fruit.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

an education.
her mother would make it.
we will all be miserable.
one for all.
quit my job.

Exercise 4 Writing Sentences with Parallel Elements

Answers will vary.

CHAPTER 9 Verbs
Exercise 1 Community Dialects: Selecting Verbs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

talk, talks
talked, talked
talked, talked
walked, walked
walk, walks

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

is, am
are, were
do, does
have, have
does, do

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

ruined/put
cost/raise
sit/liked
rose/headed
knew/lusted

Exercise 2 Selecting Verbs

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

lost
laid
did/won
became/ran
eaten/served

Exercise 3 Selecting Verbs

1. I wished I (stayed, had stayed) home.
2. I remembered that I (paid, had paid) him twice.
3. After parking their car, they (walk, walked) to the beach.
4. I (have, had) never encountered a genius until I met her.
5. I hoped that we (could have gone, went) to the big game.
6. They know that they (will complete, will have completed) the job before the first snow.
7. We (are considering, consider) the proposal.
8. He told us of the interesting life he (had led, led).
9. We went to the desert to see the cabin they (built, had built).
10. Tomorrow I (drive, will drive) to the supermarket for party items.

Exercise 4 Selecting Verbs

1. The scholars (worked, had worked) many hours before they solved the problem.
2. The shipping clerks wished they (had sent, sent) the package.
3. We (study, are studying) the issue now.
4. We (decide, will decide) on the winner tomorrow.
5. They reminded us that we (made, had made) the same promise before.
6. Before she went to Mexico, Jill (had never been, never was) out of the country.
7. Jake (had been napping, napped) when the alarm sounded.
8. By the time he finished talking, he realized that he (said, had said) too much.
9. At the end of the semester, the course grade (depends, will depend) on your ability to write well.
10. After he retired, I realized how much I (had learned, learned) from working with him.

Exercise 5 Selecting Verbs

1. lies

2. sets
3. rise
4. raise/ sit
5. rises
6. setting
7. laid
8. raise
9. lays
10. rise/ lay

Exercise 6 Choosing Verb Tense

1. are studying
2. met
3. had fallen
4. were feuding/ hid
5. married/ planned
6. had decided
7. took
8. has/ had not been informed
9. committed/ stabbed
10. will have

Exercise 7 Choosing Verb Tense

1. In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin (is saying, said) that compound interest was the eighth
wonder of the world.
2. Today, taking advantage of compound interest (is, was) still one way to grow a fortune.
3. I wish I (had, had been) started investing years ago.
4. If I (will have, could have) saved $2,000 per year from age 21 on, I (would have, would have had) over a
million dollars now.
5. I (have, had) never realized this until I did the math.
6. So I (have decided, could have been deciding) to begin investing money every month from now on.
7. Yesterday, I (determined, have determined) an amount I should save each week.
8. I hope that you (will have considered, are considering) doing the same thing.
9. By the time were ready to retire, we (were, may be) millionaires.
10. Someday we (will worry, worried) about how to pay the bills.

Exercise 8 Using Verbs in Sentences

Answers will vary.

Exercise 9 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree

1. The result of the defendants corrupt business dealings (was, were) soon felt.
2. The mayor and most citizens (was, were) deeply affected.
3. There (was, were) no justification for the defendants behavior.
4. Neither of the defendants parents (was, were) willing to defend him.
5. Neither the judge nor the jury members (was, were) very sympathetic with the defenses case.
6. Ethics (was, were) apparently an unknown field of study to the defendant.
7. Each and every day (was, were) consumed with intense debate.
8. In the penalty phase, the judge said that ten years (was, were) the correct sentence.
9. Then the judge added, Fifty thousand dollars (is, are) the right sum for restitution.
10. The defendant, along with his attorney, (was, were) not pleased.

