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TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................... 1
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................... 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................ 2
1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 3
1.1 OBJECTIVE................................................................................................... 4
2.0 LIMITATION AND ASSUMPTION.........................................................................5
3.0 METHODOLOGY............................................................................................. 6
3.1 TORQUE CALCULATION.................................................................................7
4.0 STRESS ANALYSIS......................................................................................... 8
4.1 FIXTURE ON WHEELCHAIR FRAME...................................................................8
4.2 LOAD APPLIED ON THE WHEELCHAIR FRAME...................................................9
4.3 MESH INFORMATION......................................................................................10
4.4 MESH DETAIL................................................................................................ 10
4.5 ALUMINUM FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS.............................................................12
4.5.1 STUDY RESULT FOR ALUMINUM...................................................................13
4.6 TITANIUM FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS..............................................................16
4.6.1 STUDY RESULT FOR TITANIUM.....................................................................17
5.0 DISCUSSION................................................................................................. 21
6.0 CONCLUSION................................................................................................ 22
7.0 REFERENCE................................................................................................. 23
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to acknowledge our Finite Element Methods lecturer, Dr Nik Ahmad Ridhwan for
his help and guidance throughout the timeline of completing the project. Without his guidance, it
would be difficult for us to complete the project. Therefore, we would like to thank him for the
guidance and help.
ABSTRACT
As a requirement for Finite Element Methods subject, we are required to do Finite Element
analysis on a structure. We do our Finite Element analysis on a wheelchair using Solidworks. We
only analyse a crucial part of the frame of the wheelchair which is made from common material
(Aluminium) using Solidworks. From the analysis, we have been able to identify the location
where maximum stress, displacement and strain occur on the frame of the wheelchair. As
suggestion/improvements we analyse the frame once again with different and stronger material.
(Titanium)
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1
A wheelchair as shown in figure 1 is a chair with wheels. The device comes in variations
allowing either manual propulsion by the seated occupant turning the rear wheels by hand, or
electric propulsion by motors. There are often handles behind the seat to allow it to be pushed by
another person. Wheelchairs are used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due
to illness, injury, or disability. Wheelchair seating systems are designed for wheelchair users to
redistribute pressure from areas of the body that are at risk of pressure ulcers. Wheelchair
cushions are also used to provide stability, comfort, and aid posture and absorb shock. For the
analysis, only the frame of the wheelchair is considered as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
3
1.1
Objectives
The objective of the project is to analyse the frame of the wheelchair using Finite
Element Method in Solidworks to determine the critical location where maximum stress,
maximum strain, and maximum displacement occurs. Meanwhile another aim is to find an
alternative solution to improvise any problem surfaces during the analysis.
2.0
Assumptions are things in study that are somewhat out of control but if they disappear the study
would become irrelevant while for limitations are potential weaknesses in the study that cannot
be controlled. For our study, the limitations and assumptions that has been identified are as
follows
neglected.
Wheelchair is stationary
Fixed geometry at four wheels
Analysis was focused on the seat only and the beams that supported the seat
Concentrated force at the centre of the seat ( 100kg x 9.81 m/s-2 = 981 N )
3.0
Methodology
To start up the project, the first thing to do is to understand the title and the objective of the
project. The next step that can be done is to search for information regarding the objective given.
There are several method that can be used to collect the information such as through
revision from previous thesis, interview, browsing through the internet and searching for
literature reviews from books, journal or articles.
For this project, internet is the main reference as it contain information regarding the
project. There are lots of problems statement that can be found through the internet that can be
used to improve the design.
First the Preliminary study for the wheelchair was performed to determine the most
suitable design to use in SolidWork. The design of wheelchair that commonly used in hospital
was selected as it is the most basic type of wheelchair.
Then the analysis that was performed shows the stress and displacement that occurs on
the frame of the wheelchair when the load was applied at specified point. The data presented are
obtained using Solidwork.
3.1
Torque Calculation
For calculation of torque, the distance between the centre of the force and the frame was 43cm.
where F = 981N , r = 0.43m
=Fr
( 981 ) ( 0.43 )
421.83 Nm
421.83
=211.8 Nm
2
4.0
Stress Analysis
The wheelchair frame is analyzed by finite element analysis using SOLIDWORKS software. The
simulation conducted using Aluminum 6061-T6 grade alloy and Titanium 3Al-2.5Sn grade alloy.
4.1
Fixture
name
Fixture Image
Fixture Details
Entities:
Type:
6 face(s)
Fixed Geometry
Fixed-1
Resultant Forces
Components
Reaction
force(N)
Reaction
Moment(N.m)
Resultant
-0.907991
-1.13648
0.838459
1.679
Assumption was made for the fixture support because the fixture on the wheels on the
wheelchair is not fixed. So, we made an assumption for fixture on the frame to allow stimulation
to happen.
