MEDICAL

NUGGETS
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MEDICAL NUGGETS

Contents
CHEMICAL NUGGETS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
CLINICAL TRIALS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
CROSS SENSITIVITY OF STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIGEN ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
ENZYMES OF DNA REPLICATION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
CLASSIFICATION OF DOG BITE INJURIES................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS IN PREGNANCY................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
EHLER DANLOS SYNDROME NUGGET...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
ENZYME COMPLEXES ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLUCOKINASE AND HEXOKINASE........................................................................................................................................................... 4
GLUCOSE TRANSPORTORS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
PARITY AND DISEASES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
NAMES OF PERFORATORS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
PRESERVATIVES FOR POISONING.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
UNITS IN RADIOLOGY...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
SENSATIONS AND TRACTS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
SITES OF HEMATOPOIESIS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
DISEASES WITH SMOKING AS PROTECTIVE FACTOR........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
CLASSIFICATION OF SPORES OF CLOSTRIDIA ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
SUBSTANCES ACCUMULATED IN STORAGE DISORDERS ................................................................................................................................................................. 7

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CHEMICAL NUGGETS

MEDICAL NUGGETS

CHEMICAL NUGGETS
Chemical Adrenalectomy
Chemical Pancreatectomy
Chemical Defibrillation

Mitotin/Aminoglutethymidine
Streptozocin
Bretylium

CLINICAL TRIALS
Phase I

Normal Healthy Volunteers

CANNOT Determine efficacy
Small Number of Patients
Both EFFICACY & SAFETY determined
Large no of patients

Phase II
Phase III
APPLY FOR FDA APPROVAL
Phase IV

Post Marketing surveillance

CROSS SENSITIVITY OF STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIGEN

Capsular Hyaluronic acid
Group A carbohydrate antigen
Cytoplasmic membrane antigen
Cell wall protein
Peptidoglycan

Synovial fluid
Cardiac valves
Vascular intima
Myocardium
Skin antigen

ENZYMES OF DNA REPLICATION

PROKARYOTIC
DNA Polymerase I
(Lagging Strands)

EUKARYOTIC

DNA Polymerase II
DNA Polymerase III
(Leading Strands)
RNA Primase

FUNCTION
Both 3-5 & 5-3 Exonuclease activity
RNA Primers removed
Join Okazaki Fragments
Proof reading
3-5 Exonuclease activity
Proof reads

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MEDICAL NUGGETS

CLASSIFICATION OF DOG BITE INJURIES

CLASS I
SLIGHT RISK
Licks on Healthy skin
Scratches without blood
Consumption of unboiled
milk of suspected animal

CLASS II
MODERATE RISK
Licks on Fresh cuts
Scratches with blood
All bites EXCEPT
head,neck,face
,palm,fingers
Minor wounds <5 in
number

CATEGORIES OF DRUGS IN PREGNANCY

A
B
C
D
X

Animal & Human study No Teratogenicity

Animal study No teratogenicity
Human study Lagging
Animal &b Human study Lagging
If Benificial can be given
Definitely risk
But we are giving
Definitely Contraindicated

EHLER DANLOS SYNDROME NUGGET

MC type of Ehler Danlos syndrome
Most severe type of Ehler Danlos syndrome

EDS-3
EDS-4

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CLASS III
SEVERE RISK
All bites with oozing of
blood in
head,neck,face,palm,
fingers
Lacerated wounds on any
part of body
Multiple wounds > 5 in
number
Wild animals bite

MEDICAL NUGGETS

ENZYME COMPLEXES
E1
E2
E3

Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

Thiamine Pyrophosphate
Lipoic acid & Co A
FAD+,NAD+

FATTY ACID SYNTHASE COMPLEX

Ketoacyl Synthase
Acetyl Transacylase
Malonyl Transacylase
Hydratase
Enoyl reductase
Ketoacyl reductase
ACP Thiomerase

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLUCOKINASE AND HEXOKINASE

FEATURES
Found
Km
Affinity for Glucose
Allosteric Inhibitor
Function

HEXOKINASE I to III
All Tissues
Low
High
Glucose 6 Phosphate
Makes glucose available to tissues
for oxidation at low blood glucose
levels

