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    15 views77 pages

    Cap11 - Dynamics - F Beer & e Russel - 5th Edition Solution Bo PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mauro Ataides Cardoso

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 77
    SO OCU Rm creel) sc Ll Vector Mechanics for Engineers ao ' Ferdinand P. Beer PECs eel olan olan POCOOOO OHH OOOOOEOOOOOOOOEH OOO SOOO OOOHOOHOOOSO LOCO Instructor's Manual to Accompany Vector Mechanics for Engineers | pynamics Fifth Edition FERDINAND P. BEER E. RUSSELL JOHNSTON, sr a ‘ro Tu TstaucTOR: [Az indtonted in Sts preface, VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS: DYNAMICS ie designed for a firat course in dynanics. Nev concepts have therefore been pre~ sented in simple terms and every step explained in detail. Hovever, because of ‘the large number of optional sections which have been included and the maturity of appronch vieh bas been achieved, this text say also be used to tench «course ‘Viich vill challenge the more advanced student The text has been divided into units, each corresponding to a well-defined topic and consisting of one oF several theory sections, one or several Sample Problanc, anda lange musber of problens to te sasigned. To agelot the instructor in uaking up ¢ echedile of ascignnente that vill best fit hie clesseo, the variout Yopice covered fn the text have been Listed in Dable I and a avagested mamber of periods to be spent on each topic has been indicated. Both e minimum and a maxi- Bun number of periods have been suggested and the topics vbieh form the standard Basse course in Dynamics have been feperates from those waich are optional, The total number of periods required to tench the standard course veries fram 27 to Ug, white covering the entire text voulé requfre 0 to ST pertods. In most in- stances, of course, the instructor vill vast to include sone, but not ail of the additional material presented in the tert. Tf allovance 1s aude for the tine Spent for review and’ quizzes, it is seen that this text is equally suiteble for ‘teaching the standard basic Dynamics course in ¥0 to 45 periods and for teaching ‘a nore complete Dynmice course to advanced students. In addition, it should be hoted that STANIOS and DIANTCS may be used together to teach a combined ln or Seoredit-hour course covering all the essential topics in Dynamics, as vell Ghose sections of Statica whieh are prerequiites to the atuty of Dynamics (ace ‘ables VE, VII, and VIII. ‘The problens have been grouped arcording to the portions of material they funastrate and have been arranged in order of increasing difficulty, with prob ens requiring specisi attention indicated by asterisks. The instrictor's attention is eallea to the fact that, in most cases, problans have deen arrenged in groups of ¥ or more, al problens of the sane rdup being closely related. This means that the instructor vill easily find additional protlens to amplity @ particular point vntch he may have brought up in Aiscussing a probler aasimet for honevork. In this new edition of YECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGIEERS, © grou of four problens designed to be solved with » computer has been added tothe review problens at the end of each chapter. The solutions of these problems ‘may be found in this manual; they consist of the required prograna in both BASIC and FONTAN versions and of the tabulated nimerical results. Mo assist in the preparation of homevork ascignnents Table IT provides a brief deseription of all groups of problens and a classification of the problems {in each group accoréing to the unite used. It should also be noted that the anavers to all even-numbered problens are given st the end of the text. Because Of the large number of problene available in both systess of unite, the instruc tor has the choice of assigning problews using SI unite and probleis using U.S. customary units In vhatever proportion is found to be nost desirable for a given class. To {llustrate this point, a sample lesson schedule t= shown in Tables LLL, Iv, and V, together with various alternative lists cf eesiened homework probiens. “ali of the probleme in ench of the four lists sugested in Table TIT fare stated in ST units and hal? in U.S. customary units. On the other hand, the four Lists suggested in Table IV offer a larger muber of proplens stated in SI unite (158 £f all problens are used, and OTF if only the first three oF the Dest three problens of Gach aseignaent are used). Instructors vho prefer-to assign problens in SI units only may use Liste A and D in Sable V, while those wo wish ‘to assign problems in U.S. custonary units only should use Iisty C and Din the ace table Tt should be noted that transperencies for overhead projectors for the solutions of selected problens are available to the instructor upon request. Since the approach used in this text difters in the number of respects trom ‘the approach used in other books, the instructor vill be vell advised to read ‘he preface to VECION MECHANICS FOR RNGINEERS, in whieh the authors have out Lined their general philosophy. Tn addition, the instructor wil find in the following pages & description, chapter ty chapter, of the more significant Features of this text. Ie is hoped that this