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Phn I
Tng quan v h thng kim sot ni b
1.1.
Vai tr ca vic
nghin cu h thng kim sot ni b ca khch hng
trong quy trnh kim ton
Bn cht ca h
thng kim sot ni b
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14
Phn II
nh gi h thng kim sot ni b v nh gi
ri ro kim sot
2.1.
Khi qut v qu
trnh thu thp hiu bit v h thng kim sot ni b
nh gi liu cc
bo co ti chnh
c th kim ton
c hay khng
Khng
kin
t chi
c
hoc
rt ra
khi hp
C th kim ton c
nh gi mc ca ri ro kim sot t
s hiu bit t c (nh gi ban
u) v chi ph ca vic kho st cc
qu trnh kim sot thch hp
nh gi xem liu c kh nng mc
ca ri ro kim sot thp hn s c
chng minh hay khng, v chi ph
c c s chng minh
Quyt nh v mc
nh gi thch hp
ca ri ro kim sot
phi s dng
(1) Mc ti
a
(2)
Mc c chng
minh bng s hiu
bit c c
Lp k hoch v thc
hin cc kho st qu
trnh kim sot
(3) Mc thp hn c
th chng minh c
16
Chng minh
Quyt nh v ri ro pht
hin tng ln thch hp v lp
k hoch cc cuc kho st
chnh thc tho mn mc
ri ro pht hin tng ln ny
Hot
n
g
Thi
t k
Hot
n
g
Thi
t k
Hot
n
g
sau nhn din thm cc qu trnh kim sot khc khi cng
vic ang tin trin. Mc m theo cc qu trnh kim
sot c nhn din l mt vn thuc v s phn xt kim
ton.
2.1.3. nh gi v quyt nh.
Khi t c s hiu bit v h thng kim sot ni b,
v cho vic lp k hoch kim ton, th c ba nh gi
c th phi c thc hin. Nh ta thy trn hnh 2.1, chng
cng i hi kim ton vin phi ra mt s quyt nh
nht nh.
nh gi liu cc bo co ti chnh c kim ton c hay
khng: Qu trnh nh gi u tin l nh gi liu cng ty
c th kim ton c hay khng. Hai yu t chnh xc
nh kh nng c th kim ton c l tnh lim chnh ca
ban Gim c v tnh y ca s sch k ton. Rt nhiu
th thc kim ton trn chng mc no da vo cc kin
ngh ca ban Gim c.
V d, i vi kim ton vin, s rt kh nh gi liu
hng tn kho c lc hu hay khng nu khng c s nh gi
trung thc ca ban Gim c. Nu ban Gim c thiu tnh
trung thc, ban Gim c c th cung cp nhng kin gian
di khin cho kim ton vin phi da vo bng chng khng
ng tin cy.
S sch k ton c vai tr nh mt ngun trc tip ca
bng chng kim ton cn thit. V d, nu khch hng khng
lu gi bn sao cc ha n bn hng v ho n ca bn bn
th thng thng khng th thc hin cuc kim ton tr phi
kim ton vin c th nhn din c mt ngun thay th ca
bng chng ng tin cy, hoc tr phi s sch thch hp th
c xy dng cho nhu cu s dng ca kim ton vin, th
cch duy nht l cho rng Cng ty khng th kim ton c.
Khi kt lun l Cng ty khng th kim ton c, kim
ton vin s tranh lun v cc tnh hung vi khch hng (thng
cp cao nht) v hoc rt lui khi hp ng, hoc cng b
mt bo co kim ton t chi.
nh gi mc ca ri ro kim sot da trn s hiu bit
thu thp c: Sau khi thu c mt s hiu bit v cch
thit k v vn hnh ca h thng kim sot, kim ton vin
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26
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Bng t
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30
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Mc ch v cu hi
Doanh s
A - Doanh s ghi s l ca hng ho gi cho
khch hng c tht
1- Vic ghi s doanh s c c chng minh
bng cc chng t vn chuyn c ph
chun v cc n t hng ca khch c
tn thnh hay khng
B- Cc nghip v tiu th c ph chun ng
n
1 - Phng thc tn dng ca khch c c ph
chun bi nhn vin c trch nhim khng?