Exercise 10 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree

1. Even after the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans (is, are) the site of one of the most
celebrated parties in the United States.
2. Though the event was temporarily scaled back, Mardi Gras (is, are) an event that refuses to die.
3. Mardi Gras, which means Fat Tuesday, (is, are) always forty-six days before Easter.
4. But twelve days before that, the crowd (begins, begin) to grow.
5. All of the bands in the state of Louisiana (converges, converge) on New Orleans.
6. A visitor, along with just about all of the citys residents, (enjoys, enjoy) nonstop jazz and blues music.
7. Cajun and Creole food (satisfies, satisfy) the revelers hungry appetites.
8. There (is, are) numerous parades, but the best ones (occurs, occur) during the last five days of the
celebration.
9. Each of the spectacular parade floats (is, are) decorated and (carries, carry) riders wearing costumes.
10. Four miles (is, are) the length of a typical parade route.
11. Beads, coins, cups, and an occasional medallion (is, are) tossed from the floats into the crowd.
12. People who line the parade route (tries, try) to catch as many trinkets as they can.
13. One float, the best of all of that parades floats, (wins, win) an award.
14. Some of the most popular festivities, besides a good parade, (is, are) the masked balls.
15. Every one of the costumes (is, are) outrageous and unique.
16. Cajun Mardi Gras Masks (is, are) a book that will give you some ideas.
17. The celebration (is, are) a happening of fun and frenzy.
18. After dark, there (is, are) fireworks in the night sky.
19. Neither the participants nor the curious onlooker (wants, want) the party to end.
20. (Is, Are) these days of merrymaking something youd enjoy?

Exercise 11 Making Verbs Consistent in Tense

A trip to the dentist should not be a terrible experienceunless one goes to Dr. Litterfloss,
has
credit dentist. Although he graduated magna cum lately from Eds School of Dentistry, he had a
doesnt
reputation for being one of the dirtiest and most careless dentists in the state. He didnt even know
uses
lose
about germs. He never used Novocain. He just spins the chair until his patients lost consciousness.

shoots
misses
Then he shot them with his x-ray gun from behind a lead wall. Sometimes he missed, and now
doesnt
works
his dental technician glows in the dark, so he didnt need a light as he worked. While drilling
snacks
with one hand, he snacked on Vienna sausages with the other. Stray alley cats and mangy curs
fight
doesnt
washes
fought around his feet for food scraps, so he didnt need a cleaning service. He seldom washed his
Black and Decker drill or Craftsman chisel, and he squirts tobacco juice into his spit sink. I
recommend
recommended him only with strong reservation.

Exercise 12 Using Active and Passive Voice

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

P
P
P
A
A
P
P
P
P
P
A

Ill tell you a story.

A local ventriloquist experienced a tragedy the other day.
He was delighting hundreds of his fans at a local county fair performance.

All three major television networks covered the story.

Thousands of curious folk viewed the scene of the mysterious combustion.
The publicity has made the ventriloquist a rich man.

Exercise 13 Using Strong Verbs

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

My watch runs slowly.

My computer costs little.
The horse ran swiftly.
They wrote well.
The dog sleeps on the bed.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Mr. Hawkins sells real estate.

Jos attends Santa Ana College.
I like this assignment.
We students have succeeded here.
She combs her hair.

Exercise 14 Using Strong Verbs

1. Babe Ruth hit many home runs.
2. The chef liked food.
3. I plan to graduate in two years.
4. John Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence.
5. Juanita organized the event.
6. She likes to cook.
7. Carl owned the restaurant.
8. Tiger Woods will win the tournament.
9. They loved each other.