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GLUCOKINASE
(HEXOKINASE IV)
Adult Liver only
High
Low
Fructose 6 Phosphate
Clears glucose from blood after
meals

GLUCOSE TRANSPORTORS

MEDICAL NUGGETS

GLUCOSE TRANSPORTORS
GLUT 4 (Insulin Sensitive)

Adipose tissue
Skeletal muscle
Heart
RBC
Liver
Brain
Intestine
Testis,Sperm
Kidney
Leucocytes,Spleen

GLUT 1
GLUT 2
GLUT 3
GLUT 5
GLUT 6

PARITY AND DISEASES

PARITY
Nulliparity
Low Parity
Multiparity

RISK FACTOR FOR

Endometriosis
Ca Endometrium
Ca Ovary
Adenomyosis
Ca Cervix

NAMES OF PERFORATORS
Below Medial Malleolus
Calf
Below Knee
Above Knee
Adductor Canal

Inframalleolar
Cockett
Boyd
Dodd
Hunterian

PRESERVATIVES FOR POISONING

POISONING
All Poisons including Carbolic acid except other acids
Acids EXCEPT Carbolic Acid
Tissue
Sample for Uric acid
Blood for Alcohol Poisoning
Blood for Fluoride Poisoning
Blood for Oxalic Acid /Ethylene Glycol Poisoning
Blood for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Preservative for catgut suture

PRESERVATIVE
Saturated NaCl
Rectified Spirit
10% Formalin
Alcohol
Potassium Oxalate + Sodium Fluoride
Potassium Oxalate + SODIUM NITRATE
Sodium citrate (In place of Potassium Oxalate)
Liquid Paraffin
Isopropyl Alcohol

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UNITS IN RADIOLOGY

MEDICAL NUGGETS

UNITS IN RADIOLOGY
Unit of
Radiation Exposure
Absorbed Dose
Absorbed dose Equivalent
Radioactivity

Conventional unit
Roentgen
Rad
rEm
Curie

SI unit
Coulumbs/Kg
Grey
SiEvert
Bequeral

KERMA Kinetic Energy Released per unit Mass

Air KERMA Kerma per unit mass of air

SENSATIONS AND TRACTS

POSTERIOR COLUMN
Fine Touch
Fine Pressure
Vibration sense
Proprioception

ANTERIOR SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT

Crude touch
Crude Pressure

LATERAL SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT

Pain
Temperature

SITES OF HEMATOPOIESIS
rd

3 Week
rd
3 Month
th
4 Month
Birth
After Puberty

Yolk Sac
Liver
Bone marrow
Bone marrow
Red Marrow of Vertebra, Ribs, Sternum, Skull, Pelvis,
Proximal Epiphyseal Region

DISEASES WITH SMOKING AS PROTECTIVE FACTOR

Ulcerative Colitis
PIH,Eclampsia
Alzemiers Disease
Parkinsons disease
Sarcoidosis
Fibroid
Endometriosis
Lung Carcinoid
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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CLASSIFICATION OF SPORES OF CLOSTRIDIA

MEDICAL NUGGETS

CLASSIFICATION OF SPORES OF CLOSTRIDIA

SPHERICAL & TERMINAL
DRUM STICK
Tetani
Tetanomorphum
Sphenoides

OVAL & TERMINAL

TENNIS RACKET
Difficle
Tertium
Cochlearum

CENTRAL/SUBTERMINAL
Botulinum
Perfringens
Septicum
Novyi
Histolyticum
Sporogens
Sordelli
chauvoeil

SUBSTANCES ACCUMULATED IN STORAGE DISORDERS

Hurler syndrome
Tay sachs disease
Hunter Syndrome
Sanfillipo syndrome
Morquio B Syndrome

Dermatan & Heparan Sulphate

GM2 ganglioside
Dermatan Sulphate,Heparan Sulphate
Heparan Sulphate
Keratan Sulphate

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