2 Lnh vn chuyn bng vn bn c nh s
trc c c quy nh cho mi hng ho xut i
hay khng?
3 - C s dng mt danh sch gi ph chun
hay khng?
C - Cc nghip v tiu th hin c u c ghi
s
1 - Hng gi i c c theo di ghi s
haykhng?
2 - Chng t vn chuyn c c kim sot t
vn phng theo cch c th m bo l tt c
hng gi u tnh tin hay khng?
3 - Chng t vn chuyn c c nh s trc v
theo di ghi s hay khng?
4 - Ho n bn hng c c nh s trc v
theo di ghi s hay khng?
Tr li
C Khng
Nhn xt
N/A
Bi ch tch cng ty
Chulick
x
x
x
33
n
1 - C s so snh c lp gia doanh s ghi s
vi c cu ti khon hay khng?
F - Doanh s ghi s cn c theo thi gian
1 - C s so snh c lp gia ngy ghi trn cc
chng t vn chuyn vi ngy c vo s hay
khng?
G - Cc nghip v tiu th c ghi ng n
vo cc s ph v c tng hp chnh xc
1 - Cc s nht k c c cng tng ring bit
v c di chiu vi s ci tng hp v s ci
ph hay khng?
2 - Hng thng c s iu ho gia s ph cc x
khon phi thu vi s ci tng hp hay khng?
Tt c cc thng v
u bn chu v
ch c mt ti
khon doanh thu
C mt nhc im
trong h thng v
ch cn c kho st
b sung chnh thc
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36
Bng lit
Ngi lp:
Nhc im
1.
K:
Trng
yu
Nhn vin Ch s hu
N/A(*)
N/A
ph trch cc xem xt li
khon phi thu ton b s
chu
trch ghi nh tn
nhim i vi dng sau khi
cc khon phi chng
c
thu
khch vo s
hng
2. Khng c qu Khng c Sai s v mt Trng
trnh thm tra
giy t khi vit yu
ni b vi n
ho n cho tim n
gi bn
khch,
khi
chuyn vo s
ci ph v s
phn loi ti
khon
nh hng
n bng
chng kim
ton
N/A
Tng cc cuc
kho st chi
tit
ca
nghip v tiu
th ln 125
nghip v
p
bn bn c
hng c
v hng hng ghi
ghi
ph bn c c s
s l chu hng tnh ph n
c
n
u ton n loi
g
tht ( n c
v thch thi
c
g
ghi vo hp gian
cn n s
s
(s (thi
c
(s (tnh n ph gian)
hp
ph y
g
n
l) chu ) n loi)
n)
(n
h gi)
Tn dng c ph chun trc khi giao hng
Minh
ho
qu
trn
h
kim
sot
ch
Nghi
p v
bn
hng
c
ghi
ng
n
vo
s
ph
v
tng
hp
chnh
xc
C
C
C
C
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C mt c cu ti khon y
C
C
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12-2-
19X8
Knh gi: Hi ng qun tr
Tha qu ng,
Khi chng ti lp k hoch v thc hin cuc kim ton bo co
ti chnh ca cng ty Airtight Machine cho nm kt thc ngy
31/12/19X7, chng ti xem xt h thng kim sot ni b ca
cng ty xc nh cc th thc kim ton nhm mc ch
trnh by quan im ca mnh v cc bo co ti chnh v khng
th bo m v h thng kim sot ni b. Tuy nhin, chng ti ghi
nhn mt s vn nht nh lin quan n h thng kim sot
ni b, v s hot ng ca n m chng ti cho l iu kin
c th thng bo c theo cc chun mc do vin k ton vin cng
M ban hnh. Nhng iu kin c th bo co c gm nhng vn
gy s ch ca chng ti c lin quan n nhng khuyt
im quan trng trong thit k hoc trong qu trnh hot ng
ca h thng kim sot ni b m theo s phn xt ca cng ti, c
th nh hng bt li n kh nng ghi chp, x l, tng hp, v cc
bo co s liu ti chnh ph hp vi nhng li xc nhn ca ban qun
tr trn cc bo co ti chnh.