material vill help the instructor An organizing his course £0 best ft the needs of his students. Tee authors wish to scknowledge the many helpful coments and suggestions offered by the users of the previous editions of YDOTO MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS ‘and of WECHATTCS FOR EXCTIEEHS.” The authors also vish to thank Professor Allen C. Chao of the Departnent of Civil Bneinerring of North Carctina Stato University for checking their solutions and Bruce P. Johnston for assistance in prograsming those problens designed to be solved vith «computer. Ferdinand P. Beer E. Russell dohnston, Jr. “ OOO OCOO COSCO SOOCOOOOOOOOSHO OSES COCOOOOHO OO EOES DESCRIPTION OF THE MATERIAL CONTAINED 10 ‘VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS: DYNAMICS", Fifth Edstion Ll, Kinematics of Particles In this chapter, the motion of bodies is studied without regard to their size; all bodies are desuned to reduce to single particles. The analysis of the effect of the size of s body and the study of the Felative motion of the various particles forsing @ given body are postponed until Chapter 15. Tn order to prosert the simpler topics first, Chepter 11 has een divided nto two parts! rectilinear action of particles, and curvilinear motion of particles. Im Section 11.2, poattion, velocity and acceleration are defined for a perticle in rectilinear motion! They are defined as quantities which my be Sither positive or negative and studente should be varnea sot to confuse position Coordinate and distance traveled, of velocity and epee. The significance of positive and negative acceleration should be stressed. Negative acceleration may Snageate a lose in speed in the positive direction or a gain in spect in the negative direction. As they begin the stuly of @ynanice, many stutents are under the belief luoet the notion of a partiole mat be esther form or uniformly accelerated. Yo destroy this misconception, the action of a particle ie firet described under ‘very general conditions, sstusing a varfabie acceleration which may depend upon the time, the position, ‘or the velocity of the particle (Sec. 11.3). fo Tactic Late the handling of the initial conditions, definite integrals, rather chan in- definite integrals, are used in the lntegration of the equstions of motion. ‘The specisi equations relating to uniform and uniformly accelerated motion fare derived im Sections 112 and 11-5. The students should be warned to check carefully, before using these equations, thet the action under consideration ts Setually @ un{form or a uniformly accelerated motion. ‘Two important concepts are introduced {n Section 11.6: (1) the concept of relative notion, vhich vill be developed further in Sectious 11-12 and 15.5, (2) he concept of dependent notions and of degrees of freedom. ime first part of Chapter 12 ends with the presentation of several graph deal methods of Solution of rectiltnear-notion probiess (Seca. 12-7 and 11-8) ‘Tale material {e optional and may be omitted. Several problene in which the dats are given in graphical form have been Sucluded (e.g., Probe. 21-72 ~ 11.75)+ ‘Te second part of the chapter begins with the Sntroduction of the vectors defining the position, velocity and acceleration of a particle tn curvilinear notion, The derivative of vector function ie defined and introduced at thie point (Sec. 1110), The motion of e particle is first studied in terns of ree~ Zenguler components (Sec. 11.11); it Se shovn thet in many cases (for example, projectiles) the study of curvilinear notion may be reduced to thet of two fh Sependent rectilinear motions. The concept of fixed and soving frames of ref= erence is introduced in Section 11.12 and immediately used 0 trest the relative notion of partiel Sections 11.13 and 21.14 introduce respectively the use of tangentiel and ormel components, and of radial and transverse cosponente. Both systems of Coordinates are fret introduced in two dimension ani then extended vo include ‘hree=dineneional space. SOOOOOOOOSOOHSOOOOOSHOOOOO OOOH SESOOOOOCOOOOOOOOES 12, Kinetics of Particles: Newton's Second Lav As indicated earlier, this chapter and the following tvo are concerned only vith the kinetics of particles and eyetons of particles. They neglect the effect Of the size of the bodies considered and ignore the rotation of the bodies about thelr masg center. The effect of size vill be taken Lato account ia Chapters 16 ‘through 18, Which desl with the kinetics of rigid Bodies: Section 12.2 presente Nevton's second law of motion and introduces the con- cept of @ nevtonian franc of Teference. In Gestion 12.3 the concept of Linear nosentun of a particle is introduced, and Newton's secant lav is expressed in its iternate form, vaich states that the resultant of the forces acting on a particle is equal to the rate of change of the linear momentum of the particle. Section 12.4 revieve the two systens of unite weed in this text and previouely discussed in See. 2.3, namely the SI metric units snd the U.S. customary unite. Ths Pection also exphastzes the difference between an absolute and a gravitetionsl A number of probiene vith tvo degrees of frecion have been included (propieas 12.26 throwgh 12.33), some of vbich require a careful analysis of the accelerations invoived (see tiple