10. His passion for her died.

Exercise 15 Correcting Verb Problems

Summary of The Old Man and the Sea

has
Santiago, one of many local fishermen, have not caught a fish in eighty-four
believes
days. Young Manolin, despite the objections of his parents, has a belief in the old
say
man. His parents says Santiago is unlucky, and they will not let their son go fishing
with him.
sets
catches
uses
The next day Santiago sit sail. Soon he catch a small tuna, which he used for bait.
hits
raise
Then a huge marlin hit the bait with a strike. The old man cannot rise the fish to the
pulls
surface, and it pulled the boat throughout the rest of the day and during the night.
becomes
During the second day, Santiagos hand is injured by the line and he become
extremely tired, but he holds on. When the fish moves to the surface, Santiago
is
seen
notes that it was two feet longer than his skiff. It is the biggest fish he has ever saw.
wonders
He thinks in wonder if he will be up to the task of catching it. With the line braced
sleeps
across his shoulders, he sleeped for a while. As he dreams gloriously of lions and
awakened
porpoises and of being young, he is awaken by the fish breaking water again, and
lies
Santiago is sure the fish is tiring. He lays in the boat and waits.
comes
pulls
On the third day, the fish came to the surface. Santiago pull steadily on the line,
he harpoons kills it He ties the fish
and finally it is harpooned and killed by Santiago. The fish is tied to the skiff by him.
attack
But sharks attacked and mutilate the huge marlin. Using an oar, he beats on the sharks
strip
courageously with all his strength, but they strips the fish to a skeleton.
returns

With the bones still tied to the skiff, the exhausted old man returned to shore.
Other fishermen and tourists marvel at the eighteen-foot skeleton of the fish as the
lies
knows
old man lays asleep. The young boy knew he has much to learn from the old man and
is determined to go fishing with him.

Exercise 16 Writing Sentences with Correct Verbs

Sentences will vary.

CHAPTER 10 Pronouns
Exercise 1 Selecting Pronouns
1. (Who, Whom) is next in line for the throne?
2. (Who, Whom) should we call if we need help assembling our new antigravity machine?
3. We all know (who, whom) put the superglue on the bosss chair.
4. With (who, whom) are you dancing next?
5. The sailor (who, whom) swabbed the deck did an excellent job.
6. When her husband suggested that it would be fun to host a party for one hundred of their closest friends,
she replied, Fun for (who, whom)?
7. (Who, Whom) did you marry in Las Vegas drive-thru wedding chapel?
8. The contestant (who, whom) tripped on her evening gown and fell still managed to win first runner-up.
9. He will call the plumber, (who, whom) will know what to do.

10. What you know is not as important as (who, whom) you know, he confided.

Exercise 2 Selecting Pronouns

1. She/ I
2. We
3. her
4. who
5. who
6. whom
7. Who
8. who
9. whoever
10. me

Exercise 3 Selecting Pronouns

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

me
me
who
I
who

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

who
whom
me
who
who, who

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

who
she, her
who
me
me

Exercise 4 Selecting Pronouns

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

me
me
who, who
me
whom

Exercise 5 Selecting Pronouns: Person, Gender, and Number

who
1. The man which
founded Tree Climbers International likes to go out on limbs as often as possible.

his or her

2. Everyone will now pause to offer their thanks to the man who invented the air conditioner.

his or her

3. The savvy airboat rider keeps their mouth closed to avoid eating bugs.
who

4. The individual which was abducted by aliens promises to tell all in her upcoming book.

who

5. People which live in stone houses should not throw glass.

his or her

6. Practically every person is bothered by their particular pet peeve.

7. Around these parts, the wooly worm is thought to predict the severity of the upcoming winter by
its

the thickness of their coat.

its

8. In the summer, a cricket can reveal the temperature if you count the number of their chirps over

15 seconds.
who

9. Someone which adds thirty-seven to the number of the crickets chirps will know exactly how hot

it is in degrees Fahrenheit.

10. So far, the only thing the cockroach has been able to reveal is the lack of success of the
it calls

restaurant they call home.

Exercise 6 Selecting Pronouns: Person, Gender, and Number

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

they, us
they
their
their
their

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

they
its
its
his
their

Exercise 7 Selecting Pronouns: Reference and Agreement

1. which a practice that
2. they the staff members
3. you she
4. they didnt answer no one answered
5. it the display
6. It says in the the newspaper says
7. which a habit that
8. that he already possessed the thing he craved most You already possess the thing you
crave most.
9. They Race fans
10. that he may have given up on love too soon I may have given up on love too soon.

Exercise 8 Writing Sentences with Correct Pronouns

Answers will vary.

CHAPTER 11 Adjectives and Adverbs

Exercises 1, 2, and 3 Using Adjectives and Adverbs
Answers will vary.

