PHY 712 Electrodynamics

11-11:50 AM MWF Olin 107

Plan for Lecture 32:
Read material from Chap. 13 & 15
1. Cherenkov radiation
2. Bremsstrahlung
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PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

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PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

04/12/2013

PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

References for notes: Glenn S. Smith, An Introduction to

Electromagnetic Radiation (Cambridge UP, 1997), Andrew
Zangwill, Modern Electrodynamics (Cambridge UP, 2013)
Cherenkov radiation
Discovered ~1930; bluish light emitted by energetic
charged particles traveling within dielectric materials

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qc

PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

Maxwell's potential equations within a material having permittivity

and permeability (Lorentz gauge; cgs Gaussian units)
1
2
2
c
1
2
A 2
c

4
2

t
4
2A

J
2
t
c

Source : charged particle moving on trajectory R q t :

r, t q r R q t

t r R t
Jr, t qR
q
q

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Rq(t)
q

PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

Linard-Wiechert potential solutions:

1
r, t
Rtr b n Rtr
q

bn
Ar, t q
Rtr b n Rtr

Rtr r R q tr
t
R
q r
b n tr
cn
Rtr
tr t
cn

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c
cn c
n

PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

v(t-tr)

R(t)=r-vt
q
vtr1

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vtr2

vtr3

vt

PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

Some algebra
Rt r vt
Rtr r vtr Rt vt tr

t tr cn Rtr Rt vt tr
Quadratic equation for t tr cn :
2
2
2
2
t tr cn R t 2Rt b n t tr cn n t tr cn
2
2
Rt b n Rt b n n 1R 2 t
t tr cn
2
n 1

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PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

Some algebra - - continued

t tr cn

Rt b n

Rt b n

n 1 R t
2

n 1
Denote : Rt b n Rt n cosq t

t tr cn Rt
Rt
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n cosq t n cos2 q t 1 1
2

n 1
2

n cosq t 1 n sin q t
2

n 1
2

PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

Some algebra - - continued

t tr cn Rt

n cosq t 1 n sin 2 q t
2

n 1
Conditions for real solutions for q t if n 1 :

cosq t 0

n sinq t 1

cn

where sinqC
n v
1

q t qC

t tr cn Rt
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n cosq t 1 n sin 2 q t
2

n 1
2

PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

10

v(t-tr)

q R(t)=r-vt
vtr1 vtr2 vtr3 vt

cn(t-tr)

qc
vtr1 vtr2 vtr3 vtr4 vt

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PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

11

Linard-Wiechert potential solutions for this case:

1
r, t
Rtr b n Rtr
q

bn
Ar, t q
Rtr b n Rtr

Rtr r R q tr Rt b n cn t tr

t tr cn Rtr Rt

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n cosq t 1 n sin 2 q t
2

n 1

PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

12

Linard-Wiechert potential solutions -- continued:

r, t

2q

Rt 1 n 2 sin 2 t

Ar, t 2q

bn

cosC cos t

Rt 1 n sin 2 t
2

cosC cos t

Electric and magnetic fields :

1 Ar, t
Er, t r, t
c t
Br, t Ar, t
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PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

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Linard-Wiechert potential solutions -- continued:

Er, t

2q

Rt n 1

2q

Rt 2 1 n 2 sin 2 t

1/ 2
2

Rt n 1 / n

Rt 2 1 n 2 sin 2 t

1/ 2

3/ 2

cosC cos t

cosC cos t

Br, t n sin t q t Er, t

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PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

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cn(t-tr)

R0

vtr1 vtr2 vtr3 vtr4 vt

cn t
cosC cos t
n R(0)

2c n t n 1
1 n sin t
R(0)
When the dust clears....
2

d I
cn
1 2
dd v
2

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PHY 712 Spring 2013 -- Lecture 32

15