Probie 12.4). Section 12.5 applies Wewton'a second lav to the study of the motion of a particle in tems of rectangular cospanente aid tengential nd normal components. En Section 12.6, dynamic equilibrium is presested as en alternate vay of express~ ing lewton's second lav of notion, although it vill not be used in any of the Semple Probless in this text. love that the term inertie vector ts used in pref~ erence to inertie force oF reversed effective force to a¥old any possible con In Section 12.7 the concept of angular momentum of a particle Le introduce’, and tlevion's eecond Taw ie aed to show that the fun of the moments stout a point O of the forces acting on a particle ie equal to the rate of change of the ai gular romentun of the particle soovt 0, ection 12.8 analyzes the sotion of a particle in terms of redial and traneveree components, and Section 12.9 considers Zhe particilar case of the motion of a pertiele under's central force: The early) Unteoduction of the concept of ugular nomentun greatly facilitates the afscugsion of this motion, Gaction 12.20 presents Hewton's lav of gravitation and sts eppli- Cation to the stuty of the action of earth sstellites. Sections 12.11 through 12.13 are optional. Section 12.11 derives the aifrer= ential equation of the trajectory of a particle under a central force, vile Section 12.12 discusses the trajectories of antellites and other space vehicles under the grevitat ional attraction of the earth. Waile the genersl equation of orbital notion is derived (2g. 12,39), ite application is restricted to 1sunchings in which the velocity at burnout is parallel to the surface of the earth, (Golique Leunchings are considered ip Section 13.9.) The periodic tine ie found airectly fron the fundamental cesinition cf areal velocity rather than ty formles requiring © previous knovledge of the properties of conic sections. The instruct Or wilt note tost he may omit Sections 12-11 through 12.13 and yet assign © number OF interesting apace mechanics problene to his seucenta after thoy have reached Section 13.9. COOOL OCOHOOSDOOOEOSTOOOOO OOO ODOE SOO OO OOOOOO ODES 13. Kinetics of Particles: nergy and Momentus Methods After a brie? introduction designed to give to the students sone motivation for the study of this chapter, the concept of work of a force ia introduced in Section 13.2. Attention is called to the fact that the ter work ie always used in connection vith a vell-defined force. Three examples considered are the work of a weight (1.e., the work of the force exerted by the earth on & given body), ‘the work of the farce exerted by a spring on a given body, and the work of © grevitetional force. Confusing statements such es the work done on a body, oF he Work done on a spring are avoided, ‘Me concept of kinetic energy ie introauced in Section 13.3 and the prin ciple of vork and energy ie derived by integration of Newton's equation of notion. In applying the principle of work and energy, the svidente ahould be encouraged to arav separate sketches representing the initial and finel positions of the body (Sec. 13.8). Section 13.5 introsices the concepts of pover end sftiotensy. Sections 13.6 through 13.8 are devoted to the concepts of conservative forces and potentish energy, and to the Principle of conservation of eaeFEy. Potential energy should slvays be nosoctated vith a given conservative force acta ing on e body. By avolding statenente euch aa "the energy contained ins spring” fa clearer presentation of the subject ie olteinsd, vhien will not conflict with ‘he more eavanced concepts that the students may encounter iq later courses. In applying the principle of conservation of energy, the stuients should again be eh couraged to drav scperate sketches represesting the initial and final positions of the body considered. In Section 13.9, the principles of conservation of energy and of conser vation of angular sonentus are applied Jointly to the solution of problems {n= volving conservative ceatrel forces. A large nusber of problem of this type, dealing vith the mation of satellites and cther space vehicles, are availible for Ronevork assignnen:. As noted earlier, these problema (except the last !¥o, Andleuted by astertaks) nay be selved even Sf Sections 12.11 through 12.13 have ‘been omitted, ‘The second part of Chapter 13 $s devoted to the principle of impulse and ‘momentum and to ts epplicstion to the study of the notion of a particle: Section 13.10 introduese the concept of linear impulse and derives the principle of impulse ‘and monentun from Newton's second lav. The instructor shoul empha Size the fact thet impulses and nonenta are vector quantities, Ha should ef= Courage his students to arav three separate eketetes win applying the principle ff impulse and momentum ané show clearly the vectors representing respectively ‘the initial monentun, the y@SHANOAL vomaNTONS Bae, Raa, eit EEE, Ease! eeu wien tare aplttate PCOCOOOOAOHOOOOOOOOOO OOOO OOSOOHOCOOSOOOOOOOOOOO OSES ine of) carson am MSRPIN oF Paw (CTE) =e pote meri ‘wer vo seamgaca reuse ""loace sncering duped fee vibresions ont 7 ‘oa ELC tie rns rain Bigs ict mais peels Ser Bee oI ga = Baise SCCHOOHOOOOOOOOSEEOOOCOSCESOOOOHOSELESSEOCOLOOLOOS 1 ReKARRRR REARRRAR aBRRES! 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