Exercise 4 Selecting Adjectives and Adverbs

1. most
2. really
3. hardly
4. badly/ really

5. well
6. best
7. real
8. hardly
9. bad
10. most

Exercise 5 Selecting Adjectives and Adverbs

Correct any problems with adjectives and adverbs in the following sentences.
1. After her eighth cup of coffee, she is one of the most liveliest women in the office.
really badly

well.

2. He wanted the fry cook job real bad, but his interview didnt go good.
^

3. As he strolled through Bronco Bobs Bar and Boot Shop, he knew that he had never seen a more
nearly

perfect setting for a square dance.

^

really

4. He was real sorry for eating her artistic masterpiece, so he offered his sincere apologies.
^

better

5. Of the two weightlifters, Carlos is best at clean-and-jerk lifts.

^

good

6. She looks well in Spandex and sequins.

^

happy.

7. After her divorce, she finally felt happily.

^

badly

8. The skater fell during every one of her jumps, so she performed pretty bad.
^

more loudly

9. My baby cries louder than that baby.

^

best

10. In a blind taste test, most consumers said that Squirt was the better of the three leading brands of
^

imitation cheese food.

Exercise 6 Selecting Adjectives and Adverbs

1. really/ good
2. any
3. not
4. oddest
5. most
6. really
7. strangest
8. well

9. best/ fastest
10. more

Exercise 7 Correcting Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers

D 1. Driving through the Brazilian ran forest, we spotted leafcutter ants going
about their work.
M 2. This tribe of ants is one of the few creatures that grow food on this planet.
M 3. Leafcutter ants cleverly learned to farm over 50 million years ago.
D 4. Climbing trees, the ants cut down the leaves and bite them into the
shape of half moons.
M 5. Then, each ant hoists a leaf, weighing ten times more than it does,
and carries it back down the tree toward the nest.
M 6. Marching home with their leaves, the ants resemble a parade of fluttering green flags.
M 7. Carried into the subterranean tunnels of the nest, the cargo is deposited
by the leafcutters.
M 8. Taking over, the gardeners ants clean, clip, and spread the leaves with
secretions from their bodies.
M 9. The ants place fungus on the hunk s of leaves, lined up in neat rows.
M10. Cultivated for good, the ants fungus garden is fertilized by the leaves.

Exercise 8 Writing Sentences with Correct Modifiers

__M__

1. I observed the parade of floats and marching bands on the rooftop.

__D__

On the rooftop, I observed the parade of floats and marching bands.

2. Flat busted, my piano had to be pawned for cash.
Flat busted, I had to pawn my piano for cash.

__M__

3. The alleged burglar addressed the judge on his knees.

On his knees, the alleged burglar addressed the judge.

__M__

4. Freshly snared from the ocean floor, he enjoyed the delicious lobster.
He enjoyed the delicious lobster, freshly snared from the ocean floor.

__M__

5. Wearing a strapless velvet evening gown, Bob thought his wife looked
ravishing.

Bob thought his wife, wearing a strapless velvet evening gown, looked
ravishing.
__M__

6. The student asked to see the school nurse with a sore throat.
The student with a sore throat asked to see the school nurse.
7. The lost child held on tight to the detective crying for his mommy.

__M__
__D__

Crying for his mommy, the lost child held on tight to the detective.
8. Cursing like a longshoreman, the baby finally arrived after her thirtyrecord holder sixth hour of labor.
After thirty-six hours of labor, the woman cursed like a longshoreman
as the baby finally arrived.

__D__

9. By jumping on a trampoline, your heart gets a good cardiovascular

workout.
By jumping on a trampoline, you give your heart a good
cardiovascular workout.

__M__

10. The outlaw phoned his granny in a pickle.

In a pickle, the outlaw phoned his granny.

Exercise 9 Writing Sentences with Adjectives and Adverbs

Answers will vary.

CHAPTER 12 Punctuation and Capitalization

Exercise 1 Using Commas
1.
2.
3.
4.

