Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Bottom drive :Any press with the drive mechanism located within or under the
bed. connections of the drive to slide or slides are within or
alongside the upright.
Manual presses :Manual presses are either hand or foot powered through levers,
series of gears. The most common press of this type is the arbor
press used for various assembly operations. These presses are often
converted to power operation by the addition of air or hydraulic
cylinders.
Mechanical presses :Mechanical presses utilize flywheel energy which is transferred to
the workpiece by gears, cranks , eccentric or levers. Mechanical
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upright
presses,
such
as
adjustable
bed
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PRESS SELECTION :Proper selection of a press is essential for successful and economical
operation. The purchase of a press represents a substantial capital
investment , and return on investment depends upon how well the
press performs the job required. No general purpose press exists that
can provide maximum
Speed ranges :Simple blanking and shallow forming operations can be performed
at high speeds. Mechanical presses have been built that operate to
2000 spm with one inch stroke , but applications at this maximum
speed are rare. Speeds of 600 to 1400 spm are more common for
blanking operations, and thick materials are often blanked at much
lower speeds.
Press systems :Press integrated with material handling equipment, feeding and
unloading devices and other manufacturing equipment.
TYPES OF FRAMES AND CONSTRUCTION :Basic function of a press frame are to contain the loads imposed
with a minimum of deflection which requires ample rigidity. The 2
major types of press frame are gap frame and straight side. Straight
side presses are sometimes constructed with column type frames.
Important criteria for selecting the type of frame to be used include
accessibility and operating characteristics, convenience of feeding
and unloading shift ness and profile.
Number of slides :With respect to function , presses maybe classified by the no of
slides incorporated and are referred to as single , double and triple
action presses. On multislide machines each.
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Single action presses :A single action press has one reciprocating slide ( tool carrier )
acting against a fixed bed. Process of this type , which are the most
widely used , can be employed for many different metal stamping
operations , including blanking , embossing , coining and drawing.
Depending upon the depth of draw , single action presses often
require the use a die cushion for blank holding. In such applications,
a blank holder , ring is depressed by the slide (through pins ) against
the die cushion , usually mounted in the bed of the press.
Die space :The maximum space or any part of the maximum space within a
press for mounting a die.
Dwell :A portion of the press cycle during which the movement of the
member is zero or at least insignificant. Usually refers to the internal
when the blank holder in a drawing process is holding the blank
while the punch is making the draw.
Eccentric gear :A main press drive gear within an eccentric as an integral part. The
unit rotates about a common shaft with the eccentric transmitting the
rotary motion of the gear into the vertical motion of the slide
through a connection.
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Eccentric shaft :A crank with a crank join of such size that it contains or surrounds
the shaft. The eccentric with its connection is used in the eccentric
press and is also used for driving auxiliary attachments such as lift
outs and feeds.
Eccentric draw :The maximum limits of forming depth which can be accomplished
with the multiple action presses. For typical double action or the
upper action of a triple action press, effective draw is the distance
the inner is from the bottom of its stroke at the point at which the
outer slide begins its dwell. For the lower action of a triple action
press, it is the distance the lower slide is from the top its stroke
when the inner slide begins its dwell-sometimes called maximum
draw or maximum depth of draw.
Feeds :Various devices that move stack on workpieces to, in or from a die.
Flywheel :A heavy rotating wheel attached to a shaft, whose principle purpose
is to store kinetic energy during the man working portion of the
press cycle and to release energy during the working portion of the
press cycle.
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Automatic press stop :A machine generated signal for stopping the action of a press,
usually often a complete cycle, by disengaging the clutch
mechanism and engaging the break mechanism.
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Cushion :An accessory for a press which provides a resistive force with
motion required for some operations, such as blank holding ,
drawing or redrawing, maintaining uniform pressure on a workpiece
and knocking out or stripping or also called pads or jacks. Although
usually mounted in or under the press bed. They are also used in or
on the slide.