4.2
Load
name
Load Image
Load Details
Torque-1
Entities:
Reference:
Type:
Value:
1 face(s)
Face< 1 >
Apply torque
-211.8 N.m
Torque-2
Entities:
Reference:
Type:
Value:
1 face(s)
Face< 1 >
Apply torque
211.8 N.m
The load applied is torque from the center of the frame which came from the wheelchair seat.
The force from the seat is set at 100kg. This situation plays a person with weight of 100kg seat
on the wheelchair. Then the force transmitted to the beam on the frame and creating torsional
force on the frame.
4.3
Mesh Information
Mesh type
Solid Mesh
9
Mesher Used:
Standard mesh
Automatic Transition:
On
Of
Jacobian points
4 Points
Element Size
0.305054 in
Tolerance
0.0152527 in
Mesh Quality
High
Of
4.4
Mesh Details
Total Nodes
104974
Total Elements
59567
15.109
94.8
0.0436
% of distorted elements(Jacobian)
00:00:08
Computer name:
MELCHI-PC
10
4.5
Properties
Model Reference
Properties
Components
Name:
Model type:
Default
failure
criterion:
Yield
strength:
Tensile
strength:
Elastic
modulus:
Poisson's
ratio:
Mass density:
Shear
modulus:
Thermal
expansion
coefficient:
Curve Data:N/A
4.5.1
12
6061-T6 (SS)
Linear Elastic
Isotropic
Max von Mises
Stress
2.75e+008
N/m^2
3.1e+008
N/m^2
6.9e+010
N/m^2
0.33
2700 kg/m^3
2.6e+010
N/m^2
2.4e-005 /Kelvin
SolidBody 1(Fillet5)
(Caster1/CasterFork-1),
SolidBody 1(Fillet5)
(Caster2/CasterFork-1),
SolidBody 3(Mirror2)
(SideFrame-1),
SolidBody 5(BossExtrude1[1])
(SideFrame-1),
SolidBody 7(BossExtrude1[2])
(SideFrame-1)
Name
Type
Min
Max
Stress1
0 N/m^2
1.40772e+008 N/m^2
Node: 1
Node: 94990
Wheelchair-Static 1-Stress-Stress1
Name
Type
Min
Max
Displacement1
URES: Resultant
Displacement
0 mm
5.80901 mm
Node: 1
Node: 19740
13
Name
Type
Min
Max
Wheelchair-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement1
Name
Type
Min
Max
Strain1
ESTRN:
Equivalent
0.001797
91
14
Element:
Name
Type
Min
Max
Strain
Element: 24122
Wheelchair-Static 1-Strain-Strain1
4.6
15
Properties
Model Reference
Properties
Components
Name:
Model type:
Default
failure
criterion:
Yield
strength:
Tensile
strength:
Compressive
strength:
Elastic
modulus:
Poisson's
ratio:
Mass density:
Shear
modulus:
Thermal
expansion
coefficient:
Curve Data:N/A
4.6.1
16
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn
Annealed (SS)
Linear Elastic
Isotropic
Max von Mises
Stress
7.44634e+008
N/m^2
8.61e+008
N/m^2
8.3e+008
N/m^2
1.103e+011
N/m^2
0.31
4480 kg/m^3
4.8e+010
N/m^2
9e-006 /Kelvin
SolidBody 1(Fillet5)
(Caster1/CasterFork-1),
SolidBody 1(Fillet5)
(Caster2/CasterFork-1),
SolidBody 3(Mirror2)
(SideFrame-1),
SolidBody 5(BossExtrude1[1])
(SideFrame-1),
SolidBody 7(BossExtrude1[2])
(SideFrame-1)
Name
Type
Min
Max
Stress1
0 N/m^2
1.40463e+008 N/m^2
Node: 1
Node: 94990
Wheelchair-Static 1-Stress-Stress1
17
Name
Type
Min
Max
Displacement1
URES: Resultant
Displacement
0 mm
3.62145 mm
Node: 1
Node: 19740
Wheelchair-Static 1-Displacement-Displacement1
18
Name
Type
Min
Max
Strain1
0.00110521
Element: 1
Element: 24122
Wheelchair-Static 1-Strain-Strain1
The red area shows the maximum strain happen on the wheelchair frame.
19
5.0
Discussion
20
6.0
Conclusion
As for conclusion, we successfully analyse the frame of the wheelchair using Finite Element
Method in Solidwork. By simulating the wheelchair, the critical location where maximum stress,
maximum strain and maximum displacement that occurs had been determined. The material that
we choose that is suitable to replace Aluminium 6061-T6 is Titanium 5AL-2.5Sn Annealed. The
material is much stronger and can withstand more force that exerted at the frame. But the
downside is that the material is more expensive.
21
7.0
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair
https://grabcad.com/questions/how-to-model-a-mesh-in-solidworks
http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA6061t6
http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MTA520
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