Frankenstein, . . . October 3, 1818, . . . gifted,

university,
theory, . . . living,
Victor, . . . process,

11.
12.
13.
14.

lightly, . . . monster, . . . troubled,

loudly,
fever,
illness,

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

parts,
articles,
items,
strange,
tall, . . . wide,
creature, . . . hideous,

15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

befuddlement,
walking, . . . strange,
creature,
after, . . . rest,
monster,
self-pity,

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

anticipation,
project,
say, . . . unexpected,
away,
married, . . . fully, . . . enraged,
wedding, . . . horrified,
killing the monster,
desolate, . . . North,
visit,
friend, love, . . . soul, and, therefore,

Exercise 2 Using Commas

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

monster, . . . desperate,
house,
simple,
however,
monster, . . . dejected,
innocent, . . . brother,
horror,
demands,
him,
away, . . . parts,

Exercise 3 Using Semicolons and Commas

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Cyberella;
raucously, . . . computer,
button; therefore,
Internet,
education; naturally,
opportunity; however,
Web; . . .
Prince; princess,
Transylvania; in fact,
room;
hour; or , . . . thought,
heart; therefore,
question; . . . strike, . . . dark,

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

correspondent; he, therefore,

necessary; moreover,
Southwest,
Amarillo, Texas; Tucumcari, New Mexico;
Tulsa, Oklahoma; and Window Rock,
Igor; however,
instructions; of course,
Cool4aday, . . . elated; therefore, . . .
holiday, . . . glee,
Asked, or ; . . . response, said, No,
very very nice, . . . asked,
Yes, . . . printer,
after, . . . while; . . . palace, . . . test,

Exercise 4 Using Quotation Marks and Italics

1. Professor Jones said, Now we will read from The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe.
2. The enthusiastic students shouted, We like Poe! We like Poe!
3. The professor lectured for fifty-seven minutes before he finally said, In conclusion, I say that Poe was
an unappreciated writer during his lifetime.
4. The next speaker said, I believe that Poe said, A short story should be short enough so that

a person can read it in one sitting.

5. Then, while students squirmed, he read The Fall of the House of Usher in sixty-eight minutes.
6. Now we will do some reading in unison, said Professor Jones.
7. The students were not pleased that they would be reading only the word nevermore from The Raven.
8. The professor reached into his bag of props, took out a dark, feathered object, and said, I have brought
a stuffed raven.
9. Thats not a raven. Thats a crow, said a student who was majoring in ornithology.
10. The professor waggled his finger playfully at his audience and said, I believe Coleridge once observed,
Art sometimes requires the willing suspension of disbelief.

Exercise 5 Using Correct Punctuation and Capital Letters

Will Rogers (1879-1935) was a famous movie star, newspaper writer, and lecturer. A part-Cherokee
Indian, he was born in what was then Indian Territory before Oklahoma became a state. He is especially
known for his humor and his social and political criticism. He said, My ancestors may not have come over
on the Mayflower, but they met em at the boat. He said that when many Oklahomans moved to California in
the early l1030s, the average IQ increased in both states. In his early years, he was a first-class performer in
rodeos, circuses, and variety shows. When he performed in variety shows, he often twirled a rope. He usually
began his presentations by saying, All I know is what I read in the papers. Continuing to be close to his
Oklahoma roots, he appeared in fifty-on silent movies and twenty-one talking movies. At the age of fifty-six,
he was killed in an airplane crash near Point Barrow, Alaska. He was so popular and influential that his
statue now stands in Washington, D.C. On another statue of his in Claremore, Oklahoma, is inscribed one of
his most famous sayings: I never met a man I didnt like.

Exercise 6
)

Jack (Jackie) Roosevelt Robinson 19191972

was born in Pasadena California. After excelling in
^
^

^,

sports in high school and community college he transferred to UCLA, where he lettered in four
^,

sports baseball, basketball, football, and track. In world war II he was commissioned second
^
:

lieutenant in the army. After he was discharged he joined the negro league as a player with the
^,

Kansas City Monarchs for $100 a week. In 1947 he was offered a tryout with the Brooklyn dodgers.
Before no African Americans had been allowed to participate in the minor or major leagues. After
^,

signing a contract, Jackie Robinson was sent to the minor leagues and there he played for one year
^,

with Montreal a team in the International League. Following a year in which he was the best hitter
^,

in the league he was brought up to the major leagues. During the first year 1947 he showed his
^,

