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PERIODICITY AND EXTREME VALUES

VSAQS
Find the periods for the given 1-4 functions.
1. cos (3x + 5) + 7
Sol. f(x) = cos(3x + 5) + 7
period of cos x
2
=
Period =
[coefficient of x] 3
2. tan 5x
Sol. f(x) = tan 5x

Period =
5
3. |sin x|
Sol. f(x) = |sin x|
Period =
| sin( + x) | = ( ( sin x) = (sin x) )
4. tan (x + 4x + 9x + + n2x) (n any positive integer).
Sol. f(x) = tan (x + 4x + 9x + + n2x)
= tan(1 + 4 + 9 + ... + n 2 )x

= tan(12 + 22 + 32 + ... + n 2 )x
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
= tan
x
6

Period =
=
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
5. Find a sine function whose period is 2/3.
2
Sol. f (x) = sin
x = sin(3 x)
2/3
6. Draw cos 2x in the interval [0, ].
Sol.

0 30 45 60 90 135 180

cos 2x 1

1
2

1
1
2

1
y
1

1/2
30 60 90 135 180

1/2
1
y

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7.
Sol.

Draw sin 2x in the interval (0, ).

sin 2x

30 60 90 135 180
3
2

3
2

y
y=1

/4

y=1

8.
Sol.

/2 3/4

Draw sin x in the interval [, +].

180 90
() (/2)

sin x

0
(0)
0

90 180
(/2) ()
1

0
y
1

/2 0

/2

1
y

9. Sketch the region enclosed by y = sin x, y = cos x and x-axis in the interval [0, ].
Sol. y = sin x

3
4

()

1
2

1
2

3
4

()

1
2

1
2

y = cos x

x=
y=sinx
y=cosx

/4 /2 3/4

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10. Draw the graph of y = tan x in ,
2 2

11. Draw the graph of y = cos 2 x in ( 0, )

/ 2

(0, 1)

12. Find the period of the function f ( x ) = 2sin

2
=8
/4
4
x
2
is
=6
Period of cos
/3
3
Period of given function is L.C.M of 8, 6

Period is 24
Period of sin

x
4

+ 3cos

x
3

is

13. If a cos + 3 2 sin + + 6 b , then find the largest value of a and smallest value
4

of b.

Sol. f = cos + 3 2 sin + + 6

4

= cos + 3 2 sin cos + cos sin + 6

4
4

sin cos
= cos + 3 2
+
+6
2
2
3 2
[sin + cos ] + 6
2
= cos + 3sin + 3cos + 6
= cos +

= 3sin + 4 cos + 6
Minimum value = C a 2 + b 2

= 6 32 + 42 = 6 25 = 6 5 = 1
Maximum value = C + a 2 + b 2
= 6 + 5 = 11
a = 1, b = 11.

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14. Find the periods for the following function cos4x.
Sol. Let f(x) = cos4x = (cos2 x)2

1 + cos 2x
=

1 + 2 cos 2x + cos 2 2x
4
1
1 + cos 4x
= 1 + 2 cos 2x +

4
2

1
[1 + 4 cos 2x + 1 + cos 4x ]
8
1
= [3 + 4 cos 2x + cos 4x ]
8
2
=
Period at cos 2x =
2
2
=
Period at cos 4x =
4 2

L.C.M. of , =
2
=

Period of f(x) = .
5sin x + 3cos x
4sin 2x + 5cos x
5sin x + 3cos x
Sol. Let f(x) =
4sin 2x + 5cos x
Period of sin x = 2
Period of cos x = 2
2
=
Period of sin 2x =
2
2
=
Period of cos 2x =
2
Period of f(x) =
L.C.M. of {2, 2, , }= 2
15.

16. . Find the maximum and minimum values of 4sin 2 x + 5cos 2 x

Solution:
4sin 2 x + 5cos 2 x = 4 (1 cos 2 x ) + 5 cos 2 x
= cos 2 x + 4
Maximum value of cos 2 x = 1
Maximum value of cos 2 x + 4 is 1 + 4 = 5
Minimum value of cos 2 x = 0
Minimum value of cos 2 x + 4 is 0 + 4 = 4

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17. Find the minimum and maximum value of 3 cos x + 4 sin x.
Sol. Let f(x) = 3 cos x + 4 sin x

Maximum value of f = C + a 2 + b 2
= 0 + 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25 = 5
Minimum value of f = C a 2 + b 2
= 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25 = 5
18. Find the range of 7 cos x 24 sin x + 5.
Sol. Minimum value of f = C a 2 + b 2

= 5 (24) 2 + 7 2
= 5 576 + 49
= 5 625 = 5 25 = 20
Maximum value of f = C + a 2 + b 2

= 5 + 625 = 5 + 25 = 30

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