Vn c ghi nhn l thiu s kim tra c lp i vi
n gi, cc php nhn, cc php cng tng s, v vic chuyn
s cc ho n bn hng v cc th ghi nh tn dng. Hu qu l sai
st trong nhng hot ng ny c th xy ra v khng c sa
cha gy nh hng bt li n doanh thu thun ghi s v cc
khon phi thu c ghi s. Khuyt im ny c bit quan trng
v mc tiu th bnh qun c quy m ln ca cng ty Airtight
Machine.
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tn
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Cc qu trnh kim sot m kim ton vin nhn din c trong qa trnh nh gi nh vic lm gim ri ro kim sot
(nhng qu trnh kim sot ch yu) m bo l chng
c vn hnh hiu qu trong sut k kim ton hoc hu nh ht
k kim ton. V d, trn hnh 2.7, mi qu trnh kim sot ch
yu phi c chng minh bng cc cuc kho st qu trnh kim
sot thch hp.
2.4.1. Cc th thc kho st qu trnh kim sot.
Bn loi th thc c dng lm cn c cho hot ng
ca cc ch v th thc lin quan vi kim sot. Chng
gm:
Thm vn cc nhn vin cng ty thch hp: Mc d thm
vn ni chung khng phi l mt ngun bng chng vng chc
v s hot ng hiu qu ca cc qu trnh kim sot, n vn
l mt hnh thc bng chng thch hp. V d, kim ton vin
c th xc nh c l nhn vin khng c u quyn th
khng c php tra cu h s ca my vi tnh, qua vic thm
vn ngi kim sot cc a vi tnh.
Kim tra cc chng t, s sch, v bo co. Rt nhiu hot
ng v th thc lin quan vi kim sot li mt du vt r
rng trn bng chng bng ti liu. V d, gi s l khi nhn c
n t hng ca khch, n ny s c dng lp ho
n bn hng cho khch ph chun tn dng. n t hng
ca khch nh km vi ho n bn hng l s ph chun ca
vic x l tip tc. Kim ton vin xem xt cc chng t
m bo chng y v tng xng mt cch ng n,
nhng ch k hoc nhng ch tt quy nh u c .
Quan st. Cc hnh thc hot ng khc lin quan vi kim
sot khng li du vt lm bng chng. V d, s cch ly
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Loi th thc
Thm vn
Thanh tra
Quan st
Lm li
Mc cao:
Ch c c s hiu bit
Mc thp:
Kho st kim sot
C, m rng
C, mt s
C, vi nghip v xuyn C, s dng vic chon
sut
mu
C, vi nghip v xuyn C, vi nhiu ln
sut
C, s dng vic chn
Khng
mu
Hnh 2.9 minh ho khi nim ny vi nhiu chi tit hn. Khi
ch c yu cu nghin cu ti thiu v h thng kim sot ni b
c lp k hoch, kim ton vin s tin hnh mt nghip v kinh
t xuyn sut. Lm nh vy, kim ton vin phi xc nh l cc
chng t chng minh ca cuc kim ton y v chnh
xc, v nhn xt l cc hot ng lin quan vi kim sot m t
ang vn hnh.
Khi ri ro kim sot c nh gi thp hn mc ti a
th khng ch mt nghip v xuyn sut c thc thi m mt
mu ln hn gm cc chng t cng c kim tra tm cc
du hiu v s hot ng hiu qu ca cc qu trnh kim
sot tng t, khi cc qu trnh quan st c thc hin, chng s
su rng hn v thng mt s thi im. Ngoi ra, kim
ton vin cng lm li mt s th thc kim sot no .