^,
M

^,
V

greatness and was named the rookie of the year. Two years later he was the most valuable player in
N

the national league

and won the batting title with a .342 average. Despite the initial bigoted
^
opposition by some baseball fans and players he performed with dignity courage and skill.
^,

^,

Nevertheless he was an independent proud person. In the book Players of Cooperstown Mike Tully
H [

^,

^,

wrote^,he Robinson refused to be someone he was not, refused to conform to an image of a man who
^ ^

^,

^,

knew his place.

Because sports is such a high profile activity Jackie Robinson is credited with
^
^,

playing a significant role in breaking down the racial barriers in society. In his ten years in the major
W

leagues he helped his team reach the world series six times. He was inducted into the Baseball hall
F

^,

of fame in 1962.
^

Exercise 7 Writing Sentences with Correct Punctuation

Answers will vary.

CHAPTER 13 Spelling and Commonly Confused Words

Exercise 1 Using Correct Spelling
Professor Pufnagel was torturing his English students once again, and he
familiar role
assistance
relished his familar evil roll. Today, class, we will write without the assistence
prescription
of computers. In fact, never again will we use them in this class. They are a perscription
laziness
too
a lot
for lazyness. And they make life to easy for alot of you.
professor
stressing
The profesor lectured the students for an hour, stresing that when he was in
environment extolled
writing
school, there were no computers in his enviroment. He extoled the virtues of writting
pencils
dependable
with little yellow pensils, fountain pens, and solid, dependible typewriters. He went
on with his ranting, listing computer games, television sets, frozen foods, plastic wrap,
aspirin
similar
led
asperin, and Velcro as similiar and familiar negative forces that had lead society to
its truly
pitiful
its truely sorry state. You are nothing but a pityful pack of party people, and you
receive
will recieve no sympathy from me, he sputtered. Grabbing a students laptop
athlete
computer, Pufnagel reared back and, like an athalete, hurled it against the wall. In
shining
the corner of the classroom lay a pile of high-tech junk, once fine shinning machines,
awful
now just garbagesmashed in a senseless, aweful war against technology.
stared embarrassed
their
The students starred in embarassed amazement at there professor, who was
nervous
developing a nervious twitch. His mouth began twisting and contorting as his limbs
jerked with the helter-skelter motion of a tangled marionette. He clutched
desperately
pour
desparately at his throat, and smoke began to poor out of his ears and neck.
Unconscious
Unconsious, he crashed to the floor with a clatter.
One of the students, who had just taken a CPR class, rushed forward and
attempted to revive the fallen educator. As the student pounded with a catchy rap
rhythm
heard

rhythem on the chest of his stricken teacher, everyone herd a loud pop and sizzle.
popped
It was a door in Pufnagels chest, which had poped open to reveal the complex
electrical control panel of a short-circuited cyborg!
then
government
Just than a security team in white jumpsuits from student goverment entered the
rolled
class, carefully deposited Pufnagel on a wheelbarrow, and roled him out to the Faculty
Service Center.

Ladies
A few minutes later a Professor Ramirez arrived. Ladys and gentlemen, she
its
previous
said, its time to start your search engines. Your prevous professors mainframe is
down, but Im his substitute and mine is fine, fine, fine, fine, fine, fine, fine, fine,
fine, fine. . . .

Exercise 2 Spelling Confusing Words

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

hear
than
their
through
piece
all right
passed
too
advice
a lot

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

already
chose
receive
quite
could have
lose
its
accept
know
paid

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

truly
weather
advise
accept
a lot
choose
its
two
there
written

Exercise 3 Spelling Confusing Words

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

all right
peace
receive
then
thorough
quiet
patients
altogether could have
led
grammar

Exercise 4

Avoiding Wordy Phrasing

1. together
2. in the near future soon
3. As a matter of fact In fact
4. in my heart that
5. due to the fact that because
6. In this modern world Now of the
7. for the reason that because
8. At the present time Now
9. in the near future soon
10. personally