History of Computer from 1st to 5th generation

First Generation (1941-1956)

In first generation computers, the operating instructions or programs were specifically
built for the task for which computer was manufactured. The Machine language was the
only way to tell these machines to perform the operations. There was great difficulty to
program these computers ,and more when there were some malfunctions. First
Generation computers used Vacuum tubes and magnetic drums(for data storage).
Second Generation (1956-1963)
In Second Generation computers, the instructions(program) could be stored inside the
computer's memory. High-level languages such as COBOL (Common Business-Oriented
Language) and FORTRAN (Formula Translator) were used, and they are still used for
some applications nowdays.
Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
Although transistors were great deal of improvement over the vacuum tubes, they
generated heat and damaged the sensitive areas of the computer. The Intergreated
Circuit(IC) was invented in 1958 by Jack Kilby.It combined electronic components onto
a small silicon disc, made from quartz. More advancement made possible the fitings of
even more components on a small chip or a semi conductor.Also in third generation
computers, the operating systems allowed the machines to run many different
applications. These applications were monitored and coordinated by the computer's
memory.
Fourth Generation (1971-Present)
Fourth Generation computers are the modern day computers. The Size started to go down
with the improvement in the integerated circuits. Very Large Scale(VLSI) and Ultra
Large scale(ULSI) ensured that millions of components could be fit into a small chip. It
reduced the size and price of the computers at the same time increasing power, efficiency
and reliability. "The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, took the integrated circuit one
step further by locating all the components of a computer (central processing unit,
memory, and input and output controls) on a minuscule chip."
Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond)
Fifth generations computers are only in the minds of advance research scientiets and
being tested out in the laboratories. These computers will be under Artifical
Intelligence(AI), They will be able to take commands in a audio visual way and carry out
instructions. Many of the operations which requires low human intelligence will be
perfomed by these computers.

Abacus
An abacus is a very old tool used for arithmetic.

CPU
The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and
is the primary element carrying out the functions of the computer or other processing device.

EDUAC
(Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was one of the earliest electronic computers. Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC,
it was binary rather than decimal, and was a stored program machine.

ENIAC
( Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) It was a Turing-complete digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to
solve a full range of computing problems.

IC
An integrated circuit is an electronic circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a
thin substrate of semiconductor material.

Microprocessor
A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC, or
microchip).

BITS
Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) is a component of modern Microsoft Windows operating systems that facilitates
prioritized, throttled, and asynchronous transfer of files between machines using idle network bandwidth. It is most commonly used
by recent versions of Windows Update, Microsoft Update, Windows Server Update Services, and Systems Management Server to
deliver software updates to clients, Microsoft's anti-virus scanner Microsoft Security Essentials to fetch signature updates, and is
also used by Microsoft's instant messaging products to transfer files. BITS is exposed through Component Object Model (COM),
making it possible to use with virtually any programming language.

Areas for Computer Use

1. Education
2. Graphics
3. Retailing
4. Energy
5. law enforcement
6. Transportation
7. Money