46
Phn III
nh gi, nhn xt v quy trnh nh gi h
thng kim sot ni b
H thng kim sot ni b ca n v c thit lp v
duy tr nhm pht hin, ngn chn cc gian ln v sai st
trong hot ng ti chnh k ton ca n v hon thnh tt
cc mc tiu t ra.
Vic nh gi h thng kim sot ni b trong doanh
nghip c tin hnh theo mt trnh trnh t logic cht ch
c th khi qut qua 4 bc c bn sau:
1) Thu thp hiu bit v h thng kim sot ni b v m
t chi tit h thng kim sot ni b trn cc giy t lm vic:
cng vic ny c thc hin trong giai on lp k hoch kim
ton, phng php tip cn, cch thc thc hin t c s
hiu bit c trnh by trong mc 2.2.
2) nh gi ban u v ri ro kim sot lp k hoch
cho tng khon mc: Mc ri ro kim sot ban u ny s
c chng minh bng vic thc hin cc kho st (th nghim
kim sot) giai on hai ca cuc kim ton trc khi kim
ton vin a ra mc ri ro kim sot thch hp c s dng.
Trong kim ton bo co ti chnh vic nh gi ri ro
kim sot c nh hng trc tip n vic xc nh cc php
th nghim s p dng. Nu ri ro kim sot c nh gi
mc ti a (khi kim sot ni b khng hot ng hoc hot
ng khng c hiu qu) th kim ton vin phi tng cng
cc th nghim c bn pht hin cc sai phm, khi
kim ton vin khng cn thc hin th nghim kim sot (th
nghim tun th).
Nu ri ro kim sot c nh gi thp hn mc ti a
kim ton vin s da vo kim sot ni b ca n v
gim bt th nghim c bn trn s d v nghip v. Trng hp
ny, kim ton vin s thc hin tun t th nghim kim sot
v th nghim c bn.
Tuy nhin ch l s nh gi ban u v ri ro kim
sot.Vic nh gi li ri ro kim sot v thit k li cc th
nghim c bn trn s d v cc nghip v (nu cn thit) s 47
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Kt lun
Kim ton vin phi c c hiu bit su sc v h
thng kim sot ni b ca khch hng, iu ny c quy
nh r trong nhm chun mc thc hnh kim ton. Do vy,
chng ta cng thy mc cn thit, quan trng ca vic
nghin cu h thng kim sot ni b v nh gi ri ro kim
sot trong qu trnh kim ton bo co ti chnh. Nghin cu
y h thng kim sot ni b ca n v c kim ton
phc v cho vic xy dng k hoch kim ton ph hp l
vn kh. Song c mt bo co kho st v kt qu
kim ton m bo cht lng nht thit phi thc hin tt
cng vic ny, qua mi c th gip n v c kim ton
hon thin cng tc qun l v nng cao hiu qu trong cc
hot ng kinh t.
n ny l vic p dng nhng kin thc c hc
trong nh trng vo nghin cu khoa hc. Vi thi gian tng i
ngn thu thp ti liu hon thnh n nn bi lm
khng trnh khi nhng thiu st v cch nhn nhn vn
v hnh thc trnh by cng nh ni dung khoa hc v tnh
logic ca n. Em mong c s ch bo v gp ca thy
hon thin n ny v rt kinh nghim trong nhng ln vit
sau. Em xin chn thnh cm n.
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mc lc
Li ni u..................................................................1
Phn I: Tng quan v h thng kim sot ni b..........2
1.1. Vai tr ca vic nghin cu h thng kim sot ni b ca
khch hng trong quy trnh kim ton...............................2
1.2. Bn cht ca h thng kim sot ni b............................3
1.3. Cc khi nim c bn.........................................................5
1.3.1.
1.3.2.
1.3.3.
1.3.4.
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