Power :A term used loosely to designate any press using electrical power as
compared to manual power.
Single action :A press with the single action.
Ram = slide :Shut height :The distance from the top of the bed to bottom of the slide of a
vertical press, with stroke down adjustment up, on moving bolster
presses, or shut height is measured from the top of the bolster (when
the bolster is integral with carriage) or the top of the carriage when
the bolster is separate.
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Slide :The main reciprocating member of press, guided in the press frame
to which the punch or upper die is fastened. Sometimes called the
ram. The inner slide of a double action press is called the plunger or
punch holder slide. The outer slide of a double action press is called
the blank holder slide. The third slide of a triple action press is
called the lower slide, and the slide of a hydraulic press is often
called the platen.
Slide operation :The distance between the face of the die mounting surface of the
inner slide and the outer slide of multiple action presses at open
position.
Stroke :The distance between the terminal points of the reciprocating motion
of a press slide.
Strokes per minute :The specified continuous running speed of a press. It is not the no of
permissible single tripling of a press and consequently does not
measure the possible production per min, except when a press is
running continuously. The no of single tripling per min varies with
different types and makes of clutches as well as with the dexterity of
the operator.
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at the
top of a stroke.
CUSHIONS :Die Cushion :Die cushion often and more accurately referred to as pressure pods ,
are used to apply pressure to flat blanks for drawing operations.
They also serve as lift out or knock out devices to remove stampings
from the dies.
Pneumatic cushions :In cushions of this type ,the maximum pressure is controlled by the
diameter and no of cylinders and available air pressure. Shop line
pressure is generally used, but it is possible to use a booster or
intensifier to increase the air pressure. A pneumatic die cushion for a
single point press normally uses one cylinder and one piston. Two
ore more cushions maybe placed on top of one another, however
when a high capacity unit is required in a limited bed area in which a
vertical space is available.
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design)
Lubricant properties
finish)
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Lubricity and L-P agents :The chemistry of a lubricant includes the additions of various
lubricity and extreme pressure agents that make the fluids slippery
and more wear and more weld resistant. These agents include fat ,
phosphorous , chlorine and sulphur. Percentages of agents used for
any given applications are dictated by the ductility of the material,
configuration of the part, temperatures generated, press cycle time
and other factors.
The contents of viscosity and lubricity agents can cause
press working problems, if improperly specified. Lubricity agents
function under all temperature conditions but are least effective
below 50 degree F (10 degree C) and above 1200 F (649 C). fat is a
good lubricity additive ( since it is attracted to most metal surfaces
and does not stain metal)
PRESS SAFETY :Press safety depends upon the proper design, manufacture,
installation, setup, operation and maintenance of the presses, dies
and related equipments. Safeguarding is complicated by the wide
variety of operations and conditions encentered due to variation in
size , speed and type of press, used , the size thickness and kind of
workpiece to be produced, the design and construction of the dies,
the required accuracy of the workpieces,the skill of operator, the no
of workpieces needed, the method of feeding, including scrap and
workpiece removal methods.
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SAFETY REQUIREMENTS :
The cylinder must incorporate means to retain the piston and rod in
case of breakage or loosening.
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400 T
1800x1200mm
150mm
5 nos
80mm
Bolster Table
1800x1200
10x6 nos
150pcd
200mm
150mm
250mm
SPECIFICATION OFCUSHION
Die cushion
75T
125mm
40mm
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1) 300 T Press
300TON,STRAIGHT SIDED,FOUR PIECE,TIE ROD FRAME,
SINGLE ACTION,TWO POINT, LEFT TO RIGHT SHAFT,
SINGLE GEARED,FRICTION CLUTCH, ECCENTRIC POWER
PRESS.
Capacity at 6mm, above BDC at specified
stroke
Stroke (Fixed)
300t
400 nos
1250x1800mm
100 mm
3 nos
130 mm
Bolster table
1250x1800mm
8x5
150mm
100mm
200mm
50 t
150mm
50 nos
40mm
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